Objectives. To identify treatment indications for symptomatic and asymptomatic Florid Cemento- Osseous Dysplasia in adult patients. To explore the relationship between clinical variables, demographics, and radiographic findings. Methods. A systematic review was conducted by an independent investigator using the electronic databases, PubMed, ProQuest, Embase, Web of Science, Dentistry and Oral Sciences Database (DOSS) and TRIP databases to identify cohort, retrospective, and cross-sectional studies on Florid Cemento-Osseous dysplasia treatment options in adults from 2001-2022. Inclusion criteria for this systematic review included: studies must be in English; open-access; published between 2001-2021. The PRISMA guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal checklist were used for reporting and quality assessment of each study. Results. From initial 122 studies, 11 fit the criteria and were analyzed for this systematic review. Black females were reported to have significant presentation for FCOD. Mean age of patients was 40 years old. Eight studies reported symptoms as clinical presentation of FCOD, making it the most common. Six studies reported swelling and three studies reported infection. Five studies recommended surgical treatment in symptomatic patients with disturbances around the lesions such as, presence of necrotic bone, secondary infection, or neoplasia. Treatment of asymptomatic FCOD or biopsies were contraindicated in all studies but one, while dental prophylaxis was recommended. Conclusion. For cases of Asymptomatic FCOD, dental prophylaxis and monitoring were the most common treatment options provided. According to existing literature, symptomatic FCOD may be treated through curettage, blood stimulation, or pulp vitality testing of specific areas with periapical inflammation. Continued dental prophylaxis and monitoring were the most common treatment options suggested. More research should be done using experimental and clinical trials to explore proper treatment options for symptomatic and asymptomatic FCOD to draw clear consensus. / Oral Biology

Objectives: This project explores the demographic and clinical presentation of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD), and their pathognomonic radiographic features. Methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected from the charts of 118 subjects with COD from the Oral Radiology archives. Using a systematic objective survey instrument, 3 general dentists (GP) and 3 oral radiologists (RG) reviewed 50 image sets of COD and similarly-appearing entities. Participants were asked to identify radiographic features and to make a diagnosis based on the images provided. Results: The majority of cases occurred in clinically asymptomatic females in their fifth decade. RGs identified a well-defined border, radiolucent periphery, bilateral occurrence, mixed radiolucent/radiopaque internal structure, and association with anterior and posterior teeth as key features, correctly interpreting 79.3% of COD cases. The absence of root resorption and an association with anterior and posterior teeth were the only key features that guided GPs to correctly interpret 38.7% of COD cases.

Objectives: This project explores the demographic and clinical presentation of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD), and their pathognomonic radiographic features. Methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected from the charts of 118 subjects with COD from the Oral Radiology archives. Using a systematic objective survey instrument, 3 general dentists (GP) and 3 oral radiologists (RG) reviewed 50 image sets of COD and similarly-appearing entities. Participants were asked to identify radiographic features and to make a diagnosis based on the images provided. Results: The majority of cases occurred in clinically asymptomatic females in their fifth decade. RGs identified a well-defined border, radiolucent periphery, bilateral occurrence, mixed radiolucent/radiopaque internal structure, and association with anterior and posterior teeth as key features, correctly interpreting 79.3% of COD cases. The absence of root resorption and an association with anterior and posterior teeth were the only key features that guided GPs to correctly interpret 38.7% of COD cases.

Hodgkin lymphoma with symptomatic osseous involvement can have a similar presentation to osteomyelitis. Common findings in symptoms, laboratory workup, and imaging can make it very difficult to distinguish between the two diseases. Excisional biopsy should be pursued if fine-needle biopsy is equivocal and suspicion of lymphoma is high. We report a case of a 40-year-old man who presented with a history of marine animal sting on his neck and later developed erythema in the area, chest pain, constitutional symptoms, adenopathy, and imaging classic for sternal osteomyelitis. Fortunately, initial biopsy prompted the possibility of lymphoma, and further workup was initiated, which confirmed Hodgkin lymphoma. This case is a good reminder that malignancies and infections can share many common features, and keeping a broad differential diagnosis can be lifesaving. Proper staging and risk stratification of Hodgkin lymphoma help determine the optimal treatment. (C) 2017 The Author(s) Published by S. Karger AG, Basel

