Background: Ageing is associated with age-related disease and it has been divided into 12 hallmarks and cellular senescence is one of them. Cellular senescence increases with age and has different pathological inducing aspects in the tissue. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is used in the clinic to treat different pathological conditions and has emerged as a possible intervention for the reduction of senescent cells. Reducing senescent cells could be a way to reduce the effects of ageing and therefore possibly in the future treat age-related diseases. Aim: This systematic literature review aims to investigate articles researching the effect of HBO exposure on senescent cells and the properties of senescent cells. Methods: PubMed database was used in this systematic literature review. Exclusion and inclusion criteria were specified using the PECO format. A search plan was created using both MeSH words and free text words. An article search was performed twice on 11 th September 2023 and 20 th November 2023. The exclusion and inclusion criteria were used to filter the search results and for the full-text review. Result: 6 articles in total were included in this study. 2 of those included articles were conducted on humans while the rest were conducted on animals or animal cells. Two studies showed that HBOT decreases the number of senescent cells, one study showed that the senescent cell markers and SASP were decreased post-HBOT, two studies showed that the properties of senescent cells were decreased post-HBOT while one study showed the contrary with an increased senescent cell properties. Conclusion: The result of this systematic literature review suggests that there is an association between HBOT and a decrease in senescent cells or its properties. More research is needed though to better understand the relationship between HBOT and the effect it imposes on senescent cells.

Nursing Procedures of Oxygen Administration to Newborns The diploma thesis is to outline the current perspective of oxygen therapy of newborns who need highly specialized care as early as in the delivery room and subsequently in intensive and resuscitation care units of perinatologic centres. The research in the diploma thesis is focused on the assessment of the level of implementation of recommendations of the Czech Neonatology Society concerning oxygen administration on all levels of neonatal care. The theoretical part addresses the first treatment and evaluation of a newborn. Then the reasons leading to oxygen administration are discussed as well as the methods of oxygen application in the delivery room and intensive and resuscitation care units. Being at the forefront, oxygen is one of the most often administered medicines. Inadequate use of oxygen as a medicine increases the risk of complications for the newborn. The delivery and the first weeks after the birth rank among the crucial periods of every child. Adherence to the recommended procedures improves the outlooks of premature newborns for leading quality life. The objective of the thesis is to ascertain the level of implementation of recommendations of the Czech Neonatology Society concerning oxygen administration on all levels of neonatal care. The research was quantitative and used the questionnaire technique. The author created one kind of the questionnaire for the selected research set. The set consisted of nurses working in neonatal wards of selected hospitals. A total of 65 questions were created to ascertain the level of implementation of recommendations of the Czech Neonatology Society concerning oxygen administration on all levels of neonatal care. The research set consisted of 184 respondents. In order to attain the objective, the following hypotheses were raised: H1: Nurses know the current recommendations for oxygen administration to newborns. H2: Delivery rooms have sufficient technical equipment for oxygen administration to newborns. H3: Nurses are theoretically and practically trained for situations requiring oxygen administration to newborns. H4: Clearly formulated rules of oxygen therapy are available for nurses in a written form in a well visible place in the delivery room. Based on the statistically processed results, the first three hypotheses have been confirmed. The fourth hypothesis was disconfirmed. The objective of the thesis has been attained. The research results may be used for better understanding of the issue of oxygen administration to newborns in a hypoxic condition with regard to the findings of its toxicity. In order to secure adherence to the recommendations for oxygen administration to newborns, it is appropriate to create a nursing procedure and standard and secure its availability in every delivery room and station.

