京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第19735号 / 工博第4190号 / 新制||工||1646(附属図書館) / 32771 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科物質エネルギー化学専攻 / (主査)教授 陰山 洋, 教授 安部 武志, 教授 阿部 竜 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

In this project self-supporting foils with focus on the element yttriumhave been fabricated by means of evaporation and magnetron sputtering.The goal was to see if it was possible to make photochromic selfsupportingyttrium foils. Multiple self-supporting foils were made andsome had suitable properties to be further investigated. The first foilof interest was a plain carbon foil, the second was yttrium layered ontop of a carbon foil, the third was a yttrium-only foil and the fourthwas a yttrium oxyhydride foil. The foils were then subsequentlycharacterized with a newly developed Medium Energy Ion Scattering -Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (MEIS - ERDA) technique. Thistechnique measures energy loss and recoils (kicked out atoms) of heavyions passing through the self-supporting foils. The measurements weremade with three ion projectile energies, 250, 300 and 320keV. Theprojectiles sent were argon ions. It was noted that the yttriumoxyhydride foil had more hydrogen and oxygen than the yttrium foil. Withoptical measurements it was also possible to confirm that the yttriumoxyhydride foil had photochromic properties. With the knowledge of theparameters used to fabricate these foils, the conclusion is that furtherresearch on self-supporting yttrium oxyhydride is encouraged.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(工学) / 乙第13457号 / 論工博第4197号 / 新制||工||1770(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 陰山 洋, 教授 安部 武志, 教授 江口 浩一 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DGAM

This thesis is comprised of three parts. The first part concerns the investigation of the topochemical reduction of LaSrNiRuO₆ in order to prepare LaSrNiRuO₄ via anion deintercalation. The second part discusses the oxide-for-hydride anion exchanges performed in SrV_1-xTi_xO₃, and the resulting SrV_1-xTi_xO_2-yH_1+y reduction products. Finally, the results from redox-neutral topochemical cation exchange reactions conducted in the three-dimensional perovskite structure of NaTaO₃ are presented along with the characterisation of a novel product of composition Ni_0.5TaO₃. The topochemical reduction of LaSrNiRuO₆ using CaH2 was carried out to produce a novel extended oxide phase with composition LaSrNiRuO₄. This phase is composed of sheets of apex-linked Ni¹⁺O₄ and Ru²⁺O₄ squares in a checkerboard ordered arrangement. To the best of our knowledge, this material is the first example of a B-cation ordered infinite-layer oxide phase. The low oxidation states of the transition-metal cations are confirmed by DFT calculations from which a spin moment S = ½ is determined for the nickel while the ruthenium centres adopt an intermediate-spin S = 1 configuration. LaSrNiRuO4 behaves paramagnetically at room temperature. However, upon cooling (T < 250 K) a phase transition is observed in which the nickel spins interact ferromagnetically, while the ruthenium cations appear to undergo a change in spin configuration to a diamagnetic spin state. A possible explanation is given for this observation based on an ordered arrangement of local Jahn-Teller distortions. While investigating the preparation of LaSrNiRuO₄, it was observed that different samples of the LaSrNiRuO₆ starting materials exhibited markedly different reactivity. The observed differing reactivity is inconsistent with the crystal structure and composition of the LaSrNiRuO₆ samples, from which all the materials are identical. Careful investigation of the X-ray diffraction data collected from the LaSrNiRuO6 materials revealed that the reactivity of the samples is a consequence of the microstructure. By quenching or slow-cooling the materials during their synthesis, the size of the crystalline domains formed is affected and this in turn is observed to define the extent to which the topochemical deintercalation of oxide anions takes place. A mechanism to explain this effect is presented in which the greater 'plasticity' of small crystalline domains helps to limit the influence of lattice strain during the reaction. Similar with the observations for the LaSrNiRuO₆ phases, it was found that the reactivity of SrV_0.95Ti_0.05O₃ samples towards topochemical oxide-for-hydride exchange is also determined by the characteristics of the starting materials. The cooling rate can lead to phase segregation in SrV_0.95Ti_0.05O₃ samples which in turn affects the reduction behaviour. A modification of the energy profile for the oxide-for-hydride exchange in SrV_1-xTi_xO₃ phases is proposed on the basis of the electronic configuration that the transition-metal cations adopt upon reduction (d²,V³⁺ and d¹,Ti³⁺). Finally, topochemical exchange reactions can also be carried out between cations in complex transition metal oxides when the mobility of the species to be exchanged is sufficiently greater with respect to the host lattice. The preparation of Ni_0.5TaO₃ from exchange of Na⁺ by Ni²⁺ in NaTaO3 represents a synthetic approach not yet widely explored in the long-standing challenge that the preparation of magnetoelectric multiferroic materials represents. The topochemical reactions studied in this work highlight the possibility of directing and modifying the product phases, by tuning features of the reagents. This is in contrast with the limited control available in thermodynamic processes.

Un des enjeux actuels pour la production d’énergie propre est la transformation de la biomasse en hydrogène. Dans cette optique, la production d’hydrogène est étudiée par vaporeformage oxydant de l’éthanol (OSRE) à basse température sur des catalyseurs oxydes mixtes CeNixOy, dopés ou non avec Al ou Zr. Ces catalyseurs ont été synthétisés par coprécipitation puis caractérisés via différentes techniques physico-chimiques. L’influence de différents paramètres a été étudiée comme les rapports O2/EtOH et H2O/EtOH, ou la teneur en nickel dans les catalyseurs. De bons résultats ont été obtenus en vaporeformage autotherme de l’éthanol à 300°C. A une température de four de 50°C, ces catalyseurs nano-oxyhydrures riches en espèces hydrures permettent une activité extrêmement intéressante du catalyseur même avec des concentrations élevées en eau. En effet, dans les conditions EtOH/H2O/O2 égales à 1:7:1,6, les catalyseurs ternaires CeNixM0,5Oy (M = Al ou Zr), prétraités sous H2, permettent une conversion en éthanol supérieure à 90 % avec un pourcentage d’H2 de 50 à 60% dans la distribution de produits. L’augmentation du rapport en eau diminue cependant la température du catalyseur, ce qui diminue le pourcentage de CO dans la distribution de produits en augmentant la formation de carbone. Les caractérisations mettent en évidence l’importance de la présence d’interactions fortes entre Ce et Ni (et Al ou Zr dans le cas des catalyseurs ternaires), en accord avec la présence d’une solution solide Ce-Ni-(M)-O (M = Al ou Zr). Finalement, un site actif comportant des cations en interaction forte et un mécanisme réactionnel faisant intervenir des espèces hydrures peuvent être proposé / Nowadays, one of the main challenges for green energy production is biomass transformation into hydrogen. To this purpose, hydrogen production is studied by low temperature oxidative steam reforming of ethanol (OSRE) over CeNixOy (with or without Al or Zr) mixed oxide catalysts. These catalysts have been synthesized by coprecipitation and characterized by different physicochemical characterizations. The influence of different parameters has been studied such as O2/EtOH and H2O/EtOH ratios as well as the nickel content in the catalysts. Good results are obtained in autothermal steam reforming of ethanol at 300°C. With an oven temperature at 50°C, the nano-oxyhydrides catalysts containing high amounts of hydride species allow very interesting activities even in presence of high concentration of water. Indeed, in EtOH/H2O/O2 = 1:7:1.6 conditions, pretreated in H2 CeNixM0.5Oy (M = Al or Zr) ternary catalysts, allow an ethanol conversion higher than 90%, with a H2 formation between 50 to 60% in the products distribution. A high water content (H2O/EtOH) decreases the catalyst temperature, and leads to low CO formation but raises carbon formation. The characterizations evidence the importance of the presence of strong interactions between Ce and Ni species (and Zr or Al for ternary catalysts), in agreement with the presence of a Ce-Ni-(M)-O (M = Al or Zr) solid solution. Finally, an active site involving cations in strong interaction and a mechanism involving hydride species can be proposed.