• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 112
  • 54
  • 6
  • 5
  • 3
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 197
  • 110
  • 53
  • 44
  • 32
  • 32
  • 32
  • 30
  • 29
  • 27
  • 21
  • 18
  • 18
  • 15
  • 15
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Preoperative Tibial Plateau Leveling Osteotomy Planning Using the Conventional and Common Tangent Methods: A Cadaveric Study

Davis, Anastacia Marie 21 May 2020 (has links)
Objective - To compare preoperative tibial plateau leveling osteotomy planning using the common tangent method to the current conventional method and evaluate the effect on tibial translation and patellar ligament angle following rotation of the tibial plateau. Study Design – Cadaveric study. Seven paired canine pelvic limbs. Methods- Radiographs of the stifle were taken at 135° of extension prior to and following rotation of the tibial plateau under load (0N and 30N). The tibial plateau of each limb was rotated both according to the common tangent and conventional method. Tibial plateau angle (TPA), tibial translation, and the patellar ligament angles (PLA) were measured radiographically following rotation of the tibial plateau. Results- There was no significant difference between planning methods with regards to the amount of rotation of the tibial plateau or position of the tibia relative to the femur following rotation. There was no significant association between the postoperative tibial plateau angle and position of the tibia relative to the femur between groups. There was no significant difference between the patellar ligament angles following rotation based on the common tangent or conventional method preoperative TPLO planning. Conclusion- Both the conventional and common tangent TPLO planning results in adequate proximal tibial rotation to achieve a PLA of approximately 90°, thereby counteracting the compressive shear forces during ambulation. The TPA for both groups following rotation had no significant impact on the amount of cranial or caudal tibial translation relative to the femur. / Master of Science / Cranial cruciate ligament disease is one of the most common diseases of the stifle in dogs, and causes great discomfort. The tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) procedure is designed to change the geometry of the tibia's articular surface, such that the femur no longer slides in a caudal direction during weight bearing. Conventional methods of planning do not consider the curved anatomical surface of the tibial condyles, but rather treat the condyles like a flat surface. The goal of this study was to compare the current conventional planning methods with a new technique, the common tangent method, and to evaluate if the common tangent method improves accuracy and tibial translation after surgery. Results of this study show that there was no statistically significant difference in rotation and tibial position between the two planning groups. However, it was found that the common tangent method consistently required less rotation of the tibial articular surface than the conventional method, but still achieved similar postoperative tibial translation. This implies that there may be overcorrection when performing the TPLO under the current conventional method, which could predispose the patients to strain on the caudal cruciate ligament and patellar ligament leading to discomfort. The common tangent method is a feasible way of planning for a TPLO procedure, and shows potential utility in cases where excessive tibial rotation would otherwise cause increased risk for complications or necessitate a more complex procedure.
82

Computational Modeling to Assess Surgical Procedures for the Treatment of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity

Smith, Brian A 01 January 2015 (has links)
Several surgically corrective procedures are considered to treat Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) patients, relieve pain, and restore function. Procedure selection is based on best practices and surgeon preference. Recent research created patient specific models of Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (AAFD) to explore their predictive capabilities and examine effectiveness of the surgical procedure used to treat the deformity. The models’ behavior was governed solely by patient bodyweight, soft tissue constraints, and joint contact without the assumption of idealized joints. The current work expanded those models to determine if an alternate procedure would be more effective for the individual. These procedures included one hindfoot procedure, the Medializing Calcaneal Osteotomy (MCO), and one of three lateral column procedures: Evans osteotomy, Calcaneocuboid Distraction Arthrodesis (CCDA), Z osteotomy and the combination procedures MCO & Evans osteotomy, MCO & CCDA, and MCO & Z osteotomy all used in combination with a tendon transfer. The combination MCO & Evans and MCO & Z procedures were shown to provide the greatest amount of correction for both forefoot abduction and hindfoot valgus. However, these two procedures significantly increased the joint contact force, specifically at the calcaneocuboid joint, and ground reaction force along the lateral column. With exception to the lateral bands of the plantar fascia and middle spring ligament, the strain present in the plantar fascia, spring, and deltoid ligaments decreased after all procedures. The use of patient specific computational models provided the ability to investigate effects of alternate surgical corrections on restoring biomechanical function in flatfoot patients.
83