A câmara hiperbárica, equipamento pelo tratamento de diversos tipos de doenças ou síndromes, possui uma restrição muito grande quanto à instrumentação biomédica utilizada para monitoramento dos pacientes, devido ao alto risco de fogo ou explosão, por trabalhar com oxigênio (O2)sob pressão. No presente trabalho é descrito o desenvolvimento de um dispositivo biotelemétrico ativo, porém de baixo consumo e menor possível envolvida, capaz de monitorar, em tempo real, o sinal de ECG de um paciente sob tratamento hiperbárico. Para minimizar a possibilidade de se gravar níveis de calor suficientes para iniciar uma explosão,optou-se pelo uso de circuitos eletrônicos que, comparativamente, pudessem operar com os menores níveis de energia. Além disso, procurou-se evitar o uso de materiais que em contato com o O2 puro pudessem causar reações químicas que levassem a uma explosão. Neste sentido, optou-se por alimentar o dispositivo usando-se células fotovoltaícas, evitando assim o uso de baterias. Para se chegar a este desenvolvimento, estudaram-se os níveis de campo elétrico necessários para a deflagração de faíscas elétricas (Curvas de Paschen) dentro de uma câmara hiperbárica protótipo contendo O2 sob pressão. Os resultados definem uma relação segura entre a tensão aplicada e a distância entre as partes condutoras de um circuito eletrônico dentro da câmara (trilhas da placa de circuito impresso ou terminais de componentes). / Hyperbaric chambers are a kind of equipament used to treat several illness or syndromes. However, it is very dangerous whenever electronic instruments are used inside it, because the chamber has oxygen (O2) under pressure and the equipment can originate fires, specially due to the generation of sparks. In the present work, it is described the development of an active biotelemetric device. The circuit is capable to monitor, in real time, the ECG signal of a patient during hyperbaric treatment. To minimize the possibility of generating temperature values high enough to initiate an explosion, it was chosen to use electronic circuits that, comparative, could operate with low levels of energy. Moreover, materials that when in contact with pure O2 could cause chemical reactions that would lead to an explosion, have been avoided. In this direction, it was chosen to feed the device using photovoltaic cells, thus avoiding the use of batteries. To reach this development, the necessary levels of electric field for the deflagration of electric sparks have been studied (by Paschen’s Curves) and tests inside a prototype hyperbaric chamber, using O2 under pressure, have been carried out. The final results define a safe relation between applied voltage and the conductive electronic circuit parts inside the chamber (copper trace and pads of the printed circuit board).

Oxygen supplementation has been an important part of respiratory failure treatment in all fields of clinical medicine, especially on intensive care units (hereinafter referred to as ICU). Oxygen therapy is a life-saving measure but indiscriminate administration of oxygen can cause lung and nerve damage and consequently increase morbidity and mortality (1). In clinical practice we often encounter mechanically ventilated patients with high partial pressures of oxygen in arterial blood (5) which should direct our attention to possible consequences and have reliable data how is oxygen treatment managed. This thesis focuses on the exposure to toxic concentrations of oxygen on the resuscitation ward. The aim of this thesis is to determine whether patients are exposed to high concentrations of oxygen. Two other aims of this study are to find out how long are patients in a state of hyperoxemia and whether medical staff reacts to measured partial pressures of oxygen (hereinafter referred to as paO2) values in these patients by reducing oxygen fraction (hereinafter referred to as FiO2) on the ventilator. The research part of this thesis is a quantitative observational retrospective research. The inclusion criteria were hospital admission from 1st July to 1st October 2019, at least two paO2 values greater...

