Akademisk avhandling - Malmö. / Added title page, with thesis note, inserted.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Manitoba, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.D.Sc) - University of Queensland, 2004. / Includes bibliography.

Thesis (M.D.Sc.) - University of Queensland, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Lídia Parsekian Martins / Banca: Ary dos Santos-Pinto / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Banca: José Rino Neto / Banca: Deocleciano da Silva Carvalho / Resumo: O presente trabalho evidencia a importância da análise do perfil facial na área do diagnóstico, planejamento e prognóstico de casos em ortodontia ou especialidades afins. Os conceitos subjetivos de beleza e a grande variedade de tipos faciais dificultam a seleção de modelos que possam representar padrões de referências. Apesar da visão subjetiva possuir elevado poder na tomada de decisões, outros critérios de avaliação podem contribuir com mais objetividade nas interpretações da estética facial. O estudo enfoca o assunto de três maneiras: a) obtém uma amostra de 120 indivíduos de ambos os gêneros, entre as idades de 08 e 23 anos, residentes na cidade de João Pessoa, Paraíba, escolhidos aleatoriamente; b) apresenta um instrumento clínico denominado "Paquímetro do Perfil Facial", destinado a tomada de medidas verticais e horizontais em pontos localizados no perfil mole e testado em todos os participantes da amostra, investigando possíveis diferenças entre gêneros; c) avalia esteticamente, através de fotografias, os 120 perfis faciais da amostra, submetendo-as ao julgamento de um comitê de avaliadores, com o propósito de verificar a influência de valores subjetivos na identificação das características faciais. / Abstract: This study present the importance of facial profile analysis in diagnosis, treatment planning and prognostic of Orthodontic cases. Because of the subjective concepts of beauty and the number of facial types, it is difficult to select a reference pattern of facial attractiveness. Although the subjective view is important and influence decisions, other aspects of facial esthetics contribute with more objectivity in the assessments. This study focused some of these aspects: a) a sample of 120 individuals, of both genders, between 8 and 23 years old, were randomly selected in the city of João Pessoa, Paraíba. c) photographies of 120 facial profiles were assessed by a panel composed by specialists and lay people, to assess the influence of subjective values in facial attractiveness. Some of the results presented: a) the measurements found with the caliper were highly influenced by the nose; b) this influence was higher in the horizontal than vertical measurements; c) a difference between gender and age was found; d) an increasement of growth pattern was found in males than in females; e) the differences between genders were more evident in older individuals of the sample. f) the male profiles were more convex than the female profiles; g) the concordance intra and inter examiner were not high; h) maxillae and mandibular aspects were easily assessed; j) aspects of facial and dentoalveolar height were most difficult to assess; k) the facial caliper was coherent with the functional purpose. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-01-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:05:07Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 caldas_sgfr_dr_arafo_parcial.pdf: 159727 bytes, checksum: fee225341d89c071c1bacd1faa7663e3 (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2015-07-02T12:36:16Z: caldas_sgfr_dr_arafo_parcial.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-07-02T12:37:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000719591_20180122.pdf: 142155 bytes, checksum: 10a9c06d2e83068460f2895f04430d4b (MD5) Bitstreams deleted on 2018-01-29T11:45:00Z: 000719591_20180122.pdf,. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2018-01-29T11:45:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000719591.pdf: 779908 bytes, checksum: 46ae5fb815016e4b4b9801a1a96120f1 (MD5) / Objetivo: Os objetivos do estudo foram (1) avaliar o comportamento biomecânico das molas T confeccionadas com diferentes marcas comerciais de beta-titânio (β-Ti), (2) avaliar a estabilidade do sistema de força das molas 'T pré-ativadas por curvatura quando submetidas ao alívio de tensão estrutural a longo prazo, assim como, (3) comparar seus resultados com as molas préativadas por dobras. Materiais e Métodos: No artigo 1, a amostra foi constituída de 40 molas “T” (6 x 10mm) confeccionadas com fio 0,017” x 0.025” de β-Ti e divididas em 4 grupos de 10 molas