Avaliação biomecânica comparativa de duas técnicas de osteotomia varizante proximal do fêmur: estudo em cadáveres de cães / Comparative biomechanical assessment of two techniques of proximal femoral varus osteotomy. Study in cadavers of dogs

Lins, Bruno Testoni 23 March 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo compara uma nova técnica de osteotomia varizante em cúpula à tradicional osteotomia intertrocantérica varizante do fêmur em cadáveres de cães. Foram utilizados 10 pares de fêmures, provenientes de cães eutanasiados por razões independentes do presente estudo. Os espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo a técnica empregada e avaliados radiograficamente para mensuração do comprimento femoral e valores de ângulo de inclinação do colo femoral, ângulo femoral proximal lateral mecânico, ângulo femoral proximal lateral anatômico, ângulo femoral distal lateral mecânico, ângulo femoral distal lateral anatômico e ângulo de anteversão do colo femoral. Posteriormente, foram realizados os ensaios mecânicos para determinação da resistência em ambos os grupos. As avaliações radiográficas demonstraram a efetividade de ambos os métodos na varização do fêmur proximal. A técnica de osteotomia varizante em cúpula mostrou valores de resistência mecânica e modo de falência dos implantes empregados na osteossíntese comparados à técnica de osteotomia intertrocantérica varizante em cunha. Os testes biomecânicos demonstram a exeqüibilidade da técnica de osteotomia varizante em cúpula como alternativa ao tratamento da displasia coxofemoral em cães / The present study compares a new varus dome osteotomy technique to the traditional femoral varus intertrochanteric osteotomy in dogs. Ten pairs of femurs were used from dogs euthanized due to reasons unrelated to our study. The specimens were divided in two groups according to the technique and radiographically assessed to measure femoral length and femoral neck inclination angle, mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle, anatomical lateral proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, anatomical lateral distal femoral angle and femoral neck anteversion angle values. Mechanical assays were then performed to determine resistance in both groups. The radiographic assessments showed the effectiveness of both methods in varization of the canine proximal femur. The varus dome osteotomy technique showed mechanical resistance values and failure mechanism of the systems similar when compared to varus wedge intertrochanteric osteotomy. The biomechanical tests demonstrated the varus dome osteotomy technique feasibility as an alternative for coxofemoral dysplasia treatment in dogs
84

Comparação entre iniciar a cirurgia pela mandíbula ou pela maxila na correção do excesso maxilar vertical: estudo retrospectivo / Sequencing of bimaxillary surgery in the correction of vertical maxillary excess: retrospective study