<p>Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive diagnostic technique that provides unique information about the biochemical composition of the human body. By excluding the overwhelming signals from water and fat, clinically relevant biomarkers such as lactate, N-acetyl aspartate, choline, creatine, glutamate/glutamine (Glx), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutathione, and myoinositol can be reliably quantified. MRS has diverse applications in investigating the metabolic window of a wide range of biochemical processes. </p> <p>Here, we have utilized MRS to better understand chemical changes associated with neurological disorders and treatment response. We have investigated neurometabolic imbalances in brain regions related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). MRS was applied to better understand the neurobiological processes of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in military veterans with clinically diagnosed traumatic brain injury and/or PTSD.</p>

Submitted by GIOVANNA HASS BUENO null (giovannahass@uol.com.br) on 2017-02-17T18:51:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DEFESA GIOVANNA HASS BUENO (pós defesa).pdf: 2166823 bytes, checksum: 0b75b021e61c018ad5c824251b548ecd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-02-21T14:53:52Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_gh_me_bot.pdf: 2166823 bytes, checksum: 0b75b021e61c018ad5c824251b548ecd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-21T14:53:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bueno_gh_me_bot.pdf: 2166823 bytes, checksum: 0b75b021e61c018ad5c824251b548ecd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Introdução: A Oxigenoterapia Domiciliar Prolongada (ODP) é um tratamento utilizado para pacientes com DPOC grave. O tratamento apresenta inúmeras vantagens, como o aumento da capacidade funcional, melhoras nos sintomas, mas os usuários também reconhecem que há desvantagens no uso deste. Identificam-se alguns problemas, como barreiras físicas e psicossociais e desafios emocionais. Muitas vezes os usuários necessitam de auxílios para desenvolver atividades cotidianas, precisando de cuidados de parentes e amigos, exercendo o cuidado informal. É fundamental que a equipe tenha conhecimento das mudanças na vida do paciente e de seus cuidadores, dos enfrentamentos dos desafios com a terapia, de forma a otimizar o cuidado, fazendo as adaptações necessárias a eles e com a equipe, proporcionando qualidade de vida para ambos. Também é essencial reconhecer as vantagens que a terapia causa tanto para o usuário tanto para o cuidador, fortalecendo o uso da ODP e incentivando os cuidadores nas tarefas prestadas ao paciente. Objetivo: Conhecer a visão dos pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC sobre o uso da ODP e de seus cuidadores sobre o cuidado com um paciente em uso da ODP. Método: Trata-se de estudo de caráter qualitativo. Foram entrevistados 14 pacientes com seus respectivos cuidadores, atendidos no Ambulatório de Oxigenoterapia do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu com diagnóstico de DPOC durante o segundo semestre de 2015. Foi utilizada para os pacientes uma entrevista semi-estruturada, com as seguintes questões norteadoras: “O que significa para você usar o Oxigênio?”, “O que mudou em sua vida depois que você começou a usar a ODP?”, “O que mudou na vida das pessoas que convivem com você em sua casa depois de começar a usar ODP?” e “ você tem atividade de lazer?” . Para os cuidadores, foi utilizada também uma entrevista semi-estruturada, com as seguintes questões norteadoras: “O que significa para você cuidar de uma pessoa que depende do uso da ODP?”, “O que mudou em sua vida depois que você começou a cuidar desse usuário?”, “O que mudou na vida das pessoas que convivem com você depois que começou a cuidar?” e “você tem atividade de lazer?”. Foi aplicada também a escala Caregiver Burden scale (CB scale), para medir o impacto subjetivo das doenças crônicas na vida dos cuidadores. As entrevistas foram avaliadas pela “Análise do Conteúdo de Bardin” e a CS scale foi analisada através do cálculo da média aritmética dos escores atribuídos aos 22 itens. Resultados: Os pacientes tinham idade média de 73 + 10,4anos, sendo 6 do sexo feminino, 1 analfabeto e 13 com escolaridade inferior ao ensino médio. Todos ex tabagistas, fumava em média 25 + 15,9 cigarros ao dia. O tempo médio de uso de O2 foi 3,5 ±2,0 anos, a média diária de horas de uso foi 18,8 ± 4,6. Das falas surgiram quatro categorias: Fortalezas da terapia: melhora nos sintomas, da qualidade de vida e do aspecto emocional. Desafios da terapia: isolamento social, dificuldade no envolvimento emocional, piora no autocuidado, funcionalidade do concentrador O2 e acessórios e aspectos econômicos. Alterações emocionais, sociais, da vida cotidiana e econômicas na vida do usuário: processo de adaptação com dificuldades de