de acordo com a marca comercial: Grupo 1 - TMA® (Ormco), Grupo 2 - BETA FLEXY® (Orthometric), Grupo 3 - BETA III TiMo® (Morelli) e Grupo 4 - CNA® (Ortho Organizers). O ensaio mecânico foi realizado utilizando-se um transdutor de momentos acoplado a um indicador para extensometria, adaptado a uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos Emic (DL2000) com célula de carga de 0,1kN e velocidade 5mm/min. Para o ensaio de tração, a amostra foi constituída de 05 segmentos com 30cm de comprimento para cada marca comercial. O ensaio foi realizado na máquina de ensaios mecânicos com célula de carga de 5kN e velocidade de 2mm/min. A análise metalográfica foi realizada por fluorescência de raios X no equipamento Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. A dimensão dos fios calculada com auxílio de um paquímetro digital com precisão de ± 1μm. A análise estatística foi realizada por meio da análise de variância a um critério (ANOVA) e pós teste de Tukey (α=5%). No artigo 2, a amostra foi constituída de 90 molas de dimensões 6 X 10mm, confeccionadas com fios 0,017” x 0,025” de TMA®, pré-ativadas por curvatura e divididas aleatoriamente em 9 grupos de 10 molas. As molas do grupo 1 (imediato) foram avaliadas logo após a... / Objective: The aim of this study were (1) evaluation of the force system produced by four brands of beta-titanium (β-Ti) wires bent into a T-Loop spring (TLS), (2) evaluate changes in the force system of TLSs preactivated by curvature due to stress relaxation and (3) assess the changes in the force system of TLSs preactivated by bends and curvature. Materials and Methods: The paper 1, the sample consisted of forty springs (6 x 10mm) from 0.017 x 0.025 β-Ti and divided into 4 groups of 10 springs according to wire brand: Group 1 - TMA® (Ormco), Group 2 - BETA FLEXY® (Orthometric), Group 3 - BETA III TiMo® (Morelli) and CNA® (Ortho Organizers). The mechanical testing was performed using a moment transducer coupled to a digital extensometer indicator adapted to an Emic testing machine (DL2000) with a load cell of 0.1kN and speed 5mm/min. For the tensile test, the sample consisted of five 30cm segments of each of the wires. The test was performed on a mechanical testing machine equipped with a load cell of 5kN and speed of 2mm/min. An energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer machine was used to determine the surface chemical composition of the wires in each group. The height and width of each wire were measured to the nearest 0.001 mm with a digital micrometer accurate to ± 1μm. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey post hoc test (α=5%). The paper 2, the sample consisted of ninety TLSs with dimensions 6 x 10mm, produced out of .017” x .025” TMA® and preactived by gradual curvature, were randomly distributed into nine groups according to time point of evaluation. Group 1 was tested immediately and the remaining subgroups were tested after they were secured at 5 mm activation for different periods. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 e 9 were kept activated for 24, 48 and 72 hours... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-05-31Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:23:14Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zaragozavelazquez_n_dr_araca.pdf: 683622 bytes, checksum: 4ce6029eaa78a3928cfae07ee952709a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Os mini-implantes ortodônticos têm comprovado sua eficiência clínica provendo uma ancoragem absoluta, estes dispositivos podem ser instalados sobre pequenos espaços de tecido ósseo, mas devem ser inseridos efetuando uma técnica cirúrgica muito precisa. Devido ao alto índice de contatos radiculares verificado na literatura científica pela utilização clínica dos mini-implantes, surgiu o interesse para estudar mediante tomografia computadorizada, o posicionamento tridimensional de mini-implantes ortodônticos inseridos através de um guia radiográfico-cirúrgico (RAAG). Foram considerados dois grupos neste estudo, o grupo experimental (GE) prospectivo que incluiu um total de 21 pacientes, 14 pacientes do sexo feminino e 7 do sexo masculino, com 18 anos em média. Neste grupo foram inseridos 21 parafusos ortodônticos auto-perfurantes (POAF) com diâmetro de 1.4mm e 8.0mm de comprimento por um mesmo profissional e utilizou-se um guia radiográfico-cirúrgico Ring Accupunture Auricular Guide (RAAG) com diâmetro de 3.0mm. No grupo controle (Gc) retrospectivo foram inseridos 25 (POAF) na maxila sem nenhum tipo de guia radiográfico-cirúrgico, este grupo controle (Gc) incluiu 10 pacientes do sexo feminino e 15 do sexo masculino com 18 anos em média, cada