Global ETD Search

31	Electromyographic Analysis of Trunk Muscle Activation During a Throwing Pattern Following Rotator Cuff Mobilization Doede, Aubrey L. 01 January 2010 (has links) Correct muscular activation of the body segments during an overhand throw is achieved when movement originates in the larger and more proximal legs and trunk and moves sequentially to the smaller, distal segments of the shoulder and arm. This sequence permits angular velocity to transfer progressively through the throw as part of an open kinetic chain. The athlete can summate angular velocity and segmental forces only if he is able to create a separation between the body segments during the movement pattern, and this separation is thus essential to effective segmental sequencing for activation of the trunk muscles to occur separately from distal segment motion. Limited mobility of the shoulder and scapula during the kinematic sequence will limit the ability of that segment to receive and contribute to the angular velocity of its proximal neighbors and to apply its own muscle torque to the throwing implement. This may result in compensatory motion of the proximal muscle groups to meet the demands placed on the body. To establish a link between compensatory activation of the trunk muscles and mobility in the rotator cuff and to apply this relationship to the pattern of the overhand throw, activity in the latissimus dorsi and external oblique/quadratus lumborum muscles was measured using surface electromyography in 40 college-age participants during arm flexion and lateral shoulder rotation. Muscle activation was recorded both before and after mobilization of relevant throwing muscles through targeted functional exercise. Results showed no significant change but suggested a general decrease in the level of peak muscle activation after participants engaged shoulder exercises. This is indicative of a downward trend in compensatory trunk activation during the initiation of shoulder motion. An increase in overall trunk muscle activity was also observed after exercise, which may imply a simultaneous engagement of the proximal throwing muscles in response to shoulder motion. rotator cuff shoulder motions Electromyography (EMG) throwing motions kinematic sequence Biomechanics Body Regions Musculoskeletal System Other Kinesiology Other Rehabilitation and Therapy Physical Therapy
32	Comparative Analysis of Physiological Measurements and Environmental Metrics on Predicting Heat Stress Related Events Barlow, McKenzie Lee 01 June 2018 (has links) (PDF) Exposure to high heat and humidity can lead to serious health risks, including heat exhaustion and heat stroke. Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) and heat index have historically been used to predict heat stress events, but individualized factors are not included in the measurement. It has been shown that there is a relationship between cardiovascular measurements and heat stress, which could be used to measure heat stress risk on an individual level. Research has been done to find relationships between cardiovascular metrics in a workplace environment, however the study did not include the use of a controlled environment as a baseline. This study provides measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), heart rate, body core temperature, and blood pressure in a controlled environment when human subjects are exposed to high heat and humidity. Thirty subjects (n=17 females, 13 males) were asked to self-express their activity level (active vs. sedentary), gender, and age. The subjects performed a 30-minute moderate exercise routine on a stationary stepper machine in a heated environmental chamber (average WBGT of 26ºC). TEWL, heart rate, tympanic temperature, and blood pressure were recorded at every 10-minute increment of the exercise protocol per subject. The data was analyzed using JMP® software to find significant (P Heat stress transepidermal water loss core temperature wet bulb globe temperature heat stroke heat exhaustion Biological Engineering Other Kinesiology
33	EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF LEARNER-ADAPTED PRACTICE ON MOTOR SKILL ACQUISITION Eliasz, Kinga L. 04 1900 (has links) <p>Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of learner-adapted practice on the self-efficacy beliefs, acquisition and retention of a motor task. Through a discovery process all participants learned to perform several keypress patterns, with the goal of completing each sequence as fast and accurate as possible. The first experiment had learners practice the keypress sequences in one of two adaptive schedules, which utilized either a ‘WinSwitch’ or ‘WinRepeat’ task switching algorithm, or follow a pre-determined order of tasks (two yoked-control groups). The purpose of this experiment was to determine if adaptive schedules were effective because they were tailored to a learner’s performance characteristics or due to the nature of the contextual interference employed by the switching algorithm when the 'winning' criterion was satisfied. To examine the psychological factors involved in adaptive practice, the second experiment had all groups practice in a ‘WinSwitch Adaptive’ schedule and manipulated the social-comparative feedback that was provided (positive, negative or control). Together these studies revealed that the effectiveness of adaptive schedules may not necessarily be due to the fact that they are tailored to a learner's performance characteristics. They also suggest that learning is facilitated by a switching algorithm that involves some blocked practice towards the beginning and mostly random practice towards the end of acquisition (WinRepeat schedule). However, providing positive social-comparative feedback can override the negative effects of the opposite schedule (WinSwitch) and result in more effective learning and increases in self-efficacy beliefs. These findings are discussed in reference to contextual interference effects and the self-efficacy framework.</p> / Master of Science in Kinesiology motor learning motor skill acquisition learner-adapted adaptive practice contextual interference self-efficacy Motor Control Other Kinesiology Psychology of Movement Motor Control