aceitação, mudança na autoestima e da personalidade e mudança das atividades de lazer. Alterações na relação familiar do usuário: isolamento social do cuidador, envolvimento emocional dos familiares e comprometimento do cuidador. Os cuidadores tinham idade média de 63 +11 anos, sendo 11 do sexo feminino e todos alfabetizados. O tempo médio de cuidado diário prestado foi de 19 + 8,2 horas, e a média em anos dedicados ao cuidado foi 2,7 + 2, apenas 1 cuidador tinha o trabalho remunerado, e 2 tiveram seu estado de saúde piorado depois que passaram a ser cuidador. A categoria mais sobrecarregada da CB scale foi o ambiente, seguido da decepção, tensão geral, envolvimento emocional, e por último isolamento. Das falas surgiram quatro categorias: Fortalezas do cuidador: melhora do estado geral e da capacidade funcional do usuário, facilidades no manuseio do equipamento e importância do aspecto emocional do cuidador. Desafios do cuidador: envolvimento emocional, capacidade funcional do cuidador, mudança na vida cotidiana, funcionalidade do concentrador O2 e acessórios, aspecto econômico, aspectos da personalidade do usuário. Alterações emocionais, sociais, da vida cotidiana e econômicas na vida do cuidador: isolamento social, envolvimento emocional, autonomia, aspectos da personalidade do cuidador, alteração na vida cotidiana, sexualidade, autoestima, atividades de lazer. Alterações na relação familiar do cuidador: aspecto da personalidade, estrutura familiar. Conclusão: Diante desse estudo, são nítidas as mudanças no cotidiano e do comportamento dos usuários e de seus cuidadores. Frente a isso, é fundamental que a equipe esteja preparada para fornecer educação adequada a eles, para otimizar a utilização e o cuidado, diminuindo medo e barreiras com o tratamento. / Introduction: Long-term Oxygen Therapy (LTOT) is a treatment used for patients with severe COPD. The treatment has numerous advantages, such as increased functional capacity and improvements in symptons, but users also recognize that there are disadvantages in using it. Some problems like physical and psychosocial barriers and emotional challenges can be identified. Users often need help to develop everyday activities, needing care from relatives and friends, practicing informal care. It is essential that the team is aware of all the changes in the life of the patients and their caregivers and the challenges of the therapy itself, in order to optimize care, making necessary adjustments to them and the team, providing quality of life for both. It is also essential to recognize the benefits that the therapy brings to both, the user and the caregiver, by strengthening the use of LTOT and encouraging caregivers in the tasks provided to the patient. Objective: Identify the vision of patients with COPD about the use of LTOT as well as the vision of the caregivers about the care of a patient using LTOT. Methodology: This is a qualitative study. During the second semester of 2015, fourteen patients attended at the Oxygen Therapy Outpatient of Botucatu Clinic Hospital, of Botucatu Medicine College, and their respective caregivers were interviewed. A semi-structured interview was used for the patients, with the following guiding questions: “What does it mean for you to use oxygen?”, “What has changed in your life after you started using LTOT”, “What has changed in the lives of people who live with you in your home after you start using LTOT” and “Do you have any leisure activity?”. For the caregivers, a semi-structured interview was also used, with the following guiding questions: “What does it mean for you to take care of a person who depends on LTOT”, “What has changed in your life after you started taking care of this user?”, “What has changed in the lives of the people who live with you after you sarted taking care?” and “Do you have any leisure activity?”. The Caregiver Burden Scale (CB scale) was also applied to measure the subjective impact of chronic diseases on caregivers’ lives. The interviews were evaluated by the “Bardin Content Analysis” and the CB scale was anallyzed by calculating the arithmetic mean of the scores attributed to the 22 items. Results: Patients had a mean age of 73 + 10.4 years, of whom 6 were female, 1 was illiterate and 13 were under secondary school. All ex-smokers smoked, on average, 25 + 15.9 cigarettes a day. The mean time of O2 use was 3.5 ±2 years and the mean of daily hours use was 18.8 ± 4.6. Four categories emerged from the speeches: Strengths of therapy: Improvement in symptoms, quality of life and emotional aspects. Therapy challenges: Social isolation, difficulty in emotional involvement, worsening in self-care, functionality of the O2 concentrator and economic aspects. Emotional, social, daily and economic changes in the user’s life: Adaptation process with acceptance difficulties, changes in self-esteem, personality and leisure activities. User’s family relationship changes: Social