um dos POAF foi instalado por diferentes profissionais. Após a inserção dos POAF todos os 46 pacientes foram submetidos a Tomografia Dental Computadorizada mediante o Tomógrafo ICAT CONE BEAM. Para a comparação entre os grupos de estudados neste ensaio, foram utilizados os testes Kruskall Wallis e “t” de Student. O grupo experimental GE apresentou uma porcentagem de 88% de inserção eqüidistante de POAF, evidenciando significância estatística em relação ao grupo Gc. O lado direito do grupo experimental GE... / Introduction: Orthodontic Mini-Screws Self Drilling (ODMS) has proven to be effective providing an efficient absolute anchorage. It could be placed in restricted sites, but requiring a precise surgical technique. Recently (ODMS) have become more popular, thus problems has emerged for example; root contact, would lead to perforation or cause other root injuries. However, no systematic study has evaluated the tridimensional position of (ODMS) into the alveolar process, thus in order to diminish iatrogenic root damage a rapid insertion radiographic surgical guide (RAAG) was proposed to place (ODMS) precisely in the interradicular bone. A specific tomography software was used to evaluated the tridimensional position of (ODMS) and its inaccuracy was estimated <null hypothesis. Methods: The sample consisted of 46 subjects (24 female, 22 male), who used (ODMS). Twenty one (ODMS) were placed by using the (RAAG) and the twenty five (ODMS) were placed without any surgical or stent guide, cohort study. The central point of the mesiodistal septum width was the selected implant site using presurgical radiograph. The distances between (ODMS) and the adjacent teeth (5- ODMS and 6- ODMS) were measured to evaluate mini-screw centralization. These distances were statistically compared by independent kruskal wallis and t tests, scored the deviation the (ODMS) final position regarding the central point initially selected. Results: CBCT images of post-surgical (ODMS) showed that the overall success rate of (ODMS) in the (EG) was 88.0% (15/21). However, in order to obtain the equidistant placement of the (ODMS) it was necessary to change the vertical angle degree of the (15/21) (ODMS). On other hand, the... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Resumo: Comparar a percepção estética de ortodontistas e leigos frente a três parâmetros: (1) a posição vertical da margem gengival e da borda incisal dos incisivos centrais superiores; (2) a presença de diastemas na região dos incisivos laterais superiores e (3) a presença de assimetrias nas bordas incisais dos incisivos centrais e laterais superiores. Materiais e Métodos: três artigos científicos foram redigidos e utilizados para a avaliação dos propósitos apresentados. Resultados: Os posicionamentos verticais dos centrais superiores considerado mais estético, por ortodontistas e leigos, foi aquele no qual as margens gengivais dos centrais estão ou no mesmo nível da dos caninos ou 0.5mm abaixo. Quando as bordas incisais foram avaliadas, o degrau de 1.0 e 1.5mm entre centrais e laterais foram os mais atrativos. A presença de diastemas na região de incisivos laterais foi considerada antiestética por ortodontistas e leigos, brasileiros e norte-americanos. Em geral, os sorrisos seguiram o seguinte padrão: quanto maior os diastemas e quanto mais mesialmente posicionados, menor o nível de atratividade do sorriso. O sorriso com diastema de 0.5mm na face distal dos incisivos laterais não diferiu do sorriso sem diastemas na avaliação dos ortodontistas e leigos norteamericanos, bem como os leigos brasileiros. Assimetrias na bordas incisais de centrais e laterais foi considerada, em geral, uma característica anti-estética. 14 Os sorrisos avaliados seguiram o seguinte padrão: quanto maior as assimetrias menos atrativos eram os sorrisos e, assimetrias em laterais foram mais aceitáveis esteticamente do que em centrais. A presença de pequena assimetria, de 0.5mm, em centrais foi considerada anti-estética para ortodontistas e leigos. Por outro lado, assimetrias em laterais foram mais toleradas, sendo o limite do aceitável para ortodontistas de 0.5mm e, leigos, de 1.0mm / Abstract: Determine the smile esthetics perception from orthodontists and laypeople of three smile parameters: (1) vertical upper central incisor positioning; (2) presence of diastemas in upper lateral incisors area and (3) presence of asymmetries in the upper incisor edges. Material and Methods: in order to accomplished our objective three scientific articles were written. Results: The most attractive smile were the one with two major characteristics: the central incisors gingival margins matching the laterals