Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-202). Also available online (PDF file) by a subscription to the set or by purchasing the individual file.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Indiana University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 186-202).

For several years the author has viewed with interest the various kinds of outdoor signs. College courses in advertising art and advertising procedure, as well as practical experience in the advertising field, have increased his interest in this fascinating business and prodded him on to further investigation. With the desire to extend his knowledge of outdoor advertising and to pass on the body of his research to others who find it useful, the author has undertaken this study.

The provision of outdoor recreation in a modern society has become an increasingly demanding and controversial undertaking. To provide an effective recreational strategy it is necessary to identify the needs of the people in order to provide intelligent planning to satisfy their requirements. When recreational pressures are directed towards protected areas such as National Parks, this task becomes more difficult and complex owing to the diverse and conflicting functions that these resources have to support. To provide both conservation and recreational opportunities planning should evaluate both the benefits and the conflicts that these uses generate as any developments take place. This study focuses on the evaluation of the recreational use of Mount Olympus National Park. Its aim was to incorporate these findings into the Master Plan for the management of the area. The data provided from on-site surveys in the area permitted the description of the visitor socio-economic characteristics and their trip patterns. Visitor attitudes both to the recreational opportunities provided in the area and to the proposals for the improvement of recreation provision in it were also identified. The recreational use of Mount Olympus was then evaluated by applying both the Travel-Cost and the Contingent Valuation methods on the survey data. This provided a method for checking the validity of the results. The Travel-Cost method produced values ranging between 65,002,000 and 74,599,000 GDrs for 1990 and 42,183,750 and 65,081,100 GDrs for 1992 depending on the functional form used for the development of the model. On the other hand the Contingent Valuation method produced a value of 30,311,000 GDrs for 1990 and of 53,830,350 GDrs (area in its present condition) and of 54,162,150 GDrs (area after the provision of more facilities) for 1992. Finally the study highlighted the importance and the potential use of the available economic information to assist in the development of a planning system for the design and the provision of recreation. Some limitations in the Mount Olympus Master Plan were identified and a proposal for the incorporation of the new information into the recreational aspects of Mount Olympus in a reformulated Master Plan was proposed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 1974. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references. Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.) - Simon Fraser University, 2005. / Theses (Faculty of Education) / Simon Fraser University. Also issued in digital format and available on the World Wide Web.

This project involved the development and evaluation of a self-instructional environmental study learning guide for use at the Ball State University Wildlife Preserve in Muncie, Indiana. The guide was primarily intended for use by Ball State University students enrolled in several of the courses offered in the biology and natural resources departments.The chief goals of this project were to develop an effective self-instructional learning guide which would assist the student in a study of the environment in a natural setting, and to help familiarize the evaluation of the materials before and after their use by students.Two hypotheses were formulated: (1) Students will learn environmental concepts more effectively by participating in an outdoor experience than by not participating in such an experience; (2) Students will perceive the outdoor experience as one which has value to them.To achieve the goals, a number of environmental concepts were identified and categorized on the basis of their applicability to the natural area under study. Behavioral objectives were written to match these concepts.The text of the learning guide was based on these concepts and objectives and was constructed using the principles of programmed learning. Using this text, the student was guided along the trails at the Wildlife Preserve and performed appropriate activities.The use of this environmental study area was a technique to achieve more effective learning. To test the soundness of this approach, pre and post tests were written, administered, and analyzed using the t-test to determine if in fact there was a gain in cognitive learning after the field experience. To determine whether the students had perceived this experience as having value to them, a post field trip questionnaire of the scaled response type was also prepared and administered.Four sections of students enrolled in an introductory natural resources course and one section of students enrolled in an elementary education methods class served as the experimental subjects. Two additional sections of natural resources students served as the control subjects. An additional four sections from both courses served as participants by taking the field trip with the learning guide and filling out the questionnaire, but were not tested for cognitive gain.Hypothesis one was accepted at the .05 level in three of the experimental groups when t-tested as individual units, was rejected in two of the five experimental groups when t-tested as individual units, was accepted for all five experimental groups when t-tested as a whole, and was rejected in both control groups both singly and combined.Hypothesis two was evaluated by means of a questionnaire and by handwritten comments, the results of which were generally positive in tone. There was overwhelming agreement that the trip was worthwhile (88.0%), that some new facts and concepts had been learned there (88.9%) and 81.7% of the elementary education majors indicated they would like to take students for a field Grip. These figures fall into the same range as those of several similar studies cited in the literature review.The results of this study indicate that an effective self-instructional learning guide to an outdoor education area can be developed and utilized by university students. The use of such a guide can result in a measurable cognitive gain in the understanding of environmental concepts and is generally perceived as a worthwhile activity by those students who have used it.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Oregon State University, 2011. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 189-193). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis--University of Michigan. / "A contract study as part of the [U.S. Outdoor Recreation Resources Review] Commission's overall research program." Bibliography: p. 283-288.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1968. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.