isolation of the caregiver, emotional involvement of the family and commitment of the caregiver. The caregivers had a mean age of 63 + 11 years, of which 11 were female and all were literate. The daily care time mean was 19 + 8.2 hours and the mean of the years dedicated to care was 2.7 ± 2, only 1 caregiver had paid work and 2 had their health status worsened after becoming a caregiver. The most overloaded category of CB scale was the environment, followed by disappointment, general tension, emotional involvement and, ultimately, isolation. Four categories emerged from the speeches: Strengths of the caregiver: Improvement of the user’s general state and functional capacity, facility in the handling of the equipment and importance of the caregiver’s emotional aspect. Caregiver’s challenges: emotional involvement, functional capacity of the caregiver, change in daily life, functionality of the O2 concentrator and accessories, economic aspects and user’s personality aspects. Emotional, social, daily and economic changes in the caregiver’s life: Social isolation, emotional involvement, autonomy, caregiver’s personality aspects, change in daily life, sexuality, self-esteem and leisure activities. Caregiver’s family relationship changes: personality aspects and family structure. Conclusion: In face of this study, daily life changes and user’s and caregiver’s behavior changes are very clear. Therefore, the team needs to be prepared to provide adequate education to them in order to optimize use and care, reducing fear and barriers to use the treatment.

Long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) or home mechanical ventilation (HMV) can improve survival time in chronic respiratory failure. A national quality register could be an aid to identifying risk markers and optimizing therapy for respiratory failure. Aims: ▪To identify risk markers for chronic respiratory failure, especially when triggered by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). ▪To predict sex-related differences in the future need of LTOT for COPD and to study sex related survival rate in COPD patients starting LTOT. ▪To investigate if HMV is more effective than LTOT alone in treating chronic respiratory failure caused by kyphoscoliosis. ▪To evaluate the use of quality indicators in LTOT. Methods: Swedish national registers for LTOT and HMV were established in 1987 and 1996 respectively. They were reconstructed in 2004 to form the web-based register Swedevox. Indications for LTOT were based on the guidelines from the Swedish Society for Respiratory Medicine. The incidence and prevalence of LTOT for COPD were measured annually from 1987 to 2000, and the future need for LTOT was estimated on the basis of the frequency of ever smoking in Sweden in 2001 in different age groups. A postal questionnaire on occupational exposures was completed by 181 patients with severe pulmonary fibrosis who started LTOT between 1997 and 2000, and by 757 controls. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. Time to death was evaluated in kyphoscoliotic patients starting HMV or LTOT alone in 1996-2004. Ten quality indicators were defined and evaluated based on data from patients starting LTOT in 1987-2005. Results: The incidence each year of LTOT in COPD patients increased more rapidly in women than in men (from 2.0 and 2.8/100,000 in 1987 to 7.6 and 7.1/100,000 in 2000 respectively, (p < 0.001)). Women ran a 1.9 times higher risk than men to develop chronic hypoxemia from COPD and had a higher survival rate during LTOT. In men, IPF was associated with exposure to birch dust with an OR 2.7, (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.30–5.65) and with hardwood dust, OR 2.7 (95% CI 1.14–6.52). Patients with kyphoscoliosis showed a better survival rate with HMV than with LTOT alone with a hazard ratio of 0.30 (95%CI 0.18-0.51), adjusted for age, sex, concomitant respiratory diseases, and blood gas levels. There were improvements in the following eight quality indicators for LTOT: access to LTOT, PaO2 ≤ 7.3 kPa without oxygen, no current smoking, low number of thoracic deformity patients without concomitant HMV, LTOT > 16 hours of oxygen/day, mobile oxygen equipment, reassessment of hypoxemia when LTOT was not started in a stable state COPD, and avoidance of continuous oral steroids in COPD. There was a decline in the indicator PaO2 > 8 kPa on oxygen. First-year survival rate in COPD was unchanged. Conclusions: The incidence and prevalence of LTOT increase more rapidly in women than in men. Survival rate during LTOT in COPD is better in women than in men. Exposure to birch and hardwood dust may contribute to the risk of IPF in men. Survival rate in patients with kyphoscoliosis was three times better with HMV than with LTOT alone. The national quality register for LTOT showed improvements in eight out of ten quality indicators. Levels for excellent quality in the indicators are suggested.

Nowadays chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is considered to be a global and all society problems. COPD interferes in all aspects of patient´s life. It implicates limitations to physical aspect which is the cause of psychological and social effects. The disease changes the present way of patient´s life, the patients have to change their lifestyle, adapt themselves and learn new habits which can also mean changes of their needs during the COPD. The thesis deals with the problems of COPD patient´s needs. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The theoretical part focuses on characteristic of the disease, classification and hierarchy of human needs, the effects of COPD on biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs and next on the nursing care for patients with COPD. The practical part of the thesis includes the processing and next the evaluation of the dates obtained during the research. The aim of the thesis was to findout how the patient's needs differ in particular stadium of the disease. To get the aim there were determined six research questions:1) What is the knowledge level of COPD patients? 2) How different are their needs in particular stadium of the disease? 3) Which needs predominate in individual stadium of the disease? 4) Which activities can COPD patients do? 5) Which limitations and problems do COPD patients have? 6) Which needs does a COPD patient have in the field of home oxygen therapy? The method of qualitative research was used for the research. The technique of non-standardized interview was used for the data gathering. The research complex was formed by 15 COPD patients from the first to the third stadium of the disease. There were five patients in each chosen stadium. The evidence of the individual patients were divided according to their specific stadium into particular categories: knowledge of the disease, respiration, sleep, lifestyle, profession, check-ups. The research shows that the need changes did not directly depend on the level of the disease stadium, but mainly on the patient´s facing up to the disease, their total state of health and based on their individual needs. The firstand second stadium patients gave as the most common need to have their medicines permanently at their disposal, next the bigger need of sleep and rest and last but not least the need of being more independent. The progress of needs in the third stadium was different according to using of home oxygen the therapy or not. The patients who use home oxygen therapy coincided that the therapy helped them to improve their life. Now the main need is to increase their independence in household activities and to besurrounded by their family. Some COPD patients have demonstrable common symptom of depression which consequently influences physiological needs such as sleep, rest, independence and also their total self-realization. The need changes significantly affected the field of life habits, regime,lifestyle and leisure time activities. First of all there has been the absence of cigarettes and alcohol among their life habits and regime. There have been some limitations such as fishing, riding a bike, mushroomingin leisure time activities. The lifestyle was affected the changes in family and work life. The patients often suffer from dyspnoea, which subsequently limits walking, household activities, self-service,for example: shopping, meal preparing, dressing or doing personal hygiene. Despite various limitations the patients do various activities like walking dogs, strolling, reading books, watching TV, visiting clubs and other interesting culture events. The research results pointed to insufficient level of knowledge of the COPD patients. Due to the low level of the patients´ knowledge of the disease an information material with basic information about the disease was prepared.

The development of medicine and technology related to the level of healthcare as a whole is historically accompanied with changes in nursing practices that have increased their demands over the years. This caused a specific need for the diversification of nursing activities and their specialization. The aim of this work is to map out specialized nursing processes of the field of internal medicine from their formation to the present, showing healthcare as a progressive sector, where new knowledge and technologies induce the need for new activities that the medical nursing staff must manage for the benefit of the patient. This basic objective will be documented in selected specialized nursing care activities divided into three professional sections - development of oxygen therapy, catheterization of the bladder and venous blood collection. The basis for the diploma thesis is the development of specialization of nursing practices on the basis of economic, political, cultural or religious influence. The results of the research show that the development of nursing practices has been constantly changing since their inception, not only in connection with the development and availability of quality aids, but also by the effort to create the most effective nursing process with regard to the needs of the patient as well as the non-medical medical staff. The diploma thesis also shows the professional competencies that have been added to the general nurses in the context of time. In the first part, dealing with the development of oxygen therapy, there is considerable interconnection of this process with the war period. There was also a significant difference in the distinctions in competences in the provision of oxygen therapy to nurses in the Czech Republic and abroad. Despite the fact that the non-medical healthcare professionals is currently preparing and subsequently applying Oxygen treatment on their own, they can only do so on the basis of a doctor's office. In contrast, for example, in the 1930s, in the USA, the nurse was regulating the oxygen alone within its competencies. The second part of the diploma thesis was oriented on the characteristics of the development of bladder catheterization. Particularly in this section is the development of nursing competencies, as it was just bladder catheterization, which in history was the sole competence of an experienced physician. The diploma thesis demonstrates not only the development of the procedure, the aids, the reduction of risks accompanying this method, but also the gradual assistance of the non-medical medical staff until the definition of the period when they are fully competent to perform this task. The last part of the diploma thesis is focused on the development of venous blood collection in order to obtain sufficient quantity for blood analysis. In this area, is not onlz the development of the nursing process in connection with the technique or aids, but also the necessity of observing the aseptic approach. The result of the presented work represents a significant contribution, because only with the knowledge of nursing techniques in the whole range, people can avoid mistakes from history. Also, the view of the selected nursing practice in the context of time brings knowledge of the inactivity of development and is thus the undisputed motivation of non-medical health personnel to participate in the constant innovation of nursing practices and thus to deepen the specialization and level of nursing care.

Orientador: Ilda de Godoy / Resumo: Introdução: A Oxigenoterapia Domiciliar Prolongada (ODP) é um tratamento utilizado para pacientes com DPOC grave. O tratamento apresenta inúmeras vantagens, como o aumento da capacidade funcional, melhoras nos sintomas, mas os usuários também reconhecem que há desvantagens no uso deste. Identificam-se alguns problemas, como barreiras físicas e psicossociais e desafios emocionais. Muitas vezes os usuários necessitam de auxílios para desenvolver atividades cotidianas, precisando de cuidados de parentes e amigos, exercendo o cuidado informal. É fundamental que a equipe tenha conhecimento das mudanças na vida do paciente e de seus cuidadores, dos enfrentamentos dos desafios com a terapia, de forma a otimizar o cuidado, fazendo as adaptações necessárias a eles e com a equipe, proporcionando qualidade de vida para ambos. Também é essencial reconhecer as vantagens que a terapia causa tanto para o usuário tanto para o cuidador, fortalecendo o uso da ODP e incentivando os cuidadores nas tarefas prestadas ao paciente. Objetivo: Conhecer a visão dos pacientes com diagnóstico de DPOC sobre o uso da ODP e de seus cuidadores sobre o cuidado com um paciente em uso da ODP. Método: Trata-se de estudo de caráter qualitativo. Foram entrevistados 14 pacientes com seus respectivos cuidadores, atendidos no Ambulatório de Oxigenoterapia do Hospital das Clínicas de Botucatu, da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu com diagnóstico de DPOC durante o segundo semestre de 2015. Foi utilizada para os pacien... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre