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This report is the culmination of literature study and semi-structured interviews which assisted in developing a Model for Implementation of Restorative Justice in the South African Correctional System. The study explores the use of Restorative Justice as part of rehabilitation in a prison setting. Literature focuses mainly on Restorative Justice as part of diversion, in cases of first offenders and less serious offences. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders has been gaining momentum, though. Diversity in terms of language, cultural and religious practice as well as social background, should be considered as it affects the decision to enter into a Restorative Justice process. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders is challenging and in the main a largely unsupported field. The study draws on experience from other countries, while at the same time advocate for uniquely South African practice. The involvement of the most important role players, namely victim, offender and the community is emphasized. Attitude and insufficient training seem to be some of the challenges for the implementation of Restorative Justice. Successes are reported in the few sites where Restorative Justice is implemented in the Correctional System, but a change of mindset, of being open to possibilities other than lock-up and punish in the entire Criminal Justice System is needed. Restorative Justice in the Correctional System seems to have been approached as yet another new programme, and not as a paradigm shift for the entire Criminal Justice System. Dealing with conflict in a restorative way should be at the front end of the chain, with young children whose behaviour can be directed, as changing behaviour of adults proves to be difficult. Repentance and forgiveness in different cultures and spiritual backgrounds are some of the issues that are grappled with, although forgiveness is nowhere indicated as a requirement for a successful Restorative Justice process. Voluntary participation is required from victims and offenders with support from communities. It remains a deeply spiritual and individual journey for those who choose to turn away from anger, fear and hatred, and start the process of personal healing and restoration. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders can assist in dealing with the aftermath of crime. / Penology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Text in Afrikaans / Gevangenis oorbevolking is ʼn probleem waarmee die Suid-Afrikaanse korrektiewe stelsel reeds vir baie jare worstel. Suid-Afrika is een van die lande met die hoogste gevangenis bevolking in die wêreld. Een van die grootste probleme wat tot die situasie bydra, is die aantal oortreders wat nie in staat is om borg te betaal nie. ʼn Ander probleem is die aantal verhoorafwagtendes wat in aanhouding is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Witskrif van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, is vasberade om die rehabilitering van die oortreder te bevorder. Die fokus van die studie wentel om die rehabilitasie van die oortreder en die vraag of hierdie doelwit binne die korrektiewe stelsel haalbaar is. Heelwat klem word op die noodsaaklikheid van alternatiewe vonnisse geplaas asook rehabilitasie as strafoogmerk tydens vonnisoplegging. Dit is die navorser se mening dat die korrektiewe stelsel nie die geskikste plek is vir die rehabilitering van die oortreder nie. / Criminology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

The aim of this dissertation is to place the phenomenon of the overpopulation of South African prisons in perspective and to rectify the current situation in search of possible solutions. Since 1981, when this phenomenon reached unmanageable proportions, government has made numerous amnesties. This was only a short-term alleviation of the problem due to the high levels of recidivism. Correctional supervision as a sentence option was advocated by both the Lansdowne and Viljoen Commissions, enacted during 1986 and finally implemented during 1991. Initial expectations soon became blurred by factors such as insufficient development programmes and specialised personnel, enormous caseloads and the exclusion of supervision cases from development programmes. This study endeavours to analyse the current application of correctional supervision to determine the stumbling blocks and to create a foundation for new perspectives and possible solutions. / Penology / M.A. (Penology)