and both 0.5 mm below the line of the canines' gingival margins and the central-to-lateral incisal step of 1.5 mm. This smile type did not differ statistically to the one with the centrals gingiva margins matching the canines and the central-to-lateral incisal step of 1.5 mm. Brazilian and US orthodontists and laypersons considered the presence of spacing in the upper lateral incisor area unattractive. Generally, the bigger the diastemas and the more mesial, the less attractive was the smile. For the US orthodontists, US laypeople, and Brazilian laypeople the presence of a 0.5 mm diastema in the distal surface of the lateral incisor did not influence the evaluation process, and thus, was not recognized as unattractive. Generally, tooth wear was considered unattractive following a pattern: the greater the tooth wear the more unattractive the smile; tooth wear in the central incisor was considered more unattractive than tooth wear in the lateral. For both group of 17 raters the presence of a 0.5 mm wear in the central incisor was considered unattractive while the threshold for lateral incisors discrepancies was 0.5 mm for orthodontists and 1.0 mm for laypersons / Orientador: Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Junior / Coorientador: Kang Ting / Banca: Dirceu Barnabé Raveli / Banca: Edson Alves de Campos / Banca: Fernando Antonio Lima Habib / Banca: Marcos Alan Vieira Bittencourt / Doutor

Bone-to-implant contact of orthodontic mini-screws has been determined via Micro-CT to be a strong predictor of primary stability. Various insertion angulations, including both 900 and 500, have been reported as ideal for providing optimum primary stability. The aim of this investigation was to determine if a statistically significant difference exists in the bone-to-implant contact of mini-screws placed with an insertion angulation of 900 compared to those placed at 500 as determined via Micro-CT. Ten self-drilling, self-tapping orthodontic mini-screws (Aarhus,1.5mmx6mm) (n=5) were inserted into the posterior ramus of an adult pig mandible, an analog to an adult human mandible. A custom stent with ten holes, five at 900 and five at 500, was fitted to the bone surface to control insertion angulation. The bone was cut to 1.5x1.5x1cm segments and scanned using SkyScan 1127 with ideal specifications (8mm pixel size, medium camera, 80Kv, 100mA, 10W, 1800 rotation, and 0.5Al+0.25Cu filter). The raw scans were reconstructed using NReconV1.6.10 and these datasets were then reoriented using DataviewerV1.5.2 along the Z-axis to standardize the peri-implant bone for analysis. A custom task-list was used with CT-AnalyzerV1.14.41 to determine the percent of bone-to-implant contact per mini-screw. A Mann-Whitney U test indicated that the bone-to-implant contact was not statistically significantly different for the mini-screws placed at 900 (Mdn= 72.34) compared to the mini-screws placed at 500 (Mdn= 53.25), U=5, p=.1443. Therefore, the results do not significantly differ at p&lt;.05. There is no statistically significant difference in the bone-to-implant contact between the Aarhus 1.5mmx6mm orthodontic mini-screws placed at 900 compared to those placed at 500 as measured by Micro-CT. This may lead to the conclusion that there is no significant difference in the primary stability of Aarhus mini-screws placed at 900 and 500. / Oral Biology

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount of external apical root resorption (EARR) secondary to orthodontic treatment in patients with Short Root Anomaly (SRA) using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) at the University of the Pacific Orthodontic Clinic. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, CBCTs of forty-eight SRA patients who underwent orthodontic treatment were selected from the graduate orthodontic clinic. CBCTs before and after treatment were analyzed to measure root length changes on the upper central and lateral incisors. Results: Differences between the two methods of assessing SRA severity occurred between categorizing mild and moderate SRA subjects with the quantitative method resulting in more moderate cases and visual method determining more mild cases. Root resorption changes ranged from 0.92-1.3 mm for all incisors. Between the Non-Hispanic and Hispanic group, there was no statistical significance for all tooth length changes. There is a statistically significant difference in the root resorption of SRA teeth and non-SRA teeth (0.55mm). Conclusions: Post orthodontic treatment SRA teeth exhibited less linear changes than non SRA teeth and no differences were found between non-Hispanic and Hispanic upper incisors.