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No description available.

No description available.

Foram examinados 30 pacientes (10 mulheres e 20 homens - média 44,89 anos). Todos os pacientes estavam sob terapia com ciclosporina-A (CsA), e não tinham sido submetidos à antibioticoterapia e nem a tratamento periodontal prévio, por pelo menos 3 meses do início do estudo. O paciente deveria ter, no mínimo 6 dentes. Foram registrados os índices de placa bacteriana (IP), índice gengival (IG), e os valores de profundidade clínica de sondagem (PCS) e nível clínico de inserção (NCI). Análise microbiológica foi realizada a partir de amostras coletadas do sulco/bolsa (s/b) gengival e da saliva estimulada (se). Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos: com crescimento gengival (CCG) e sem crescimento gengival (SCG). Após análise estatística (Teste do Qui-quadrado; teste t de Student; Prova exata de Fisher; ?£0,05), concluiu-se que não houve diferença entre os dois grupos de pacientes com relação ao sexo dos pacientes, dosagem de CsA, tempo decorrido após o transplante, IP, IG, PCS e NCI. O exame microbiológico das amostras coletadas mostrou a presença de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (s/b-23% e se-13%), Porphyromonas sp. (s/b-36% e se-13%), Prevotella sp. (s/b-93% e se-93%), Campylobacter sp. (s/b-30%), Fusobacterium sp. (s/b-66% e se-50%), Peptostreptococcus micros (66%) e Streptococcus b-hemolítico (s/b-57% e se-83%). Destes microorganismos, apenas P. micros mostrou-se diretamente associado ao grupo CCG. Foi possível a detecção de Candida sp. (s/b-30% e se-30%), na amostra de saliva estimulada a presença de Candida sp. estava associada aos pacientes SCG. / This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the association among cyclosporin-A induced gingival overgrowth in heart transplant patients and periodontal and microbiological conditions. Thirty patients (10 female, 20 male) undergoing cyclosporin treatment were evaluated using gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival and saliva samples were collected for microbial analysis. All patients had 6 teeth at least. Exclusion criteria was no antibiotic and/or periodontal treatment could been done 3 months prior. Patients were divided in two groups: with gingival overgrowth (WGO) and no gingival overgrowth (NGO). After statistical analysis (Qui-square test, t-Student test, Exact Fisher test, ?£0,05), was concluded that there was no statistically differences between WGO and NGO groups when compared CsA dosage, time of transplant, GI, PI, PD and CAL. Microbiological exam from subgingival sample detected: A. actinomycetemcomitans (23%), Porphyromonas p. (36%), Prevotella sp. (93%), Campylobacter sp. (30%), Fusobacterium sp. (66%), Peptostreptococcus micros (66%), Streptococcus b-hemolítico (57%). It was found a positive association between P. micros and WGO group. From subgingival and saliva samples was possible the detection of microorganism Candida sp. (30%). There was a positive association between presence of Candida sp. in saliva and NGO group.