This report is the culmination of literature study and semi-structured interviews which assisted in developing a Model for Implementation of Restorative Justice in the South African Correctional System. The study explores the use of Restorative Justice as part of rehabilitation in a prison setting. Literature focuses mainly on Restorative Justice as part of diversion, in cases of first offenders and less serious offences. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders has been gaining momentum, though. Diversity in terms of language, cultural and religious practice as well as social background, should be considered as it affects the decision to enter into a Restorative Justice process. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders is challenging and in the main a largely unsupported field. The study draws on experience from other countries, while at the same time advocate for uniquely South African practice. The involvement of the most important role players, namely victim, offender and the community is emphasized. Attitude and insufficient training seem to be some of the challenges for the implementation of Restorative Justice. Successes are reported in the few sites where Restorative Justice is implemented in the Correctional System, but a change of mindset, of being open to possibilities other than lock-up and punish in the entire Criminal Justice System is needed. Restorative Justice in the Correctional System seems to have been approached as yet another new programme, and not as a paradigm shift for the entire Criminal Justice System. Dealing with conflict in a restorative way should be at the front end of the chain, with young children whose behaviour can be directed, as changing behaviour of adults proves to be difficult. Repentance and forgiveness in different cultures and spiritual backgrounds are some of the issues that are grappled with, although forgiveness is nowhere indicated as a requirement for a successful Restorative Justice process. Voluntary participation is required from victims and offenders with support from communities. It remains a deeply spiritual and individual journey for those who choose to turn away from anger, fear and hatred, and start the process of personal healing and restoration. Restorative Justice with sentenced offenders can assist in dealing with the aftermath of crime. / Penology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Text in Afrikaans / Gevangenis oorbevolking is ʼn probleem waarmee die Suid-Afrikaanse korrektiewe stelsel reeds vir baie jare worstel. Suid-Afrika is een van die lande met die hoogste gevangenis bevolking in die wêreld. Een van die grootste probleme wat tot die situasie bydra, is die aantal oortreders wat nie in staat is om borg te betaal nie. ʼn Ander probleem is die aantal verhoorafwagtendes wat in aanhouding is. Die Suid-Afrikaanse Witskrif van die Departement van Korrektiewe Dienste, is vasberade om die rehabilitering van die oortreder te bevorder. Die fokus van die studie wentel om die rehabilitasie van die oortreder en die vraag of hierdie doelwit binne die korrektiewe stelsel haalbaar is. Heelwat klem word op die noodsaaklikheid van alternatiewe vonnisse geplaas asook rehabilitasie as strafoogmerk tydens vonnisoplegging. Dit is die navorser se mening dat die korrektiewe stelsel nie die geskikste plek is vir die rehabilitering van die oortreder nie. / Criminology and Security Science / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

The aim of this dissertation is to place the phenomenon of the overpopulation of South African prisons in perspective and to rectify the current situation in search of possible solutions. Since 1981, when this phenomenon reached unmanageable proportions, government has made numerous amnesties. This was only a short-term alleviation of the problem due to the high levels of recidivism. Correctional supervision as a sentence option was advocated by both the Lansdowne and Viljoen Commissions, enacted during 1986 and finally implemented during 1991. Initial expectations soon became blurred by factors such as insufficient development programmes and specialised personnel, enormous caseloads and the exclusion of supervision cases from development programmes. This study endeavours to analyse the current application of correctional supervision to determine the stumbling blocks and to create a foundation for new perspectives and possible solutions. / Penology / M.A. (Penology)

This study investigated how educational policies and law affect the teaching and learning of inclusive education in overcrowded Gauteng classrooms. The intention of the study was to explore various challenges that teachers are facing to implement inclusion policies in the classroom; determine different ways in which teachers implement inclusive education in overcrowded classrooms; establish if inclusive education policies are realistically implemented in overcrowded classrooms in Gauteng and to determine if the needs of learners are truly met in these public school classrooms. It was a qualitative study. Teachers teaching in the Foundation Phase were interviewed and they also participated in focus group discussions. This study revealed that educational policies and law do affect the teaching and learning of inclusive education in overcrowded Gauteng classrooms. Inclusive education can only be successful if teachers have an extensive understanding of how to identify barriers to learning, obtain skills to implement inclusive education in overcrowded classrooms and plan for diversity with confidence. / Educational Management and Leadership / M. Ed. (Educational Leadership and Management)

The South African Department of Correctional Services has a legislative mandate of detaining offenders in safe custody whilst ensuring their human dignity amongst others. This stems from section 2 of the Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 as amended. In addition to that, chapter 3 of this Act makes provision for conditions under which offenders should be treated, conditions of human dignity. This piece of legislation is effectively giving effect to the Bill of Rights as articulated in chapter two of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa of 1996. It is expected of the department to treat offenders according to the provisions of not only this Constitution and Correctional Services Act 111 of 1998 as amended but also to comply with the international conventions and treaties. Extensive empirical and non-empirical studies on the treatment of offenders have been conducted by various scholars in the field of penology but not much has been done to bring to the fore knowledge with regard to the developmental trend of the treatment of offenders. It is against this backdrop that a qualitative study through systematic review of literature was conducted to bring together and examine available literature. In other words, a systematic literature review was conducted to determine if there is a developmental trend towards the treatment of offenders in South Africa as required by the prescripts of the law. Furthermore, this study was conducted to also demonstrate the researcher’s knowledge in the field of penology. The focus was on the central theories identified as offenders’ rights. The Department of Correctional Services identified eight offenders’ rights and sees them as its Constitutional mandate (Department of Correctional Services, 2013:8). This study has found a violation of the offenders’ right to equality to be diminishing over time. Apart from that, this study reveals a substantial violation of offenders’ rights because out of seven offenders’ rights, only one [freedom of religion] appears be successfully protected and promoted by the department. This study further present the recommendations and suggested areas of further research. / Penology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Penology)

Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-04T12:42:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010 / O estudo teve como objetivo investigar a superlotação nos serviços de emergência hospitalar (SEH). Para tal, foram elaborados dois artigos, já publicados. O primeiro, elaborado durante a crise dos serviços de emergência hospitalar de 2005, discutiu as características estruturantes do Programa QUALISUS do Ministério da Saúde do Brasil, em curso de implantação, analisou as especificidades desses serviços e fez algumas considerações sobre o sistema de saúde do município do Rio de Janeiro, sede do início do programa QUALISUS. Com a complexidade do cenário onde o programa era implementado, exemplificado pela grave crise na assistência àqueles que demandavam cuidados nos serviços de emergência, assim como as características da matriz da qualidade sugerida pelo programa, cuja ênfase é na reorganização da rede dos serviços de emergência e na recepção dos serviços de emergência hospitalar, voltados para o acolhimento e a classificação de risco, optou-se pelo aprofundamento do estudo sobre os SEH. A partir de uma revisão sistemática, discutiu-se as intervenções voltadas para solucionar o problema da superlotação dos Serviços de Emergência Hospitalar, e identificou-se evidências de baixo desempenho organizacional. A revisão sistemática partiu de um universo de 2.992 títulos, onde foram selecionados 822 títulos para análise de resumos e textos integrais, entre o período de 2000 a junho de 2007. A superlotação foi caracterizada como um fenômeno mundial, com causas e conseqüências. As intervenções que interferiram positivamente no principal indicador da superlotação, o tempo de permanência no SEH, apontaram para a melhoria do fluxo de saída dos pacientes dos serviços de emergência hospitalar, através do aumento do desempenho organizacional. Os resultados dessa revisão desmistificaram as soluções que aumentam as barreiras de acesso ou melhoram a estrutura dos SEH. Os dois artigos se complementam, na medida em que, a análise do contexto da implantação de um programa institucional de qualidade e dos seus conceitos, suscitou a necessidade de investigar mais profundamente as características desses serviços e propor hipóteses para solucionar seus graves problemas. / The study aimed to investigate the overcrowding in the public hospitals emergency rooms (ER). For such, two articles had been elaborated and are already published. The first one is related to the crisis of the public hospitals emergency rooms services which took place in the year of 2005 in Brazil. It presents the major characteristics of the Ministry of Health QUALISUS Program, analyzes the specificities of these services and made some considerations about the city of Rio de Janeiro health system, QUALISUS headquarter. Given the complexity of the broad picture where the program was implemented, leaded by the serious crisis in the emergency rooms medical care, as well as the characteristics of the quality matrix suggested by the program, whose emphasis is the reorganization of the emergency services network and in the reception of the services of hospital emergency driven toward the shelter and the classification of risk, it was decided to deepen the research on the emergency room aspects. From a thorough systematic review based on a universe of 2.992 titles, 882 full articles and abstracts from the period between 2.000 and 2.007 were analyzed. Overcrowding was characterized as a world-wide phenomenon, with causes and consequences. Among the main aspects, this literature raise up a range of interventions to solve the emergency room overcrowding. Low organizational performance is a scientific finding. Interventions that had modified positively the main indicator of overcrowding, the time of permanence in the emergency room, dealt with the improvement of the patients discharge from emergency rooms through the increase of the organizational performance. The results of this systematic revision had demystified the solutions that increase access barriers or improve the structure of the emergency room. The two articles are complementary: the analysis of a quality institutional program concepts and implementation rose up the need to better understand the major characteristics of the emergency room services to identify hypothesis to solve its major problems.