The diploma thesis describes monitoring of photocatalytic activity of titanium dioxide thin films and photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes, the degradation was also experimentally researched in thin film with polymer matrix. Suitable dye for construction of optical sensor for UV light was chosen from the rate of the azo dyes fading by UV and VIS light. The bleaching rate of the sensors was influenced by addition of another dye into the composition and also by concentration of photocatalyst, polymer and calibration agents. At the end of this thesis, the reciprocity test of prepared compositions was made.

Tato diplomová práce se zabývá testováním vhodných indikátorových inkoustů k ohodnocení fotokatalytické aktivity. V teoretické části jsem studovala literaturu související s možnostmi stanovování fotokatalytické aktivity a zaměřila se také na kinetiku, kterou je zmíněnou fotokatalýzu možné ohodnotit. V experimentální části jsem mnou vybraná barviva natiskla na skleněný substrát obsahující vrstvu oxidu titaničitého a následně je otestovala. Došlo také k úpravě aparatury, aby bylo možné měřit větší škálu barev. Po otestování a vybrání vhodných barviv jsem se pokusila o optimalizaci podmínek tisku. Nakonec jsem optimalizovala i samotnou aparaturu.

Předkládaná práce se zabývá nalezením vhodných podmínek pro výrobu nanaporézní struktury na tenké hliníkové vrstvě. V této práci jsou popsány postupy výroby nanoporézních struktur a jejich přípravou. Vznikly póry o rozměrech 5–20 nm. Byla zkoumána závislosti proudové hustoty v zavislosti na přiloženém pulzu. Všechny výsledky byly zkoumány pomocí SEM analýzy. Byla použita cyklická volatmetrie pro stanovení redukčního napětí při depozici niklu a zlata.

This thesis is concerned with the creation of indoor air and requirements on it, describes the components of the internal environment, in particular the formation of carbon dioxide and its properties. It also deals with the experimental measurement of the concentration of carbon dioxide in the classrooms and the subsequent evaluation according to the valid legal regulations. In the last part, I dealt with a proposal for the creation of internal systems that are specified by the building.

Alumina based transparent ceramic bodies were prepared within this diploma thesis by the gel casting process followed by presintering to closed porosity stage with subsequent hot isostatic pressing. The problematic drying of large bodies was solved by means of careful temperature and relative humidity control and by osmotic drying. Almost perfectly dense ceramics were achieved thanks to colloidal processing of TM-DAR and TM-UF ceramic powders providing a final structure with grain size of 381 nm, resp. 302 nm. High real in-line transmission of 72,3 % was achieved at wavelength of 632,8 nm and thickness of 0,8 mm. Among mechanical properties high values of hardness HV10 = 22,5 GPa, fracture toughness KIC = 3,99 MPam0,5, Young’s modulus E = 400 GPa a bending strength o = 494 MPa were achieved.

The presented diploma thesis deals with the potential use of colloidal silica in cement composites. Investigation is focused primarily on selected properties of cement pastes and mortars with colloidal silica content. Two selected types of colloidal silica (particles with average size of 14 nm) have been used as a cement addition and partial replacement of cement, respectively. The experimental program for cement pastes with colloidal silica included tests for isothermal calorimetry (the study of cement hydration) and thermal analysis (determining the portlandite content). Hardened cement pastes have been studied through measurements of compressive strength. The microstructure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Hardened mortars with colloidal silica have been studied through measurements of compressive strength, flexural strength, modulus of elasticity and fracture mechanics parameters. Fracture mechanics tests show that 5 % and 20 % addition of colloidal silica can enhance after 28 days of curing fracture energy up to 18,4 % and 32,7 %, respectively. For the compressive strength enhancing effect of colloidal silica, it was found to be more pronounced in the early age, while rate of strength gain can be lower than the control in the later ages. Our investigations revealed that the silica sol will coagulate immediately when the cement is mixed into the water containing sol. The ionic composition of pore fluid significantly influences the stability of colloidal silica and lead to their aggregation. After additional tests it has been found that small addition of calcium hydroxide greatly improved the compressive strength of the resulting cement pastes with colloidal silica content. Addition of calcium hydroxide in conjunction with modified cement paste preparation can enhance compressive strength after 3 days of curing up to 64,4 % in comparison with the blank paste.

This thesis deals with the study of cells on nanostructured surfaces of titanium dioxide, which are produced by the electrochemical method called anodic oxidation. The theoretical part is formed by an overview of manufacturing nanostructured surfaces using anodic oxidation method. It mentions the influence of external factors on the geometric parameters of the structure and description of methods of characterization structures. Furthermore there is processed outline of use for biomedical application and the description of interaction of the cell with surface. The practical part includes description of the production of nanoporous and nano-tubular structures made on thin films of titanium by direct method of anodic oxidation on which was studied the influence of external factors. Described a procedure and production of nanorods structures and nanodots generated using alumina template (AAO) which is subsequently carried out the study of the behavior of cells, which includes tests of adhesion, examination of morphology of cells, assays of proliferation and differentiation. Structures are under investigation of the interaction of cells with the nanostructured layer compared with the smooth surface of the titanium dioxide.

A process with aim to prepare an oxidically and thermal resistant layer was performed on the samples from clear aluminium (99,99+ %, VÚK čisté kovy, s. r. o.) and on the samples from clear titanium (99,95 % Goodfellow) with a layer from sputtered aluminium (99,99 %, VÚK čisté kovy, s. r. o.), An oxidic layer was prepared on the samples by anodization in the oxalic acid. The layer had fine, hexagonally organized pores with the diameter of 30 nm. During the following processing was the structure prepared for the electrochemical deposition of copper to the pores. The aim of the electrodeposition was preparation of copper nanowires deposited into the pores of the oxidic layer. The process was performed in the solution of copper sulfate and sulfuric acid in water. The controlling parameter of the deposition was voltage which had a very asymmetric period. The period had to be optimized for a successful preparation of the wires. The result of the whole process was structure with oxidic matrix whose most of the pores were filled with copper.

Silica bricks is a refractory building material which contains at least 93 % of silicon dioxide in polymorphic forms, mostly -tridymite, -cristobalite and unreacted -quartz. In glass industry is used for building crowns of glass tanks and in coke industry is used for building coke oven batteries. The advantage is the high refractoriness under load, high resistance to acidic melts. The disadvantage is the low resistance to changes in temperature below 600 °C. The thesis deals with the influence of repeated firing on the silica bricks and to its porous structure and mineralogical composition.

The subject of this theses is a preparation of chemical UV dosimeters working on diverse principles and their printing. Three UV dosimeters were prepared. The first one is based on a photocalalytic reaction of titanium dioxide with redox dyes. Two other dosimeters are based on a reaction of a photolabile substance able to produce an intermediate reacting with a dye. Prepared dosimeter compositions were coated using a material roll-to-roll printing machine on a corona-treated PET foil. Prepared dosimeter compositions were calibrated for desired exposition to UV radiation doses. Validity of a reciprocity law was verified.