Foram examinados 30 pacientes (10 mulheres e 20 homens - média 44,89 anos). Todos os pacientes estavam sob terapia com ciclosporina-A (CsA), e não tinham sido submetidos à antibioticoterapia e nem a tratamento periodontal prévio, por pelo menos 3 meses do início do estudo. O paciente deveria ter, no mínimo 6 dentes. Foram registrados os índices de placa bacteriana (IP), índice gengival (IG), e os valores de profundidade clínica de sondagem (PCS) e nível clínico de inserção (NCI). Análise microbiológica foi realizada a partir de amostras coletadas do sulco/bolsa (s/b) gengival e da saliva estimulada (se). Os pacientes foram divididos em 2 grupos: com crescimento gengival (CCG) e sem crescimento gengival (SCG). Após análise estatística (Teste do Qui-quadrado; teste t de Student; Prova exata de Fisher; ?£0,05), concluiu-se que não houve diferença entre os dois grupos de pacientes com relação ao sexo dos pacientes, dosagem de CsA, tempo decorrido após o transplante, IP, IG, PCS e NCI. O exame microbiológico das amostras coletadas mostrou a presença de Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (s/b-23% e se-13%), Porphyromonas sp. (s/b-36% e se-13%), Prevotella sp. (s/b-93% e se-93%), Campylobacter sp. (s/b-30%), Fusobacterium sp. (s/b-66% e se-50%), Peptostreptococcus micros (66%) e Streptococcus b-hemolítico (s/b-57% e se-83%). Destes microorganismos, apenas P. micros mostrou-se diretamente associado ao grupo CCG. Foi possível a detecção de Candida sp. (s/b-30% e se-30%), na amostra de saliva estimulada a presença de Candida sp. estava associada aos pacientes SCG. / This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining the association among cyclosporin-A induced gingival overgrowth in heart transplant patients and periodontal and microbiological conditions. Thirty patients (10 female, 20 male) undergoing cyclosporin treatment were evaluated using gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), pocket depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival and saliva samples were collected for microbial analysis. All patients had 6 teeth at least. Exclusion criteria was no antibiotic and/or periodontal treatment could been done 3 months prior. Patients were divided in two groups: with gingival overgrowth (WGO) and no gingival overgrowth (NGO). After statistical analysis (Qui-square test, t-Student test, Exact Fisher test, ?£0,05), was concluded that there was no statistically differences between WGO and NGO groups when compared CsA dosage, time of transplant, GI, PI, PD and CAL. Microbiological exam from subgingival sample detected: A. actinomycetemcomitans (23%), Porphyromonas p. (36%), Prevotella sp. (93%), Campylobacter sp. (30%), Fusobacterium sp. (66%), Peptostreptococcus micros (66%), Streptococcus b-hemolítico (57%). It was found a positive association between P. micros and WGO group. From subgingival and saliva samples was possible the detection of microorganism Candida sp. (30%). There was a positive association between presence of Candida sp. in saliva and NGO group.

Kimberlite hosts two populations of olivine that are distinguished on the basis of grain size and morphology; the populations are commonly described genetically as xenocrysts and phenocrysts. Recent studies of zoning patterns in kimberlitic olivine phenocrysts have cast doubt on the actual origins of the smaller olivine crystals. Here, we elucidate the nature and origins of the textural and chemical zonation that characterize both populations of olivine. Specifically, we show that both olivine-I and olivine-II feature chemically distinct overgrowths resulting from magmatic crystallization on pre-existing olivine xenocrysts. These results suggest that the total volume of olivine crystallized during transport is substantially lower (≤5%) than commonly assumed (e.g. ~25%), and that crystallization is dominantly heterogeneous. This reduces estimates of the Mg# in primitive kimberlite melt to more closely reconcile with measured phenocryst compositions. Several additional textures are observed in olivine, and include: sealed cracks, healed cracks, phases trapping in cracks, rounded grains, overgrowths and phase trapping in overgrowths. These features record processes that operate in kimberlite during ascent, and from these features we create a summary model for kimberlite ascent: • Olivine is incorporated into kimberlitic melts at great depths as peridotitic mantle xenoliths. • Shortly after the incorporation of these xenocrysts the tensile strength of the crystals within xenoliths is reached at a minimum of 20 km from its source. Disaggregation of mantle xenoliths producing xenocrysts is facilitated by expansion of the minerals within the xenoliths. • The void space produced by the failure of the crystals is filled with melt and crystals consisting of primary carbonate (high-Sr), chromite and spinel crystals. The carbonate later crystallizes to produce sealed fractures. • Subsequent decompression causes cracks that are smaller than the sealed cracks and are preserved as healed cracks that crosscut sealed cracks. • Mechanical rounding of the xenocrysts post-dates, and/or occurs contemporaneously with decompression events that cause cracking. • Saturation of olivine produces rounded overgrowths on large xenocrysts, euhedral overgrowths on smaller xenocrysts, and a volumetrically minor population of olivine phenocrysts. Olivine growth traps fluid, solid and melt inclusions. Calculations based on these relationships suggest that the melt saturates with olivine at a maximum depth of 20 km and a minimum depth of 7 km.

Kimberlite hosts two populations of olivine that are distinguished on the basis of grain size and morphology; the populations are commonly described genetically as xenocrysts and phenocrysts. Recent studies of zoning patterns in kimberlitic olivine phenocrysts have cast doubt on the actual origins of the smaller olivine crystals. Here, we elucidate the nature and origins of the textural and chemical zonation that characterize both populations of olivine. Specifically, we show that both olivine-I and olivine-II feature chemically distinct overgrowths resulting from magmatic crystallization on pre-existing olivine xenocrysts. These results suggest that the total volume of olivine crystallized during transport is substantially lower (≤5%) than commonly assumed (e.g. ~25%), and that crystallization is dominantly heterogeneous. This reduces estimates of the Mg# in primitive kimberlite melt to more closely reconcile with measured phenocryst compositions. Several additional textures are observed in olivine, and include: sealed cracks, healed cracks, phases trapping in cracks, rounded grains, overgrowths and phase trapping in overgrowths. These features record processes that operate in kimberlite during ascent, and from these features we create a summary model for kimberlite ascent: • Olivine is incorporated into kimberlitic melts at great depths as peridotitic mantle xenoliths. • Shortly after the incorporation of these xenocrysts the tensile strength of the crystals within xenoliths is reached at a minimum of 20 km from its source. Disaggregation of mantle xenoliths producing xenocrysts is facilitated by expansion of the minerals within the xenoliths. • The void space produced by the failure of the crystals is filled with melt and crystals consisting of primary carbonate (high-Sr), chromite and spinel crystals. The carbonate later crystallizes to produce sealed fractures. • Subsequent decompression causes cracks that are smaller than the sealed cracks and are preserved as healed cracks that crosscut sealed cracks. • Mechanical rounding of the xenocrysts post-dates, and/or occurs contemporaneously with decompression events that cause cracking. • Saturation of olivine produces rounded overgrowths on large xenocrysts, euhedral overgrowths on smaller xenocrysts, and a volumetrically minor population of olivine phenocrysts. Olivine growth traps fluid, solid and melt inclusions. Calculations based on these relationships suggest that the melt saturates with olivine at a maximum depth of 20 km and a minimum depth of 7 km.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:15:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_fob_me_arafo.pdf: 2398179 bytes, checksum: 762e3a720233fd398699c82e570416b6 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O diltiazem é um bloqueador dos canais de cálcio indicado para o tratamento da hipertensão e diversos tipos de angina. Esse medicamento pode provocar aumento gengival, embora apresente baixa prevalência. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência da dosagem e do período de administração do diltiazem na indução ou não de aumento gengival em ratos. Quarenta ratos machos jovens foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em oito grupos de acordo com a dosagem e o período de aplicação. Os animais receberam 0 (controle), 5, 20 e 50 mg/kg de peso corporal/dia do diltiazem e foram sacrificados após 20 e 40 dias. Posteriormente, foram realizadas análises macroscópica, histológica e histométrica do tecido gengival. Macro e microscopicamente o tecido gengival de todos os animais dos grupos controle e experimentais apresentou características de normalidade. A análise histométrica da gengiva livre vestibular do primeiro molar inferior demonstrou que não houve influência da dosagem para cada período de aplicação, sendo que somente o grupo de 20 mg/kg mantido 40 dias apresentou uma redução significativa de área de tecido epitelial (teste de Kruskall-Wallis, p=0,010) em relação ao grupo controle/40 dias. Ao analisar a influência do período, por meio do teste de Mann-Whitney, foi verificado que somente o grupo de 20mg/kg apresentou redução significativa tanto de área de tecido conjuntivo (p=0,0367) quanto de tecido epitelial (p=0,0122) comparando-se o período de 20 e 40 dias. Os autores