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Aim: To compare osseous changes in the mandibular condyles in patients presenting to the Oral Health Center, Tygerburg Campus, with and without clicking of the temporomandibular joint. Background: Clicking of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is not a normal occurrence in its form or function. A chronic click may lead to the development of osteoarthritis. A clinical finding of clicking of the joint can reflect osseous changes of the bony structures and form part of the early signs of degenerative joint diseases. These osseous changes can be detected on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images. The purpose of this study is to confirm the presence osseous changes of the joint and institute the early management of these patients. Failure to intervene in the early stages could result in disease progression to possible osteoarthritis. CBCT imaging will be used to assess osseous changes in the temporomandibular joints with reference to erosions, flattening, lipping, sclerosis and osteophyte formation. Materials and methods: 25 patient records were selected for a control group and 25 patients that attended the Oral Health center were screened for asymptomatic clicking of the temporomandibular joints. Osseous changes of the 100 condyles were examined by the author and a senior member of the department. Changes were recorded when consensus was reached on the presence of any changes. Cone Beam Computed Tomography was used to assess the joints in both groups. Results: Age and gender showed no statistical significance between the 2 groups. The proportion of ‘yes’ for the variables showed that sclerosis (right) was statistically significant when comparing case versus control groups (P = 0.002). A chi-squared test applied to the data resulted in observed chi-square = 15.68, df = 1, p-value = 7.501e-05, (<0.0001) confirming that the discrimination is statistically significant. Conclusion: Osseous changes were found in both the control and case group. The case group exhibited equal or greater prevalence of osseous changes. Patients with asymptomatic click of the temporomandibular joints demonstrate osseous changes.

Identification of osseous materials is generally established on gross anatomical factors; however, highly fragmented or taphonomically altered materials are often problematic and alternative methods, such as biological, histological, or chemical analysis, must be utilized. Recently, chemical methods have been proposed to sort unknown materials according to their Ca/P ratios. Ubelaker and colleagues (2002) proposed using SEM/EDX to achieve this distinction and Christensen and colleagues (2012) have validated X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) for this application. An alternative method of analysis involves performing principal component analysis (PCA) on element spectra to classify unknown materials based on their trace element composition. Zimmerman (2013) proposed the validity of this method with data obtained using hand held XRF. Subsequently, performing PCA on elemental data obtained using SEM/EDX demonstrates potential for material differentiation. Elemental weight percent data were collected using SEM/EDX then processed in R, version 3.0.1, by the R Foundation for Statistical Computing using PCA and Fisher Linear Discriminant Analysis. A two-tiered analysis was undertaken to improve discrimination between sample groups. The first tier involved distinguishing between osseous and non-osseous materials. After outliers were removed overall correct classification was 98.02% with one of 1504 osseous and 39 of 520 non-osseous spectra misclassifying. Since forty spectra were collected for each sample, the single misclassifying spectra would not affect the overall classification of the sample, resulting in 100% correct classification with a 0% error rate for the osseous samples. The second tier assessed differentiation of human and non-human osseous materials but demonstrated a poor correct classification rate of 72.41%. Finally, a blind study was conducted using 20 samples to assess the applicability for using this method to classify unknown materials as osseous or non-osseous. All of the samples were correctly classified resulting in 100% correct classification, further demonstrating the efficiency of SEM/EDX and statistical analysis for differentiation of osseous and non-osseous materials. Due to its high specificity, small sample requirements, and relative non-destructive testing protocol, as well as its presence in most modern crime laboratories, SEM/EDX has been proposed as a laboratory method for chemical differentiation of osseous and non-osseous materials. Additionally, the proposed method does not require advanced training or knowledge of analytical chemistry as the SEM/EDX provides clear results that can be processed using publically available statistical analysis software. By assessing and improving chemical analysis methodologies used for material differentiation, forensic anthropologists might be able to identify osseous and non-osseous samples as a preemptive step in forensic investigations involving fragmentary and taphonomically modified materials, reducing time and cost investments spent on forensically insignificant samples.

Projectile points manufactured from antler, bone, ivory, and horn were a significant component of the Pleistocene hunter-gatherer’s weapons toolkit. While this situation appears to have been particularly the case for Upper Palaeolithic Europe where thousands of implements from Aurignacian to Azilian contexts have been recovered, elements of osseous technologies are increasingly being identified in Africa, Asia, Australia and North America. Projectile weaponry tipped with osseous raw materials therefore constitute a major dataset for the investigation of technological, subsistence, and social aspects of various and numerous Pleistocene populations. Having once been described as ‘impossible to evaluate’, investigation of maintenance and discard patterns for osseous projectile point assemblages has been severely neglected in the archaeological literature. As previous work has generally been restricted to qualitative descriptions of single artefacts exhibiting clear signs of rejuvenation or recycling, our knowledge of ‘the keeping’ of these toolkits is therefore extraordinarily limited. This thesis addresses this imbalance through beginning to build a robust methodology for investigating the maintenance, recycling, and discard of osseous projectile weaponry. More than 4,000 whole and fragmentary barbed and unbarbed osseous projectile points recovered from 25 Middle to Late Magdalenian sites located throughout France and southern Germany were examined, and through employing a multi-faceted approach incorporating metric analyses, statistics, use wear analysis, and the examination of contemporaneous depictions of weaponry, inter-site and inter-regional differences in maintenance and discard patterns were successfully identified. These results are discussed from a regional perspective in order to articulate these new data into interpretations of wider Magdalenian economic and social organisation.

Magister Scientiae Dentium - MSc(Dent) / Ossifying fibroma (OF) is the most frequent of the three fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws. It occurs mostly in patients between the age of 20 and 40 years. Females are more commonly affected than males. Clinically, OF usually presents as a painless expansive intra-bony mass. Swelling and pain may be present in some cases while some lesions are discovered incidentally. Radiographically, OF is usually well-defined and unilocular or multilocular. Early lesions present as well-defined radiolucency that are small in size. Over time, the lesions tend to enlarge in size and become mixed radiolucent-radiopaque and finally become completely radiopaque. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and radiological features of ossifying fibroma presenting at the Departments of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Diagnostics and Radiology, University of the Western Cape Oral Health Centre as well as to assess its management and recurrence patterns. A retrospective case series analysis was performed of all histopathologically diagnosed ossifying fibroma cases available at the Departments of Maxillo-Facial and Oral Surgery and Diagnostics and Radiology at the Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape from 1976-2014. Patient's age, gender and ethnicity were recorded. The clinical presentation of the lesion as well as the history was analyzed. Radiographic features including density, size, shape, location, locularity and its effect on adjacent structures was noted. Management of each case and follow-up was also documented. A total 61 cases were included in the study. The majority of patients were females (63.9%) and below 40 years of age (73.9%). Few cases were symptomatic (29.5%) with an average period 22 months from first symptoms to presentation. The mandibular posterior region was most affected (55.5%) while larger lesions occurred more frequently in younger patients. Majority of lesions were radiopaque (49.2%) and had well-defined margins (93.6%). Most cases were managed by surgical curettage (68.2%). Following an average follow-up period of 20 months only one case recurred (recurrence rate =6.7%). In conclusion, the majority of the clinical and radiographic findings of ossifying fibroma were similar in South African patients as those of other populations. Differences include that the lesions in this population were more radio-opaque and larger in size than in the reported literature. Surgical curettage is an acceptable management protocol with low rate of recurrence.