34	ADVANCED STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING IN CHRONIC LOW BACK PA Jones, Gavin 10 1900 (has links) <p>An objective measure of muscular low back pain (LBP) symptoms eludes clinicians. This study assessed efficacy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar multifidus using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal fractal dimension (FD) analysis and muscle cross sectional area (CSA) in LBP assessment. MRI results were compared to two questionnaires, the Oswestry disability index (ODI) and visual analog score (VAS).</p> <p>Right-left asymmetry in both DTI metrics and T2-weighted (T2W) CSA were greater in the injured. Also, asymmetry measures were correlated with body mass index (BMI) but not age, height, or level of physical activity (measured via Godin activity questionnaire). The relationship between asymmetry and LBP symptoms in T2W and DTI scans increased for subjects with BMI below 35kg/m<sup>2</sup>.</p> <p>BOLD FD did not scale with LBP symptoms. However, FD analysis showed promise following therapeutic Swedish massage, hypothesized as being related to local perfusion changes, indicating that FD is sensitive to changes in the lumbar muscle, just not LBP symptoms. Thus the BOLD FD does change with treatment, just not with the symptoms of LBP.</p> <p>When combining data from multiple scan types, the symptoms of LBP correlated best with the unweighted mean of DTI fractional anisotropy (FA) and T2W CSA asymmetry, and the correlation was greatest (R<sup>2</sup>=0.88) when only <em>symptomatic (not both symptomatic and control)</em> subjects with BMIs from 18-25kg/m<sup>2</sup> were considered. From these results there appears to be clinical utility in characterizing the symptoms of non-acute LBP using DTI and CSA.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) Low Back Pain Magnetic Resonance Imaging Diffusion Tensor Imaging Blood Oxygen level Dependent MRI Erector Spinae Multifidus Bioimaging and biomedical optics Musculoskeletal System Other Kinesiology Other Life Sciences Bioimaging and biomedical optics
35	The Biomechanical Risk Factors of Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) in Female Athletes and Implications for Injury Prevention Brown, Mikaela E 01 January 2024 (has links) (PDF) This systematic review investigates the biomechanical risk factors associated with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) in female athletes. Using a particular methodology, the review synthesizes relevant sources to comprehensively analyze multi-factorial contributions to FAI, including load distribution, forces, strain, and sport-related mechanisms. By critically evaluating existing literature, this study aimed to provide a nuanced understanding of the intricate biomechanical aspects influencing the development of FAI in female athletes. A thorough examination of the literature encompassed articles spanning the years 2000 to 2024. Intentional sampling techniques were employed to guarantee the inclusion of female athletes across a diverse array of sports disciplines, including but not limited to soccer, ice hockey, running, and competitive dance. This approach aimed to provide a holistic view of biomechanical factors across different athletic activities. Data extraction systematically collected information from the selected studies, including study characteristics, participant profiles, methodology, and relevant outcomes pertaining to biomechanical factors linked to FAI in female athletes. A comprehensive literature review was performed, and articles that met the inclusion criteria were identified. The Downs and Black tool was subsequently used to evaluate the methodological quality of each study, recognizing the importance of considering factors such as reporting clarity, external validity, bias, confounding, and statistical power. Common themes were synthesized, and it was found that specific biomechanical factors, such as hip joint mechanics during dynamic movements and abnormal loading patterns, played significant roles in the development and progression of FAI in female athletes. biomechanics femoracetabular impingement athletes injury prevention females FAI Anatomy Biomechanics Exercise Physiology Exercise Science Kinesiology Kinesiotherapy Medical Anatomy Motor Control Musculoskeletal System Orthopedics Osteopathic Medicine and Osteopathy Other Kinesiology Physiology Rehabilitation and Therapy Sports Sciences