Salmen, Fued Samir [UNESP] 02 February 2017 (has links)
Submitted by FUED SAMIR SALMEN null (drfued@icloud.com) on 2017-02-21T18:50:10Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese Fued Final.pdf: 11040704 bytes, checksum: beabe0fff11bde78e21ae9af617233af (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-24T18:54:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 salmen_fs_dr_arafo.pdf: 11040704 bytes, checksum: beabe0fff11bde78e21ae9af617233af (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T18:54:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 salmen_fs_dr_arafo.pdf: 11040704 bytes, checksum: beabe0fff11bde78e21ae9af617233af (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-02 / O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a precisão de procedimentos bimaxilares realizados para correção de excesso maxilar vertical, quando a cirurgia é iniciada pelo reposicionamento mandibular ou pelo reposicionamento maxilar. Foram incluídos no estudo 32 prontuários de pacientes, divididos em dois grupos de dezesseis. O primeiro grupo (Grupo 1) de pacientes foi submetido a cirurgia bimaxilar com a sequência clássica do procedimento, no qual a maxila foi reposicionada primeiro que a mandíbula. O segundo grupo (Grupo 2) de pacientes sofreu alteração desta sequência, na qual a mandíbula foi reposicionada primeiro que a maxila. A mensuração para determinar a precisão do reposicionamento dos maxilares foi realizada por sobreposição, pela base do crânio, os traçados obtidos de uma telerradiografia lateral realizada com, no máximo, 30 dias de pós-operatório e os traçados de planejamento. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste t pareado para verificar a diferença entre os valores previstos e os obtidos em cada grupo. O teste t de Student para amostras independentes foi utilizado para comparar o erro de previsão entre os dois grupos. Na amostra estudada, ambas as sequências operatórias permitiram precisão satisfatória. O erro de previsão para as variáveis incisal do incisivo superior (IIS), Ponto A e cúspide mesiovestibular do molar inferior (6i Oclusal), no sentido vertical, foi maior para o Grupo 2, quando comparado ao Grupo 1. O erro de previsão no sentido vertical para o Pogônio (P) foi menor quando a cirurgia foi iniciada pela mandíbula. Em conclusão, embora ambas as sequências cirúrgicas possam ser utilizadas, iniciar a cirurgia pela mandíbula provocou maior imprecisão em relação ao traçado preditivo do que iniciar a cirurgia pela maxila. A sequência clássica, reposicionando a maxila primeiro, resultou em maior precisão no reposicionamento vertical do ponto A, bem como da incisal do incisivo superior e, portanto, da maxila, do ponto de vista estético. Iniciar a cirurgia pela mandíbula permitiu maior precisão na posição vertical do pogônio. / This study aims to evaluate the precision of bimaxillary surgery performed to correct vertical maxillary excess, when the procedure is sequenced by mandibular surgery first or maxillary surgery first. Thirty-two patients were included in this retrospective study, divided into two groups. The first group was composed by patients who received bimaxillary surgery following the classic sequence of repositioning the maxilla first. In the second group patients received bimaxillary surgery by operating the mandible first. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Precision of the maxillo-mandibular repositioning was measured by superimposing, through the cranial base, digital postoperative tracings taken at a maximum of 30 days after surgery to the prediction tracings. The paired t test was used to determine the difference between predicted and obtained values for each group. The Student’s t test for independent samples was applied to compare the prediction error between groups. In this sample, both surgical sequences provided adequate clinical accuracy. The classical sequence, repositioning the maxilla first, resulted in greater accuracy of A point, lower first molar and incisor edge vertical position. Repositioning the mandible first allowed greater precision in the vertical position of pogonion. In conclusion, although both surgical sequences may be used, repositioning the mandible first will result in greater imprecision in relation to the predictive tracing, than repositioning the maxilla first. The classical sequence resulted in greater accuracy in the vertical position of the maxilla, which is key for esthetics. Repositioning the mandible first allowed greater accuracy for the vertical position of pogonion.
85

Comparação entre iniciar a cirurgia pela mandíbula ou pela maxila na correção do excesso maxilar vertical : estudo retrospectivo /

Salmen, Fued Samir. January 2017 (has links)
Orientador: Mario Francisco Real [UNESP] Gabrielli / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo retrospectivo foi avaliar a precisão de procedimentos bimaxilares realizados para correção de excesso maxilar vertical, quando a cirurgia é iniciada pelo reposicionamento mandibular ou pelo reposicionamento maxilar. Foram incluídos no estudo 32 prontuários de pacientes, divididos em dois grupos de dezesseis. O primeiro grupo (Grupo 1) de pacientes foi submetido a cirurgia bimaxilar com a sequência clássica do procedimento, no qual a maxila foi reposicionada primeiro que a mandíbula. O segundo grupo (Grupo 2) de pacientes sofreu alteração desta sequência, na qual a mandíbula foi reposicionada primeiro que a maxila. A mensuração para determinar a precisão do reposicionamento dos maxilares foi realizada por sobreposição, pela base do crânio, os traçados obtidos de uma telerradiografia lateral realizada com, no máximo, 30 dias de pós-operatório e os traçados de planejamento. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste t pareado para verificar a diferença entre os valores previstos e os obtidos em cada grupo. O teste t de Student para amostras independentes foi utilizado para comparar o erro de previsão entre os dois grupos. Na amostra estudada, ambas as sequências operatórias permitiram precisão satisfatória. O erro de previsão para as variáveis incisal do incisivo superior (IIS), Ponto A e cúspide mesiovestibular do molar inferior (6i Oclusal), no sentido vertical, foi maior para o Grupo 2, quando comparado ao Grupo 1. O erro de previsão no sen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / This study aims to evaluate the precision of bimaxillary surgery performed to correct vertical maxillary excess, when the procedure is sequenced by mandibular surgery first or maxillary surgery first. Thirty-two patients were included in this retrospective study, divided into two groups. The first group was composed by patients who received bimaxillary surgery following the classic sequence of repositioning the maxilla first. In the second group patients received bimaxillary surgery by operating the mandible first. The data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Precision of the maxillo-mandibular repositioning was measured by superimposing, through the cranial base, digital postoperative tracings taken at a maximum of 30 days after surgery to the prediction tracings. The paired t test was used to determine the difference between predicted and obtained values for each group. The Student's t test for independent samples was applied to compare the prediction error between groups. In this sample, both surgical sequences provided adequate clinical accuracy. The classical sequence, repositioning the maxilla first, resulted in greater accuracy of A point, lower first molar and incisor edge vertical position. Repositioning the mandible first allowed greater precision in the vertical position of pogonion. In conclusion, although both surgical sequences may be used, repositioning the mandible first will result in greater imprecision in relation to the predictive tracing, than repositioning the maxilla first. The classical sequence resulted in greater accuracy in the vertical position of the maxilla, which is key for esthetics. Repositioning the mandible first allowed...(Complete abstract electronic access below) / Doutor
86