No / This chapter summarises AHRC/EPSRC Science and Heritage Programme-funded research to develop a digital resource to disseminate knowledge of the identification of osseous and keratinous animal hard tissues. The choice of materials in the manufacture of individual artefacts or classes of objects can make a major contribution to understanding their cultural significance and questions of provenance or authenticity. This resource builds on understanding gained through a Fellowship to O’Connor in developing, evaluating and validating identification criteria for these materials in raw, worked and decayed states. The resource concentrates on the non-destructive visual methods of particular relevance to the examination of artworks, historic and archaeological artefacts. The chapter highlights the potential of various visualisation methods and digital technologies to capture and combine 2D images and 3D models and guide the viewer through the multi-scalar visual cues of each material to a reliable identification. By accessing a range of collections, the project has produced a comprehensive and accessible resource, disseminating these findings more widely than could be achieved by a physical reference collection. This resource supports the identification of cultural heritage objects for conservation scientists and heritage professionals and informs the fight against the illegal hunting and trafficking of rare and endangered species. / VAHT was funded through an AHRC-EPSRC Science and Heritage Programme Research Development Award (AH/K006169/1) that developed directly from Sonia O'Connor's AHRC/EPSRC Science & Heritage Programme Fellowship (AH/H032150/1)—Cultural Materials Worked in Skeletal Hard Tissues (COWISHT).

Orientador: Wirley Gonçalves Assunção / Coorientador: Cristiane Duque / Banca: Leonardo Perez Faverani / Banca: Valetin Adelino Ricardo Barão / Resumo: O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar, in vitro, a corrosão em diferentes superfícies de Titânio comercialmente puro-Grau 4 (Ticp-G4) em função do efeito de biofilme bacteriano de Enterococcus faecalis. 57 discos foram utilizados divididos aleatoriamente de acordo com a superfície (n=19): Grupo I superfície usinada (USI); Grupo II superfície texturizada por duplo ataque ácido (D.A.) e Grupo III superfície texturizada por duplo ataque ácido e jateamento por zircônia (D.A.Zir). Para análise microbiológica (n=9), os discos foram posicionados em placas de 24 poços contendo cultura de Enterococcus faecalis à 1.5 x 105 células/mL em meio BHI caldo e incubados por 168 horas (7 dias) a 37° C. Após este período os discos foram removidos e as bactérias aderidas em sua superfície foram avaliadas por meio de contagem de Unidades Formadora de Colônias/mL (UFC/mL). Para análise corrosiva (n=5), novos espécimes foram inoculados da mesma forma em cultura de E. faecalis e após 7 dias, estes foram destinados ao ensaio eletroquímico por meio de espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE), utilizando como eletrólitos BHI e biofilme e BHI caldo estéril. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise estatística: microbiológico (ANOVA com pós teste Tukey; 5%) e ensaio eletroquímico (ANOVA 2 Fatores e pós teste Tukey 5%). Na avaliação da contagem celular bacteriana, somente D.A.Zir (média 34 UFC/ml) diferiu de USI (média 16 UFC/ml) (p = 0,034), mas não de D.A. (24 UFC/ml). Na espectroscopia de impedân... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vitro, the corrosion in different surfaces of Titanium commercially pure-Grade 4 (Ticp-G4) as a function of the bacterial biofilm effect of Enterococcus faecalis. 57 disks were randomly divided according to the surface (n = 19): Group I machined surface (USI); Group IIsurface textured by double acid attack (D.A.) and Group III surface textured by double acid etching and zirconia (D.A.Zir). For microbiological analysis (n = 9), the discs were positioned in 24-well plates containing Enterococcus faecalis culture at 1.5 x 10 5 cells / ml in broth BHI medium and incubated for 168 hours (7 days) at 37 ° C. period the discs were removed and the bacteria adhered on its surface were evaluated by means of Colony Forming Units / mL (CFU / mL) counts. For corrosive analysis (n = 5), new specimens were inoculated in the same way in E. faecalis culture and after 7 days, they were destined to the electrochemical test by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (IEE) using BHI and biofilm electrolytes and BHI sterile broth. The results were submitted to statistical analysis: microbiological (ANOVA with Tukey post test, 5%) and electrochemical test (ANOVA 2 Factors and post test Tukey 5%). In the evaluation of bacterialcell count, only D.A.Zir (mean 34 CFU / ml) differed from USI (mean 16 CFU / ml) (p = 0.034), but not D.A. (24 CFU / ml). In electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, for Nyquist and BODE, the D.A.Zir (Biofilm) group showed ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre