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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Investigations Into The Chemoselective Modification Of THAM Directed Towards Biological Applications

Calzavara, Janice L. 04 1900 (has links)
<p>Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM) was a readily-available and economical amino-triol that was viewed as having a large untapped potential as a starting material. The full chemoselective functionalization and differentiation of the amino group and the three primary alcohol residues present in THAM was extensively investigated. The development of this methodology allowed for the rapid assembly of a differentiated core that lead to existing and new potential drug scaffolds.</p> <p>The discovery of a novel oxidative fragmentation and rearrangement process was made leading to the synthesis of differentiated oxazolidinone rings. This process allowed for the creation of novel chemical library situated around THAM-based oxazolidinones, as well as THAM-based 1,3-dioxanes.</p> <p>THAM was also used as a starting material for sphingosine analogs, including sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and anticancer S1K inhibitors. Selective functionalization of the amine and one alcohol within an oxazolidinone ring allowed access to a new family of Linezolid-type oxazolidinones as well. Additionally, various triazole-based compounds were prepared, which allowed access to a new family of potential antifungal agents based on the lead compound Fluconazole.</p> <p>A total synthesis of the immunosuppressant molecule FTY720 was also reported, employing double Wittig-olefination protocol, from THAM. This synthesis avoided certain pitfalls that were present in previously documented literature methods. Along the pathway to FTY720, many intermediates and analogs were synthesized and tested for biological activity alongside the novel oxazolidinone compounds, resulting in interesting lead compounds for various biological applications. A UV-active FTY720 scaffold was also synthesized for potential future <em>in vivo</em> tracking of the immunosuppressant and its metabolites.</p> / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
12

Dynamic Systems : Enzymatic Synthesis, Exchange Reactions and Applications in Materials Science

Zhang, Yang January 2015 (has links)
This thesis is divided into three parts, revolving around the developments of dynamic systems utilized in dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) and constitutional dynamic chemistry (CDC). The first section gives an introduction to constitutional dynamics, the core concept of this thesis. Constitutional dynamics can be tuned through reversible interactions. Then, the basic principles of constitutional dynamics in DKR and CDC are discussed, along with their applications. The second section explores the asymmetric synthesis of oxazolidinone derivatives using lipase catalysis through kinetic resolution (KR) and dynamic kinetic resolution. In the first example, synthetic protocol to enantioenriched 5-phenyloxazolidin-2-ones is described, where a kinetically controlled carbamation is followed by lipase-catalyzed cyclization. In contrast to the 5-substituted species, the synthesis of 3-phenyloxazolidin-2-one derivatives could be achieved through lipase-catalyzed cascade O- and N- alkoxycarbonylations in one pot. Furthermore, this KR system could be coupled to a ruthenium-catalyzed racemization process of 1,2-aminoalcohols, thus providing an efficient DKR methodology for asymmetric transformations. The third section focuses on dynamic systems built through reversible covalent reactions. In the first example, a selective gelation process is described, and employed to resolve dynamic imine systems consisting of gelator candidates.  In the second example, reversible reactions with aldehyde enamines are presented, including enamine formation and exchange reactions. In particular, Bi(III) and Sc(III) were discovered to accelerate the enamine exchange reactions by 50-400 times, in which the equilibria could be reached within hours. The last example describes reversible nitroaldol reactions in aqueous media, where rapid and efficient equilibration was identified for selected structures in neutral phosphate buffer. / <p>QC 20150911</p>
13

Etude comparative de la réactivité des β-lactones et β-thiolactones. Synthèse stéréosélective d’α-C- et S-glycosides à partir de dérivés de l’acide N-acétylneuraminique / Comparative study of β-lactones and β-thiolactones reactivity. Stereoselective synthesis of α-C- and S-glycosides from N-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives

Noël, Amandine 13 November 2012 (has links)
Les β-lactones étant présentes dans de nombreux composés naturels biologiquement actifs, cette famille de molécules a été intensivement étudiée aussi bien d’un point de vue structural que pour leur réactivité, contrairement aux β-thiolactones. Afin d’établir un parallèle entre ces deux familles, nous avons étudié leur stabilité thermique en comparant les vitesses d’extrusion de CO2 et COS. Le suivi réactionnel a été réalisé par UV-spectrométrie de masse sur des β-lactones di-, tri- et tétrasubstituées et les β-thiolactones correspondantes, dans deux solvants (un polaire, l’autre apolaire). Utilisant la même stratégie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l’ouverture de ces hétérocycles par différents nucléophiles ainsi que la formation cinétique compétitive des β-(thio)lactones à partir d’un intermédiaire commun. Les similitudes entre les β-lactones et β-thiolactones soulignées par ces investigations, ont révélé la possible utilisation de ces dernières comme substitut des premières. La deuxième partie de ce manuscrit concerne la synthèse de mimes des O-sialosides présents dans de nombreux processus biologiques mais sensibles à l’hydrolyse enzymatique. A partir de dérivés de l’acide N-acétylneuraminique, nous avons développé des méthodes de C- et S-glycosylations électrophiles α-sélectives, et efficaces malgré la présence d’un groupement électroattracteur en C2 et du méthylène en C3 favorisant la formation du glycal. Ces techniques de synthèse, conduisant à des rendements et sélectivités excellents, pourront trouver des applications pour la synthèse de glycomimétiques. / Β-Lactones are present in many biologically active natural products; consequently, much attention has been focused on these compounds concerning structural properties as well as reactivity, unlike β-thiolactones. In order to compare these two compounds families, we have studied their thermal stability investigating the rate of CO2 and COS extrusion. Reactions were monitored by UV-mass spectrometry starting from di-, tri- and tetrasubstituted β-lactones and the corresponding β-thiolactones, in two different solvents (one polar, the other apolar). Using the same strategy, we worked on heterocycles opening by various nucleophiles. We have also studied the competitive kinetic formation of β-(thio)lactones from a common intermediate. These investigations permitted to show the similarities between these two families and revealled the possible use of β-thiolactones as β-lactone surrogates. O-Sialosides are present in many biological processes but are sensitive to enzymatic hydrolysis. We have worked on N-acetylneuraminic acid derivatives to develop a new method leading to α-selective C- and S-glycosylations, which is efficient in spite of the presence of a withdrawing group at C2 and methylene at C3 which increase glycal formation. This method leads to excellent yield and selectivity and could find applications on glycomimetic synthesis.
14

Etude comparative de la réactivité des β-lactones et β-thiolactones. Synthèse stéréosélective d'α-C- et S-glycosides à partir de dérivés de l'acide N-acétylneuraminique

Noël, Amandine 13 November 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Les β-lactones étant présentes dans de nombreux composés naturels biologiquement actifs, cette famille de molécules a été intensivement étudiée aussi bien d'un point de vue structural que pour leur réactivité, contrairement aux β-thiolactones. Afin d'établir un parallèle entre ces deux familles, nous avons étudié leur stabilité thermique en comparant les vitesses d'extrusion de CO2 et COS. Le suivi réactionnel a été réalisé par UV-spectrométrie de masse sur des β-lactones di-, tri- et tétrasubstituées et les β-thiolactones correspondantes, dans deux solvants (un polaire, l'autre apolaire). Utilisant la même stratégie, nous nous sommes intéressés à l'ouverture de ces hétérocycles par différents nucléophiles ainsi que la formation cinétique compétitive des β-(thio)lactones à partir d'un intermédiaire commun. Les similitudes entre les β-lactones et β-thiolactones soulignées par ces investigations, ont révélé la possible utilisation de ces dernières comme substitut des premières. La deuxième partie de ce manuscrit concerne la synthèse de mimes des O-sialosides présents dans de nombreux processus biologiques mais sensibles à l'hydrolyse enzymatique. A partir de dérivés de l'acide N-acétylneuraminique, nous avons développé des méthodes de C- et S-glycosylations électrophiles α-sélectives, et efficaces malgré la présence d'un groupement électroattracteur en C2 et du méthylène en C3 favorisant la formation du glycal. Ces techniques de synthèse, conduisant à des rendements et sélectivités excellents, pourront trouver des applications pour la synthèse de glycomimétiques.

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