Avaliação biomecânica comparativa de duas técnicas de osteotomia varizante proximal do fêmur: estudo em cadáveres de cães / Comparative biomechanical assessment of two techniques of proximal femoral varus osteotomy. Study in cadavers of dogs

Bruno Testoni Lins 23 March 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo compara uma nova técnica de osteotomia varizante em cúpula à tradicional osteotomia intertrocantérica varizante do fêmur em cadáveres de cães. Foram utilizados 10 pares de fêmures, provenientes de cães eutanasiados por razões independentes do presente estudo. Os espécimes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo a técnica empregada e avaliados radiograficamente para mensuração do comprimento femoral e valores de ângulo de inclinação do colo femoral, ângulo femoral proximal lateral mecânico, ângulo femoral proximal lateral anatômico, ângulo femoral distal lateral mecânico, ângulo femoral distal lateral anatômico e ângulo de anteversão do colo femoral. Posteriormente, foram realizados os ensaios mecânicos para determinação da resistência em ambos os grupos. As avaliações radiográficas demonstraram a efetividade de ambos os métodos na varização do fêmur proximal. A técnica de osteotomia varizante em cúpula mostrou valores de resistência mecânica e modo de falência dos implantes empregados na osteossíntese comparados à técnica de osteotomia intertrocantérica varizante em cunha. Os testes biomecânicos demonstram a exeqüibilidade da técnica de osteotomia varizante em cúpula como alternativa ao tratamento da displasia coxofemoral em cães / The present study compares a new varus dome osteotomy technique to the traditional femoral varus intertrochanteric osteotomy in dogs. Ten pairs of femurs were used from dogs euthanized due to reasons unrelated to our study. The specimens were divided in two groups according to the technique and radiographically assessed to measure femoral length and femoral neck inclination angle, mechanical lateral proximal femoral angle, anatomical lateral proximal femoral angle, mechanical lateral distal femoral angle, anatomical lateral distal femoral angle and femoral neck anteversion angle values. Mechanical assays were then performed to determine resistance in both groups. The radiographic assessments showed the effectiveness of both methods in varization of the canine proximal femur. The varus dome osteotomy technique showed mechanical resistance values and failure mechanism of the systems similar when compared to varus wedge intertrochanteric osteotomy. The biomechanical tests demonstrated the varus dome osteotomy technique feasibility as an alternative for coxofemoral dysplasia treatment in dogs
87

OSTEOTOMIA SEGMENTAR DE MAXILA CASO CLÍNICO / Segmental maxillary osteotomy: clinical case

Margoni Neto, Octavio 26 November 2012 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:31:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 OctavioNeto 2013.pdf: 510886 bytes, checksum: 254e09bfd0f9049c136d4a65a444f301 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-11-26 / Segmental osteotomy of Maxilla Osteotomy Le Fort I or Segmented is a procedure that has become increasingly common for dentofacial deformities surgeries, known as Orthognathic Surgery. This procedure is very well indicated for the correction of discrepancies in the different plans and jaw in a single surgical time, optimizing the time of the processing treatment for which the patient is submitted. Transversal skeletal stability and the occlusal of patients, who are subjected to this type of osteotomy, has been studied in the literature, as well as, potential risks and complications associated with this procedure, the dental tissues, oro-nasal fistula, tooth loss, necrosis of some segment of the jaw or even across the jaw. The aim of this study is to present the clinical case of a patient underwent to segmental maxillary osteotomy, and to do a review of literature covering the past 10 years, with articles that discuss the stability of this procedure, as well as the potential risks and complications . Using a few key words in the electronic data base PUBMED, 12 articles were selected for this work, during the period from 2002 to 2012. Segmental osteotomy of the maxilla is a stable and safe procedure, with low complication rate, when given correctly and with the proper care in pre, trans and post-operatory. / A Osteotomia Segmentar de Maxila ou Osteotomia Le Fort I Segmentada é um procedimento que tem se tornado, cada vez mais comum, nas cirugias para as correções das deformidades dentofaciais, conhecidas como Cirurgias Ortognáticas. Este procedimento é muito bem indicado para a correção das discrepâncias maxilares, nos diferentes planos e num único tempo cirúrgico, otimizando assim, o tempo de tratamento a que o paciente é submetido. A estabilidade esquelética transversal e a oclusal dos pacientes, que são submetidos a este tipo de osteotomia, tem sido objeto de estudo na literatura , assim como também, os potenciais riscos e complicações inerentes a este procedimento como, a desvitalização dentária, fístula oro-nasal, perda dentária, necrose de algum segmento da maxila ou até mesmo, de toda a maxila. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o caso clínico de um paciente submetido à osteotomia segmentar de maxila, e fazer uma revisão da literatura abrangendo os últimos 10 anos, com artigos que abordam a estabilidade deste tipo de procedimento, assim como também os potenciais riscos e complicações aos pacientes submetidos a este procedimento. Utilizando algumas palavras chave na base de dados eletrônica PUBMED, 12 artigos foram selecionados para este trabalho, no período de 2002 a 2012. A Osteotomia Segmentar de Maxila é um procedimento estável e seguro, com baixo índice de complicação, quando indicado corretamente e com os devidos cuidados no pré, trans e pós operatórios.
88

Effect of malalignment on knee joint contact mechanics

Reisse, Franziska January 2014 (has links)
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating joint disease that leads to significant pain, loss of mobility and quality of life. Knee malalignment results in increased joint pressure, which is a primary cause for OA progression. High Tibial Osteotomy (HTO) is a surgical procedure to correct malalignment and redistribute load in the knee joint, reduce peak pressure and delay OA progression. However, clinical outcomes have been unpredictable. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between malalignment and knee contact mechanics. A 3D computational model was created from magnetic resonance images of a cadaveric knee joint. A ligament tuning process was conducted to determine material properties. Finite element analyses were conducted, simulating end of weight acceptance during walking. Different wedge geometries were virtually removed to simulate malalignments from 14° valgus to 16° varus. Contact mechanics were sensitive to soft tissue material properties. In-vitro experiments were compared with computational modelling of the same specimen. Percent full-scale errors for contact force and pressure were less than 8%, demonstrating a unique subject-specific model validation. The native alignment of the cadaveric knee (1° varus) had medial and lateral compartment peak pressures of 4.28 MPa and 2.42 MPa, respectively. The medial:lateral force ratio was 70%:30%. Minimum contact stress did not occur at a Mechanical Axis Deviation (MAD) of zero millimetres nor at the Fujisawa Point, which are common targets for HTO correction. Results showed very strong correlations (r >0.94) between MAD and joint contact loading. This study is the first to demonstrate the relationship between stress (normal, shear, contact pressure) and MAD in a subject-specific model. This is a prerequisite for the development of a tool that could help surgeons make informed decisions on the degree of realignment required to minimise peak joint loading, thereby delaying OA progression.
89

