Reproduction de : Thèse de doctorat : Neuropsychologie : Lyon 2 : 2005. / Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr.

Québec Université Laval, Bibliothèque 2015

Dans le domaine éducatif, le phénomène des erreurs d'orthographe est l'une des préoccupations majeures dans les pays francophones. Au Gabon, où nous avons réalisé notre investigation, les élèves éprouvent de difficultés à orthographier correctement des mots. C'est au constat de leurs faibles performances en orthographe que nous sommes parvenu à poser la problématique des erreurs d'orthographe au premier cycle du secondaire. Cette recherche vise à identifier et à classer, à partir de la typologie des erreurs de Catach (1980), les différentes erreurs d'orthographe que les jeunes scripteurs commettent dans leurs écrits. Pour, y parvenir, nous avons organisé, pour un échantillon de 783 élèves de 6e (lere année secondaire au Québec) et de 3 e (4eme année secondaire au Québec) de niveau collège du Gabon, une dictée et un entretien métacognitif tel que le conçoit Jaffré (1999 et 2003). Il en ressort, comme l'avaient déjà, ailleurs, démontré certaines études (Bétrix, 1991), que la zone morphogrammique, notamment la grammaire, reste celle qui serait la moins bien maîtrisée chez les jeunes scripteurs gabonais.

The general aim of this longitudinal study was to look at literacy acquisition of multilingual good and poor spellers (hereafter GS and PS) in German and French with a special emphasis on spelling. For this purpose GS and PS were selected in grade 2 in German and followed up to grade 4. The focus was on this period as in Luxembourg literacy is acquired through German from the first grade and written French from grade 3 on. The interval between grades 2 and 4 thus represents a critical period for written second language acquisition. The native language of the children, Germanic (e.g. Luxembourgish) or Romanophone (e.g. Portuguese), adds another linguistic characteristic. Research focused at the development of biliteracy but some multilingual aspects were analyzed.<p><p>Abstract The first two studies differentiate between top-level processes related to semantics (e.g. vocabulary) and bottom level processes implied in literacy (e.g. spelling). The first two studies established that the native language has an impact on reading comprehension as Germanic speaking children have an advantage on German tasks and Romanophone children an advantage on French tasks. By contrast, performances on bottom-level processes such as spelling and reading are not influenced by the native language. Structural equation models revealed that German top-level processes did not influence French top-level processes. Concerning bottom-level processes however, there was an influence from one academic year on the following as well as from German on French. <p><p>Abstract The last three studies focused on differences between biliterate GS and PS in German and in French. The third study examined the reading and spelling strategies (e.g. the application of orthographic rules) that both groups of children acquired in German and in French. Although GS outperformed PS, their overall reading and spelling performance patterns were different in German than in French. GS applied orthographic rules more systematically than PS in German. In French, both groups were strongly affected by frequency effects. The word frequency effect appeared clearly in French, showing that after one year of instruction children strongly rely on the orthographic lexicon for spelling and do not apply orthographic rules systematically. Study 4 establishes the link between the recognition and production of orthographic features. PS's performance is similar to GS's on orthographic judgments and for spelling they produce the same type of errors, showing GS and PS are sensitive to the underlying regularities of the orthography. However, PS produced more errors overall compared to GS. It seems that GS passed the level of automatic use of the most prominent response, whereas PS use the dominant responses as default spelling. In the last study, the emphasis was on GS and PS in French after two years of instruction in grade 4. GS and PS were re-classified to new groups according to their spelling performance in French. GS in French used more French specific phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences in a nonword dictation than PS. PS in French used more German phoneme-to-grapheme correspondences in the French and German nonword dictation. It seems that PS in French rely more on the phoneme-grapheme correspondences of the first acquired and thus dominant language (German). In the general discussion, the previously presented results are summarized and a theoretical model of bilingual spelling is proposed. / Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

La recherche portant sur l'entrée dans l'écrit chez des enfants de L1 a révélé la présence d'étapes témoignant de l'appropriation des différentes dimensions de l'écriture. Or, les écrits ont révélé que le contexte socio-culturel et la L1 peuvent influencer l'entrée dans l'écrit en L2. Ainsi, le développement de l'écrit d'enfants allophones intégrés au système d'éducation québécois pourrait s'opérer différemment de celui des enfants francophones et c'est ce que cette étude, inspirée de celle de Morin (2002), visait à déterminer. L'analyse des productions écrites, sollicitées par deux tâches d'orthographes approchées, et des commentaires métagraphiques recueillis a permis de catégoriser nos sujets en différents types de scripteurs selon leur traitement de l'écriture. Les résultats indiquent que les sujets allophones, tout comme les sujets francophones, acquièrent le français écrit selon le modèle de développement mixte établi par Morin (2002). La langue parlée à la maison n'aurait donc pas influencé l'entrée dans l'écrit de nos élèves allophones.