concluíram que o diltiazem não induziu aumento gengival em ratos. Estudos posteriores são necessários para avaliar a influência da dosagem de 20 mg/kg e de dosagens superiores às empregadas neste estudo. / Diltiazem is a calcium channel blocker for treatment of hypertension and various types of angina. It may also, however, provoke gingival overgrowth although this is not frequent. This study evaluated the influence of dosage and duration of diltiazem administration on inducing gingival overgrowth in rats. Forty young male rats were separated into eight groups according to the dosage and duration of administration. The animals received 0 (control), 5, 20 or 50 mg of diltiazem daily per kilogram of bodyweight. They were sacrificed after 20 or 40 day periods for macroscopic, histologic and histometric analysis of the gingiva. Macro and microscopic characteristics of the gingival tissue of all animals studied were found to be normal. Histometric analyses of the free buccal gingiva of the first lower molars showed that regarding the dosage for each period only the group of 20 mg/kg administered for 40 days presented a significant reduction in the area of the epithelial tissue in relation to the control group (p=0,010). Analyses of the time periods indicated that only the 20mg/kg group presented a significant reduction in both the connective (p=0.0367) and epithelial tissues (p=0.0122) when the 20 and 40 day durations were compared. The authors concluded that diltiazem did not induce gingival overgrowth in rats or influence their weight gain. Studies are now necessary to evaluate the influence of the 20 mg/kg and of the larger dosages administered in this study.

Kimberlite hosts two populations of olivine that are distinguished on the basis of grain size and morphology; the populations are commonly described genetically as xenocrysts and phenocrysts. Recent studies of zoning patterns in kimberlitic olivine phenocrysts have cast doubt on the actual origins of the smaller olivine crystals. Here, we elucidate the nature and origins of the textural and chemical zonation that characterize both populations of olivine. Specifically, we show that both olivine-I and olivine-II feature chemically distinct overgrowths resulting from magmatic crystallization on pre-existing olivine xenocrysts. These results suggest that the total volume of olivine crystallized during transport is substantially lower (≤5%) than commonly assumed (e.g. ~25%), and that crystallization is dominantly heterogeneous. This reduces estimates of the Mg# in primitive kimberlite melt to more closely reconcile with measured phenocryst compositions. Several additional textures are observed in olivine, and include: sealed cracks, healed cracks, phases trapping in cracks, rounded grains, overgrowths and phase trapping in overgrowths. These features record processes that operate in kimberlite during ascent, and from these features we create a summary model for kimberlite ascent: • Olivine is incorporated into kimberlitic melts at great depths as peridotitic mantle xenoliths. • Shortly after the incorporation of these xenocrysts the tensile strength of the crystals within xenoliths is reached at a minimum of 20 km from its source. Disaggregation of mantle xenoliths producing xenocrysts is facilitated by expansion of the minerals within the xenoliths. • The void space produced by the failure of the crystals is filled with melt and crystals consisting of primary carbonate (high-Sr), chromite and spinel crystals. The carbonate later crystallizes to produce sealed fractures. • Subsequent decompression causes cracks that are smaller than the sealed cracks and are preserved as healed cracks that crosscut sealed cracks. • Mechanical rounding of the xenocrysts post-dates, and/or occurs contemporaneously with decompression events that cause cracking. • Saturation of olivine produces rounded overgrowths on large xenocrysts, euhedral overgrowths on smaller xenocrysts, and a volumetrically minor population of olivine phenocrysts. Olivine growth traps fluid, solid and melt inclusions. Calculations based on these relationships suggest that the melt saturates with olivine at a maximum depth of 20 km and a minimum depth of 7 km. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) är ett tillstånd där tunntarmen koloniseras av bakterier som normalt finns i tjocktarmen. SIBO utvecklas när de normala homeostatiska mekanismerna som kontrollerar enteriska bakteriepopulationen störs. I tunntarmen ska det finnas väldigt liten mängd bakterier medan i tjocktarmen bör det finnas mycket större mängder bakterier. När bakterierna tar sig in i tunntarmen, resulterar det i SIBO. Denna bakteriella obalans i tunntarmen kan orsaka bland annat uppblåsthet, diarré och magsmärta, förstoppning och försämrat upptag av vitaminer och näringsämnen. Att behandla den underliggande orsaken bakom SIBO är det första steget i behandlingen och om detta inte räcker till, är antibiotikabehandlingen nästa steg. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka hur effektiv Rifaximin är vid behandling av bakteriell överväxt i tunntarmen (SIBO). Arbetet är en litteraturstudie och de vetenskapliga artiklarna är hämtade från databasen Pubmed. I detta arbete har fem studier analyserats. Studie I visade att högdosbehandling med rifaximin gav signifikant ökad behandlingseffekt jämfört med lågdosbehandling hos IBS-patienter. Studie II visade att kombination av amoxicillin och rifaximin kan vara en effektiv förstahandsbehandling för patienter som har både SIBO och H. pylori infektion. Studie III bekräftade att SIBO är underdiagnoserat hos Cystisk fibros patienter och är relaterad till en dålig näringsstatus. Rifaximin är en effektiv behandling av SIBO hos patienter som har Cystisk fibros. Studie IV visade att kombinationen av rifaximin tillsammans med hydrolyserat guargummi verkar vara mer effektivt vid utrotning av SIBO jämfört med enbart rifaximin hos SIBO patienter. Studie V studerade  rifaximinbehandlade IBS-patienter och fann att rifaximinbehandling var associerad med acceleration av kolontransitering samt hade svag påverkan på förändringar i mikrobiell artrikedom i feces. Baserat på de fem studierna föreligger det skäliga bevis att behandling med rifaxamin är en effektiv behandling vid SIBO. Mer forskning och studier behövs för att kunna bestämma den bästa dosen samt utvärdera rifaximin i kombination med andra läkemedel. / SIBO (Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth) is a condition where the small intestine is colonized by bacteria normally found in the large intestine. SIBO develops when the normal homeostatic mechanisms controlling the enteric bacterial population are disrupted. In the small intestine, there should be very small number of bacteria while in the large intestine there should be much larger number of bacteria. When the bacteria colonizes the small intestine, it results in SIBO. This bacterial imbalance in the small intestine can cause bloating, diarrhea and stomach pain, constipation and impaired absorption of vitamins and nutrients. Treating the underlying cause of SIBO is the first step in the treatment and if this is not enough, antibiotic treatment is the next step. The purpose of this literature study was to investigate the effectiveness of Rifaximin in treatment of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The study is a literature study where the scientific articles were obtained from the database Pubmed. In this literature study, five studies have been analyzed. Study I showed that high-dose treatment with rifaximin significantly increased treatment efficacy compared to low-dose treatment. Study II showed that a combination of amoxicillin and rifaximin can be an effective first-line treatment for patients who have both SIBO and H. pylori infection. Study III confirmed that SIBO is underdiagnosed in CF patients, related to poor nutritional status. Rifaximin is an effective treatment for SIBO in patients who have CF. Study IV also showed a combination treatment where rifaximin together with hydrolyzed guar gum appears to be more effective in eradicating SIBO compared to rifaximin alone. Study V studied rifaximin-treated IBS patients, rifaximin treatment was associated with acceleration of colon transit, and a weak influence on changes in microbial species richness in faeces. Based on the five studies, there is reasonable evidence that a treatment with rifaximin is an effective treatment for SIBO. However, more research and studies are needed to determine the best dose and also rifaximin in combination with other drugs.