Avaliação da estabilidade na fixação da osteotomia sagital mandibular utilizando parafusos bicorticais inseridos com angulação de 60° e 90°. Estudo biomecânico em mandíbulas de carneiro / Evaluation of the stability of mandibular sagital osteotomy fixation using bicortical screws inserted with 60º and 90º degrees angles. Biomechanical study in sheep mandibles

Landgraf, Higor 25 March 2008 (has links)
Este trabalho foi desenvolvido com a finalidade de verificar a resistência mecânica obtida com parafusos bicorticais posicionais na fixação interna rígida da osteotomia sagital do ramo mandibular, comparando a angulação de inserção dos mesmos. A técnica tradicional e comumente utilizada para fixação da osteotomia sagital mandibular faz uso de parafusos inseridos por meio de acesso extra-oral, com ângulo aproximado de 90º. A principal desvantagem da técnica seria a incisão na pele, tendo potencial de resultar em cicatriz aparente em área visível, bem como risco de lesão à inervação motora da face. Uma alternativa que evita estas complicações é a técnica intra-oral, na qual não há incisão em pele, desta forma sendo bastante vantajosa para o paciente. Nesta, o parafuso é inserido em ângulo próximo de 60º. Visto que, na literatura poucos trabalhos compararam estes dois tipos de fixação, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência mecânica utilizando parafusos inseridos com angulação de 60º ou 90º simulando, respectivamente, as técnicas intra e extra-oral. Foram utilizadas 10 mandíbulas de carneiro, que após receberem osteotomia bilateral do ramo, foram divididas em dois grupos, ambos fixados com parafusos do sistema 2,0mm. Grupo I: fixação em 60º; Grupo II: fixação em 90º. Para o teste mecânico utilizou-se máquina de ensaio universal (Instron 5565), na qual foi acoplado suporte metálico para manter as mandíbulas. Suporte este, que ao contrário dos normalmente utilizados e citados na literatura, permite que a mandíbula seja deformada tridimensionalmente durante o ensaio. Os dados sobre a força foram coletados em Newton e a média calculada com seu desvio padrão para cada grupo. A avaliação estatística dos valores obtidos foi realizada por meio de análise estatística paramétrica. Como resultados, verificamos que o grupo de 90º apresentou maior resistência mecânica, diferença esta que foi estatisticamente significante. Contudo, não houve diferença significante da rigidez entre os dois grupos. Concluímos que o suporte metálico desenvolvido para permitir deformação tridimensional se mostrou eficaz. Acreditamos que desta forma os movimentos mandibulares possam ser melhor reproduzidos durante o ensaio mecânico. Há necessidade de outros estudos visando comparar o sucesso clínico entre as duas técnicas. / This research was developed to evaluate the mechanical resistance obtained with positional bicortical screws used for internal rigid fixation of bicortical split mandibular ramus osteotomy, comparing two different screw insertion angulations. The traditional technique, most commonly used, for the fixation of bicortical split mandibular ramus osteotomy uses approximately 90°degrees screws inserted through skin incisions. The main disadvantage of this technique may be the skin incision, having the potential of resulting in an apparent scar in a visible area as well as the risk of motor nerve injury. One alternative that avoid these complications is the intra oral technique, in which there\'s no skin incision, being advantageous to the patient. In this technique the screws are inserted in approximately in 60° degrees angle. Knowing that in the literature few articles compare these two types of fixation, the objective of this work was to evaluate the mechanical resistance obtained using screws inserted with both 60° and 90° degrees angle simulating, respectively, the intra and extra oral techniques. We used 10 sheep mandibles, after performing bicortical sagital split osteotomies, were divided in two groups, both received 2.0 mm system screws for fixation. Group 1? 60° fixation; Group 2? 90° fixation. To realize the mechanical testing a universal rehearsal machine (Instron 5565) was used, in which a metallic support was adapted to restrain the mandibles. This support, differently of the ones commonly used in the current literature, allows that the mandible suffer tridimensional deformation during the rehearsal. The strength data was collected in Newton and the median was calculated with standard deviation for each group. The statistical evaluation of the values obtained was performed using parametrical statistical analysis. Through the results we could verify that the 90° degrees group presented with statistically significant higher mechanical strength. However, there was no significant difference in the rigidity between the two groups. We can conclude that the metallic support developed to allow tridimensional deformation was effective. We believe that by that way mandibular movements can be better reproduced during mechanical rehearsal. There is the necessity of other studies to compare the clinical success between those two fixation techniques.
90

A acurácia de um software 3D no planejamento do posicionamento do lábio superior após avanço de maxila / The accuracy of 3D software in the planning of the upper lip positioning after maxillary advancement

Chihara, Letícia Liana 03 May 2018 (has links)
Com a evolução da tecnologia, os planejamentos das cirurgias ortognáticas têm se tornado cada vez mais precisos em relação ao tratamento das deformidades dentofacias. Os pacientes recorrem à cirurgia ortognática com finalidade de melhorar a oclusão e a estética, mas muitas vezes acabam desistindo do tratamento e recorrem à compensação ortodôntica por receio de mudanças indesejadas. Para isso ser evitado, os softwares de planejamento estão sendo aprimorados para poderem melhorar a predição dos casos e esclarecer aos pacientes o plano de tratamento. O avanço de maxila com a osteotomia tipo Le Fort I interfere diretamente no posicionamento do lábio superior e no ângulo nasolabial, que apresentam um papel importante na expressão e na estética facial. Grande parte dos estudos ainda se restringem à comparação de imagens pré e pós-operatórias e, portanto, considerados imprecisos. Por isso são necessários estudos que avaliem um maior número de pacientes submetidos a cirurgia ortognática, utilizando o mesmo tipo de osteotomia, reduzindo o número de variáveis envolvidas e permitindo melhor entendimento das alterações do posicionamento do lábio superior após avanço maxilar. O presente estudo teve como objetivo prever as alterações da posição do lábio superior em pacientes submetidos à avanços de maxila que 5mm ou < que 5mm, comparando os traçados preditivo e final, utilizando 24 tomografias pré e pós-operatórias, e verificar se a quantidade de avanço altera essa previsibilidade. As avaliações foram feitas a partir de tomografias computadorizadas de feixe cônico, utilizando o software Dolphin Imaging 11.8. Foi utilizado o teste ´´t`` pareado para comparar os dados preditivos e pós-operatórios e a correlação de Pearson para verificar a relação entre as variáveis lábio superior e incisivo central superior. Os testes foram realizados adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. A capacidade de predição do software foi considerada boa para as medidas horizontais; porém para as verticais, ainda há um índice de erro que pode-se considerar impreciso. Concluiu-se também que a quantidade de avanço maxilar não interfere na predição do lábio superior. / With the evolution of technology, orthognathic surgeries planning have become increasingly accurate in relation to the treatment of dentofacial deformities. Patients recur to orthognathic surgery to improve occlusion and aesthetics, but often give up treatment and turn to orthodontic compensation due to fear of unwanted changing. To avoid this, the planning softwares are enhancing to improve the prediction of cases and to enlighten the patients about the treatment plan. The maxillary advancement using Le Fort I osteotomy directly interferes in the positioning of the upper lip and the nasolabial angle, which plays an important role in facial expression and aesthetics. Most of the studies are still restricted to comparing pre and postoperative images, and therefore, considered inaccurate. Therefore, studies are required to evaluate a greater number of patients submitted to orthognathic surgery, using the same type of osteotomy, reducing the number of variables involved and allowing a better understanding of the positioning of the upper lip after maxillary advancement. The present study aimed to predict changes in the upper lip position in patients submitted to maxillary advancement 5mm or < 5mm, comparing the predictive and final tracings using 24 pre and postoperative CT scans, and determine if the amount of advancement changes this predictability. Evaluations were conducted through Cone-Beam Computed Tomography using Dolphin Imaging 11.8 software. The paired t-test was used to compare the predictive and postoperative data and the Pearson correlation to verify the relation between the upper lip and upper central incisor variables. The tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. The prediction ability of the software was considered good for the horizontal measurements; for the vertical measurements there is still an error rate, so it cannot be considered accurate. It was also concluded that the amount of maxillary advancement does not interfere in the prediction of the upper lip.

Page generated in 0.0392 seconds