36	Exercise Participation during Weight Loss on a High Protein – Low Carbohydrate Diet Plan in Females Aged 15-25 Years Mobley-Meulman, Margaret 01 August 2013 (has links) (PDF) Weight gain due to poor diet and lack of exercise is responsible for over 300,000 deaths each year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Obese adults have an increased risk for serious health conditions including high blood pressure and cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, respiratory problems, and certain cancers (National Cancer Institute, 2012). Participation in exercise can help control weight, strengthen muscles and bones, and reduce the incidence of cardiac events, stroke, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, colon and breast cancers, osteoporotic fractures, gallbladder disease, obesity, depression, anxiety, and delay mortality (ACSM, 2009). The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of exercise participation during weight loss on a high protein-low carbohydrate diet plan during a 12-week span in females aged 15 to 25 years. Specifically, this research study was a comparison of markers of health such as weight, fat mass, percent body fat, and fat-free mass in females who consistently exercised during the diet (Exercisers) from those who did not participate in consistent exercise (Non- Exercisers). The population in this study was selected due to the transition from high school to college being a critical period because it is associated with many identity choices and lifestyle changes that can lead to weight gain (Anderson, Shapiro, & Lundgren, 2003). The data indicate participation in regular exercise, while consuming a high protein-low carbohydrate diet plan, increases the loss of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat when compared to participating in the diet plan alone. There was no significant difference in fat-free mass reduction between the groups. One implication for practice is recommending moderate to vigorous exercise for a minimum of 30 minutes at a time, totaling a minimum of 150 minutes per week, for females trying to achieve weight loss. Based from the results of this research study, in order to achieve a greater amount of body weight, fat mass, and percent body fat reduction one should consider incorporating exercise participation and high protein-low carbohydrate dieting into their weight loss plan. Weight Loss Nutrition High Protein-Low Carbohydrate Body Composition Exercise Bariatrics Cardiovascular Diseases Community Health Community Health and Preventive Medicine Comparative Nutrition Educational Leadership Exercise Physiology Exercise Science Human and Clinical Nutrition Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases Other Kinesiology Other Nutrition Other Public Health Public Health Education and Promotion Sports Sciences Substance Abuse and Addiction Women's Health
37	THE SOCIAL EXPERIENCES OF SPOUSES OF PERSONS WITH YOUNG-ONSET DEMENTIA Hawkins, Stacey A. 10 1900 (has links) <p>Spousal caregivers of persons with young-onset dementia (YOD) are known to experience significant social impacts, including family conflict, social avoidance, and marginalization. However, no qualitative study has examined the social experiences of YOD spousal caregivers within the Canadian context. This thesis examined the described social experiences of these caregivers. A descriptive, qualitative approach was used to study the nature of these social experiences using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Ten YOD spousal caregivers living in Ontario completed the study. Four themes emerged from the analysis: sources of social support, giving up activities in favour of new activities, adapting and maintaining in social and recreational activities, and social spaces as safe spaces. Concepts of caregiver social adaptation, and choosing to give up social and recreational activities in favour of new ones builds upon existing research on theories of social support, activity restriction, caregiver adaptation, and avoidance previously described in the existing dementia literature. Themes of giving up activities in favour of new activities, and social spaces as safe spaces also represent new themes not previously discussed in the dementia caregiving literature. Previous, socially-relevant research on YOD spousal caregiving has focused primarily on examining social impacts, with little attention paid to caregiver perceptions of their social experiences in the Canadian context. These findings indicate that caregiving for a spouse with YOD entails complex social experiences, which extend beyond value-laden depictions of social outcomes recorded in the existing literature. These rich experiences challenge and expand our theoretical understanding of spousal caregiving for persons with YOD.</p> / Master of Arts (MA) young-onset dementia caregiver spouse social experience Clinical and Medical Social Work Cognitive Neuroscience Community Engagement Community Health Diseases Family, Life Course, and Society Geriatric Nursing Geriatrics Health Services Research Inequality and Stratification Leisure Studies Medicine and Health Mental and Social Health Neurology Neuroscience and Neurobiology Neurosciences Nursing Other Kinesiology Other Social and Behavioral Sciences Other Sociology Primary Care Psychiatric and Mental Health Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Psychiatry Recreational Therapy Regional Sociology Rehabilitation and Therapy Social and Behavioral Sciences Social Psychology and Interaction Social Work Sociology Sports Sciences Sports Studies Clinical and Medical Social Work

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