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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Nitric oxide regulation of bone metabolism

Mancini, Lucia January 2000 (has links)
No description available.
2

Investigating the role of CCN1, CCN2, and CCN6 in osteoclast and osteoblast physiology

Wang, Wen January 2012 (has links)
CCN protein family members (CYR61, CTGF, Nov, Wisp-1, Wisp-2 and Wisp-3) have important roles in many different processes including angiogenesis, inflammation, remodelling of extracellular matrix and tumorigenesis. In bone, CCN1 increases osteoblastogenesis via Wnt3A signalling and activation of -catenin which, in turn, upregulates CCN1 expression. The exact role of CCN1, CCN2, and CCN6 in osteoclast physiology are not known but we have recently shown that recombinant human (rh)CCN1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine: 1) the expressions of all six members of the CCN protein family in osteoblasts and osteoclasts; 2) the functions of recombinant human CCN2, CCN6 in osteoclastogenesis; 3) whether osteoblast-derived CCN1 may mediate the effect of CCN1 on osteoclast formation and the roles of osteoblast-derived CCN1 and/or osteoclast-derived CCN1 in osteoblast and/or osteoclast differentiation; 4) which signalling pathways are involved in the function of CCN1 in osteoclasts and osteoblasts. We found CCN1-5 but not CCN6 expressed in murine osteoclasts and osteoblasts. All six members were expressed in human OA osteoblasts but only CCN1-3 were detected in human osteoclasts using quantitative RT-PCR. rhCCN1 (in agreement with our previous observations), and also 2 and 6 inhibited human and mouse osteoclast formation in a concentration-dependent manner. We generated and validated an expression construct to specifically overexpress CCN1 in osteoblasts. Incorporation of CCN1-specific siRNA reduced CCN1 expression to between 12.5% and 50% of control osteoblast cultures. In both co-cultures with direct contact between osteoblasts and osteoclast co-cultures as well as Transwell cultures, overexpression of CCN1 in osteoblasts decreased the formation of TRAP positive multinucleated osteoclast-like cells, while siRNA mediated knockdown of CCN1 in the osteoblasts resulted in increased osteoclast-like cell formation. These data suggest that osteoblast-derived CCN1 is a secreted negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis. Moreover, overexpression or knockdown of CCN1 in osteoclast precursors inhibited or increased osteoclast differentiation whilst overexpression or knockdown CCN1 in osteoblasts increased or inhibited osteoblast mineralization respectively. Further investigation found that CCN1 increased Wnt and MAPK signalling in osteoblasts cultured in mineralization medium and inhibited Wnt and IGF-1 signalling during osteoclast differentiation. In conclusion, paracrine and autocrine effects of CCN1 have been demonstrated in osteoclasts and osteoblasts in this study and Wnt, MAPK, amd IGF-1 signalling pathways, may be involved in these effects.
3

The role of Rab GTPases in osteoclasts

Taylor, Adam. January 2009 (has links)
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Aberdeen University, 2009. / Title from web page (viewed on Jan. 5, 2010). Includes bibliographical references.
4

The role of Rab GTPases in osteoclasts

Taylor, Adam January 2009 (has links)
Bisphosphonates are the most widely prescribed anti-resorptive agents and work by preventing the post-translational modification (prenylation) of small GTPases in osteoclasts, subsequently leading to cell death by apoptosis.  Phosphonocarboxylate analogues of bisphosphonates also have anti-resorptive activity and work by inhibiting the enzyme Rab GGTase, thereby preventing the prenylation of Rab GTPases specifically.  Rab GTPases comprise a large family of related proteins that coordinate vesicular trafficking, which involves the processing, transportation and delivery of cellular cargo in a strict temporal and spatial manner.  In osteoclasts, vesicular trafficking is vital for the formation of the ruffled border (the resorptive organelle of the cell), the delivery of lytic enzymes and acid into the resorption space, and the uptake and disposal of bone degradation products.  However, the role that specific Rabs play in this functionally unique cell type remains poorly defined, and the Rab expression profile in osteoclasts is incomplete.  The work presented here aimed to increase our understanding of the role that Rabs play in osteoclasts.  Results indicate that the 70% reduction of Rab GGTase activity observed in <i>gunmetal </i>mice is detrimental to the activity of osteoclasts and osteoblasts <i>in vitro</i>, therefore highlighting the importance of Rabs for bone resorption and deposition.  Furthermore, this study is the first to determine the Rab expression profile of human osteoclasts, following a proteomic approach, and describes the transfection methods devised to characterise these candidate Rabs in osteoclasts.  Finally, this study details the characterisation of Rab18 in human osteoclasts, following its discovery during proteomic analysis.
5

Studies of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) regulation and function in vivo

Lu, Yongbo. Feng, Jian Q. January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (Ph. D.)--School of Dentistry. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2003. / "A dissertation in oral biology and molecular biology and biochemistry." Advisor: Jian Q. Feng. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed July 16, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-121). Online version of the print edition.
6

Osteoclasts control osteoblast chemotaxis via PDGF-BB/PDGF receptor beta signaling

Hoflack, Bernard, Jurdic, Pierre, Riedl, Thilo, Gallois, Anne, Sanchez-Fernandez, Maria Arantzazu 26 November 2015 (has links)
BACKGROUND: Bone remodeling relies on the tightly regulated interplay between bone forming osteoblasts and bone digesting osteoclasts. Several studies have now described the molecular mechanisms by which osteoblasts control osteoclastogenesis and bone degradation. It is currently unclear whether osteoclasts can influence bone rebuilding. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Using in vitro cell systems, we show here that mature osteoclasts, but not their precursors, secrete chemotactic factors recognized by both mature osteoblasts and their precursors. Several growth factors whose expression is upregulated during osteoclastogenesis were identified by DNA microarrays as candidates mediating osteoblast chemotaxis. Our subsequent functional analyses demonstrate that mature osteoclasts, whose platelet-derived growth factor bb (PDGF-bb) expression is reduced by siRNAs, exhibit a reduced capability of attracting osteoblasts. Conversely, osteoblasts whose platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFR-beta) expression is reduced by siRNAs exhibit a lower capability of responding to chemotactic factors secreted by osteoclasts. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that, in vitro mature osteoclasts control osteoblast chemotaxis via PDGF-bb/PDGFR-beta signaling. This may provide one key mechanism by which osteoclasts control bone formation in vivo.
7

In vitro Differenzierung von Monozyten der Zelllinine RAW 264.7 zu Osteoklasten, deren Charakterisierung und Wechselwirkung mit Osteoblasten

Lesky, Thomas 27 June 2006 (has links)
Das RANKL/RANK/OPG-System spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in der Steuerung der Osteoklastendifferenzierung und -aktivierung durch Osteoblasten/ Knochenmarkbindegewebszellen im Rahmen des Knochenremodelings. Osteoblasten/Knochenmarkbindegewebszellen exprimieren RANKL. Dieses hat im Körper zwei Rezeptoren: RANK und OPG. RANKL kann durch Bindung an RANK auf Osteoklasten/Osteoklastenvorläuferzellen in Gegenwart von M-CSF seine osteoklastenstimulierende Wirkung entfalten. Der ebenfalls von Osteoblasten gebildete „decoy“-Rezeptor OPG blockiert als freies Protein durch Bindung an RANKL dessen Interaktion mit RANK und verhindert somit die Osteoklastogenese und Osteoklastenaktivierung. Das RANKL/RANK/OPG-System erfüllt im Körper noch weitere Funktionen im Immunsystem, in der Organentwicklung lymphatischer Gewebe und in der Entwicklung der laktierenden Brustdrüse. Viele Zytokine greifen hemmend oder aktivierend in die Osteoklastogenese ein. Sie können dies zum einen durch die Beeinflussung des RANKL/OPG-Verhältnisses, zum anderen durch direkte Interaktion mit Osteoklasten/Osteoklastenvorläuferzellen tun. Zytokine, die die Osteoklastogenese begünstigen, werden vor allem bei inflammatorischen Prozessen ausgeschüttet. Zusammen mit dem, bei diesen Zuständen von aktivierten T-Zellen produzierten RANKL kann dies längerfristig zu einem Knochenverlust führen, welcher sich im klinischen Bild der Osteoporose äußert. Aus den in der vorliegenden Dissertation durchgeführten Untersuchungen ergeben sich folgende Schlussfolgerungen: 1. Monozyten der Zelllinie RAW 264.7 lassen sich, wie bereits in der Literatur beschrieben, durch Zugabe von M-CSF und RANKL zu osteoklastenähnlichen Zellen differenzieren. 2. Die Osteoklastogenese lässt sich anhand der Veränderung verschiedener osteoklastenspezifischer Parameter charakterisieren. Es zeigt sich bei den mit M-CSF und RANKL stimulierten Monozyten eine erhöhte Transkription von CTR (Calcitoninrezeptor)- und TRAP (tartratresistente saure Phosphatase)-mRNA, eine erhöhte Expression des CTR-Proteins, eine erhöhte TRAP-Aktivität und eine Formierung TRAP-positiver mehrkerniger Riesenzellen, die in diesen Eigenschaften Osteoklasten entsprechen. Die zusätzliche Zugabe von TGF-b1 in Kombination mit M-CSF und RANKL resultiert in einer verstärkten Expression von CTR-mRNA und CTR-Protein. TRAP-mRNA-Expression und TRAP-Aktivität bleiben davon unbeeinflusst. 3. Als funktionelles Merkmal der in vitro differenzierten Osteoklasten können ihre Fähigkeit zur Ausbildung von Aktinringen und die Resorption von mineralisiertem Kollagen nachgewiesen werden. 4. Im Verlauf ihrer Differenzierung sekretieren Osteoblasten unterschiedliche Mengen an OPG. Das Maximum der Synthese liegt bei Tag 11. Freies RANKL lässt sich in Überständen von MC3T3-E1-Osteoblasten nicht nachweisen. 5. Das von Osteoblasten in das Medium abgegebene OPG ist in der Lage, die durch RANKL induzierte Osteoklastogenese von RAW-Monozyten zu hemmen. 6. In Kokulturen von MC3T3-E1-Osteoblasten und RAW-Monozyten kann keine Osteoklastogenese beobachtet werden, wahrscheinlich durch Fehlen der RANKLExprimierung oder zu starke OPG-Sekretion durch Osteoblasten. Besonders in der westlichen Welt mit ihrer hohen Lebenserwartung haben Krankheiten mit Knochenverlust sowie bösartige Neubildungen mit Knochenbefall eine große medizinische Bedeutung. Die Beeinflussung des RANKL/RANK/OPG-Systems bietet eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit zur Entwicklung hochwirksamer und nebenwirkungsarmer Medikamente zur Behandlung dieser Zustände.

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