La protéine multifonctionnelle p54nrb est impliquée dans le contrôle transcriptionnel couplée aux phénomènes de maturation des ARN messagers. La transcription et l'épissage sont inhibés en mitose et la phosphorylation de nombreux facteurs participe à ce phénomène. Dans le laboratoire, il a été montré que p54 est hyperphosphorylée en mitose et interagit de façon phosphodépendante avec le régulateur mitotique Pinl (enzyme qui isomérise un lien proline précédé d'un site phosphoryle Thréonine/Sérine). Le rôle de cette interaction est méconnu mais permet de dire que p54 est régulé par phosphorylation en entrée de mitose. La protéine p54 est diffuse dans le nucléoplasme et est également concentrée avec ses partenaires PSF et PSP1 dans les paraspeckles, des compartiments nucléaires à structure dépendante d'un ARN non codant NEAT1. Il a été récemment montré qu'une association entre l'ARN qui structure les paraspeckles et p54nrb permet de maintenir l'intégrité de ces compartiments. Étant donné l'implication de p54nrb dans de nombreux procédés majeurs, l'objectif de ma thèse a été de comprendre le rôle de la phosphorylation mitotique de p54nrb. La localisation, les interactions protéiques et les propriétés de liaison à l'ARN ont été étudiées. Ces expériences ont permis de conclure que p54nrb reste en complexe avec les protéines PSF et PSP1 mais perd son affinité de liaison à l'ARN en mitose via la phosphorylation d'un résidu en amino-terminal (T15). Par contre, la liaison aux homoribopolymères de Guanine (G) ainsi qu'avec l'ARN non codant NEAT1 (riche en G) ne sont pas compromises par la phosphorylation mitotique. Ces résultats ont permis d'établir de nouvelles propriétés fonctionnelles pour la protéine p54nrb. Par ailleurs, j'ai aussi voulu caractériser la phosphatase responsable de sa déphosphorylation en fin de mitose et les premiers résultats impliquent l'action de la phosphatase PPL De plus, le rôle de l'interaction entre Pinl et p54nrb a été étudié dans la possibilité que Pinl puisse être impliqué dans le processus de déphosphorylation de p54nrb. En conclusion, l'ensemble des travaux de cette thèse a permis de mieux caractériser les fonctions de la protéine multifonctionnelle p54nrb notamment dans le cadre de sa phosphorylation mitotique.

Thèse (M.Sc.)--Université Laval, 2004. / Bibliogr.: f. [104]-117. Publié aussi en version électronique.

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2011-2012 / p54nrb est une protéine de liaison à l'ARN nucléaire impliquée dans plusieurs processus cellulaires tels que la transcription, la maturation des ARNm et la rétention des ARNs hyper-édités. Cette protéine multifonctionnelle fait partie de la machinerie d'épissage et participe à ce processus en liant directement le site d'épissage en 5' du pré-ARNm. De plus, p54nrb se concentre dans un corps nucléaire nommé le paraspeckle en liant une fraction riche en G de l'ARNnc NEAT1. Récemment, nous avons démontré que la phosphorylation mitotique de la threonine 15 de p54nrb, située en N-terminal de deux RRMs en tandem, régule négativement sa capacité de liaison aux ARNs excepté pour ceux riches en G comprenant l'ARNnc NEAT1 (Bruelle et al., sous presse, annexe A). Afin de caractériser la liaison des différents RRMs de p54nrb à l'ARN, une dissection moléculaire de son domaine de liaison à l'ARN (DLA) a été réalisée. Cette section contient les deux RRMs de la protéine précédés d'une région riche en H, Q, et P contenant le résidu T15 phosphorylable. Des tests de liaison in vitro à l'ARN du site d'épissage en 5' (5'SS, 11 nucleotides) et à des ARNs de polyguanosines ont permis de démontrer que le RRM1 de p54nrb est responsable de l'affinité de la protéine pour ces ligands. De plus, la cartographie des sites d'interaction du RRM1 avec le 5'SS et avec un ARN de polyguanosines (polyG, 11 nucleotides) a été réalisée par RMN et a révélé un site de liaison unique pour chacune de ces molécules. En effet, nous avons démontré que le RRM1 de p54nrb lie l'ARN polyG par un site de liaison non classique différent du site de liaison classique utilisé par la protéine pour lier le 5'SS. Ces expériences ont aussi permis de voir que le RRM1 de p54nrb avait plus d'affinité pour le polyG que pour le 5'SS. Les résultats obtenus démontrent pour la première fois, à notre connaissance, la possibilité pour un seul RRM de posséder deux sites distincts de liaison à l'ARN. De plus, cette liaison non classique du RRM1 de p54nrb aux ARNs de polyguanosines pourrait potentiellement expliquer pourquoi la liaison de la protéine à ce type d'ARN n'est pas affectée par sa phosphorylation.

Tableau d’honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2007-2008. / La protéine multifonctionnelle p54nrb , enrichie dans un nouveau domaine nucléaire nommé paraspeckles, fait partie de complexes de transcription/épissage comprenant l'ARN polymérase II et son partenaire PSF. Des travaux récents effectués dans notre laboratoire montrent que p54nrb est phosphorylée en mitose (Proteau A., Blier S., Albert A.L., Lavoie S.B., Traish A. M. and Vincent M. (2005) J. Mol. Biol. 346, 1163-1172). La phosphorylation est une modification post-traductionnelle pouvant affecter la localisation cellulaire d'une protéine, ses interactions, sa dégradation et son activité. Pour étudier l'impact de la phosphorylation mitotique de p54nrb , sa localisation cellulaire a été comparée en interphase et en mitose par immunofluorescence indirecte. Les résultats ont montré que la phosphorylation ne semble pas affecter sa localisation aux paraspeckles en mitose. Ensuite, ses interactions dans le complexe transcription/épissage ont été vérifiées en mitose par immunoprécipitation et pulldown. Les résultats ont montré que la phosphorylation ne semble pas affecter le complexe p54nrb-PSF-ARN polymérase II en mitose in vitro. Des analyses biochimiques ont finalement montré que la phosphorylation de p54nrb ne semble pas non plus empêcher son association à la matrice nucléaire. L'étude antérieure, citée précédemment, a également montré que p54nrb est reconnue par la peptidyl-prolyl isomérase Pinl en mitose. La juglone, un inhibiteur enzymatique de Pinl, a été utilisée pour évaluer l'effet de l'interaction de Pinl sur le niveau de phosphorylation de p54nrb . Les résultats ont montré que l'inhibition de Pinl empêche la déphosphorylation de p54nrb à la fin de la mitose ainsi que celle de PSF, nouveau substrat de Pinl. La protéine Pinl pourrait réguler chaque membre du complexe p54nrb-PSF-ARN polymérase II à la reprise du cycle cellulaire.

Résumé non transmis / SOX10 is a transcription factor with well-known functions in neural crest and oligodendrocyte development. Mutations in SOX10 were first associated with Waardenburg-Hirschsprung disease (WS4; deafness, pigmentation defects and intestinal aganglionosis). However, variable phenotypes that extend beyond the WS4 definition are now reported. The neurological phenotypes associated with some truncating mutations are suggested to be the result of escape from the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway; but, to date, no mechanism has been suggested for missense mutations, of which approximately 20 have now been reported, and about half of which are redistributed in vitro to nuclear bodies of undetermined nature and function. Here, we reported that the paraspeckle protein p54NRB, which plays a crucial role in the regulation of gene expression during many cellular processes including differentiation, and is a member of the Drosophila behavior Human Splicing (DBHS) protein family, interacts and acts synergistically with SOX10 to regulate several target genes. Interestingly, this multifunctional protein, as well as two other members of the DBHS protein family, co-localized with SOX10 mutants in nuclear bodies, suggesting the possible paraspeckle nature of these foci or re-localization of the DBHS members to other subnuclear compartments. Remarkably, the co-transfection of wild-type and mutant SOX10 constructs led to the sequestration of wild-type SOX10 in mutant-induced foci. However, only foci forming mutants exclusively found in the nucleus altered synergistic activity between SOX10 and p54NRB. We proposed that such a dominant negative effect may contribute to or be at the origin of the progressive neurological phenotype observed in affected patients.One of the roles of p54NRB is the regulation of gene expression via nuclear retention, by binding to hyperedited IRAlu sequences this protein blocks their efficient export to the cytoplasm (Zhang and Carmichael., 2001), we then decided to get into the world of editing. Editing, is a molecular mechanism characterized by the deaminase conversion of adenosines into inosines (A-to-I). In mammals, this molecular modification, is performed by a cluster of three enzymes named Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs 1-3) (Wagner RW et al., 1989).In order to evaluate the role of ADAR1 in NC development, we decided to conditionally invalidate the expression of this enzyme using the NC specific HtPA-Cre line. Two main crossing strategies were followed, one including the Rosa26R-LacZ marker (RADR crossing) to track the NCCs and one not (CADR crossing). Globally, the Adar1 deficient pups harvested from the CADR crossing presented with 100% mortality within the first three days after birth. The survival rate of the mutants generated using the second strategy (RADR) was higher, however, none of the mutants survived up to P30. In general, the mutants of the latest crossing, presented with pleiotropic NC phenotype: abnormal melanocyte, ENS and sciatic nerve defects were observed.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 anacarolinabterzian_tese.pdf: 3328386 bytes, checksum: 0bae9bd7c5453a781cfbba32fac30196 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / Introduction. Yellow Fever Virus (YFV) causes a hemorrhagic fever and it is the prototype of genus Flavivirus. Kunjin virus (KUNV) is naturally attenuated and is used to develop vaccine candidates against more pathogenic WNV strains. Flavivirus replication is a complex mechanism that involves interaction between viral RNA and cellular and viral proteins. The NS5 protein is the largest and highly conserved viral protein and it is critical for many functions, including replication, RNA capping and virus-host interactions. Once protein-protein interactions present basic importance for the activation, the regulation and the control of diverse enzymatic functions related to these interactions, the identification and the characterization of them are essential for a better comprehension of the pathogenesis and for the rational design of drugs for YFV. Previously, it was identified that the cellular protein p54nrb/NonO interacts with the RNA dependent RNA polymerase domain of YFV NS5. The p54nrb/NonO protein is a nuclear transcription factor associated with nuclear membrane and exhibits multifunction characteristics in nuclear processes in eukaryotic cells, in frequent association with the U1A and PSF proteins. Interaction between NS5 and p54nrb/NonO may influence localization and transport of proteins and viral RNA within the cell. Objective. The purpose of this study was to confirm the interaction between p54nrb/NonO and YFV and KUNV NS5 and determine the role of p54nrb/NonO on viral replication. Material and Method. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and indirect immunofluorescence assays were realized to confirm the interaction and co-localization between the proteins. To determine the effect on viral replication, the p54nrb/NonO and PSF were overexpressed in cellular culture, as well, the silencing of p54nrb/NonO. After, the replication level was determined by Tempo Real PCR, plaque assay, measuring of β-galactosidase and luciferase activity assays. Results. Immunofluorescence assays showed co-localization of p54nrb/NonO with YFV NS4 in the perinuclar region and with NS5 in the nucleus. In contrast, KUNV NS5 co-localized with p54nrb/NonO in the perinuclear region and co-precipitated with p54nrb/NonO. The co-precipitation between p54nrb/NonO and NS5 YFV was not identified. Again, it was identified by mass spectrometry analysis the co-precipitation of p54nrb/NonO by monoclonal antibodies to KUNV NS5 protein. The p54nrb/NonO overexpression did not affect the YFV and KUNV replication, however, PSF overexpression showed inhibitory effect on viral replication. The RNA interference assays were inconclusive about the role of p54nrb/NonO silencing on YFV replication. Conclusion. p54nrb/NonO and KUNV NS5 interact physically and co-localize in the cytoplasm, while, the co-localization with YFV NS5 occcurs in the nucleus, although, there is no physical interaction between them. However, the overexpression of p54nrb/NonO does not affect the viral replication. PSF was confirmed as an interactive partern of p54nrb/NonO and, when it is overexpressed, it inhibits YFV and KUNV replication. / Introdução. O vírus da Febre Amarela (YFV) causa febre hemorrágica e é o protótipo do gênero Flavivirus. O vírus Kunjin (KUNV) é naturalmente atenuado e usado para o desenvolvimento de candidatos vacinais contra linhagens mais patogênicas do WNV. A replicação do Flavivirus é um mecanismo complexo que envolve interações entre o RNA viral e proteínas virais e celulares. A NS5 é a maior e mais conservada proteína viral e é crítica para muitas funções, incluindo replicação, capeamento do RNA e interação vírus-hospedeiro. Como interações proteicas são de fundamental importância para ativação, regulação e controle de diversas funções enzimáticas a elas relacionadas, fica clara a relevância da identificação e caracterização das interações participantes desse processo para uma melhor compreensão da patogênese e para o desenho racional de drogas para a febre amarela. Foi identificado previamente que a proteína celular p54nrb/NonO interage com o domínio RNA polimerase RNA dependente de NS5 de YFV. p54nrb/NonO é um fator de transcrição nuclear associada a membrana nuclear e apresenta características multifuncionais nos processos celulares em células eucariotas, ocorrendo frequentemente em associação com as proteínas U1A e PSF. Dessa forma, a interação entre p54nrb/NonO e NS5 pode influenciar a localização, transporte das proteínas e do RNA viral dentro da célula. Objetivo. O objetivo deste estudo foi confirmar a interação entre p54nrb/NonO e NS5 de YFV e KUNV, e determinar o efeito da interação sobre a replicação viral. Materiais e Métodos. Para tanto, experimentos de co-imunoprecipitação, espectrometria de massa e imunofluorescência indireta foram realizados para confirmar a interação e a co-localização entre as proteínas. Para determinar o efeito sobre a replicação viral, foi realizado, em cultura celular, a superexpressão p54nrb/NonO e PSF, bem como, o silenciamento de p54nrb/NonO. Posteriormente, a taxa de replicação viral foi determinada por técnicas de qPCR, ensaio de placa, mensuração da atividade de β-galactosidase e luciferase. Resultados. O ensaio de imunofluorescência mostrou co-localização entre p54nrb/NonO e NS4 de YFV na região perinuclear e com NS5 no núcleo. Em contraste, NS5 de KUN co-localizou com p54nrb/NonO na região perinuclear, e da mesma forma, NS5 de KUNV foi identificado co-precipitando p54nrb/NonO. Não foi identificada a co-precipitação entre p54nrb/NonO e NS5 de YFV. Novamente, p54nrb/NonO foi identificada co-precipitando com NS5 de KUNV pela análise por espectrometria de massa com o uso de anticorpo monoclonal para a proteína NS5 de KUNV. A superexpressão de p54nrb/NonO não mostrou afetar a replicação de YFV e KUNV, entretanto, a superexpressão de PSF mostrou efeito inibitório sobre a replicação viral. Os estudos com interferência de RNA, contudo, foram inconclusivos sobre o efeito do silenciamento de p54nrb/NonO sobre a replicação de YFV. Conclusão. p54nrb/NonO e NS5 de KUNV interagem fisicamente e co-localizam no citoplasma, enquanto que, a co-localização com NS5 de YFV ocorre no núcleo, embora não ocorra interação física. Entretanto, a superexpressão de p54nrb/NonO não afeta a replicação viral. PSF foi confirmada como parceira interativa de p54nrb/NonO e, quando superexpressa, inibe a replicação de YFV e KUNV.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest known human RNA pathogen. It requires the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) for virion production and transmission, and is hence closely associated with HBV in natural infections. HDV RNA encodes only two viral proteins - the small and the large delta antigens. Due to its limited coding capacity, HDV needs to exploit host factors to ensure its propagation. However, few human proteins are known to interact with the HDV RNA genome. The current study has identified several host proteins interacting with an HDV-derived RNA promoter by multiple approaches: mass spectrometry of a UV-crosslinked ribonucleoprotein complex, RNA affinity chromatography, and screening of a library of purified RNA-binding proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, both in vitro and ex vivo, confirmed the interactions of eEF1A1, p54nrb, PSF, hnRNP-L, GAPDH and ASF/SF2 with both polarities of the HDV RNA genome. In vitro transcription assays suggested a possible involvement of eEF1A1, GAPDH and PSF in HDV replication. At least three of these proteins, eEF1A1, GAPDH and ASF/SF2, have also been shown to associate with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) RNA. Because HDV’s structure and mechanism of replication share many similarities with viroids, subviral helper-independent plant pathogens, I transfected human hepatocytes with RNA derived from PSTVd. Here, I show that PSTVd RNA can replicate in human hepatocytes. I further demonstrate that a mutant of HDV, lacking the delta antigen coding region (miniHDV), can also replicate in human cells. However, both PSTVd and miniHDV require the function of the small delta antigen for successful replication. Our discovery that HDV and PSTVd RNAs associate with similar RNA-processing pathways and translation machineries during their replication provides new insight into HDV biology and its evolution.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest known human RNA pathogen. It requires the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) for virion production and transmission, and is hence closely associated with HBV in natural infections. HDV RNA encodes only two viral proteins - the small and the large delta antigens. Due to its limited coding capacity, HDV needs to exploit host factors to ensure its propagation. However, few human proteins are known to interact with the HDV RNA genome. The current study has identified several host proteins interacting with an HDV-derived RNA promoter by multiple approaches: mass spectrometry of a UV-crosslinked ribonucleoprotein complex, RNA affinity chromatography, and screening of a library of purified RNA-binding proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, both in vitro and ex vivo, confirmed the interactions of eEF1A1, p54nrb, PSF, hnRNP-L, GAPDH and ASF/SF2 with both polarities of the HDV RNA genome. In vitro transcription assays suggested a possible involvement of eEF1A1, GAPDH and PSF in HDV replication. At least three of these proteins, eEF1A1, GAPDH and ASF/SF2, have also been shown to associate with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) RNA. Because HDV’s structure and mechanism of replication share many similarities with viroids, subviral helper-independent plant pathogens, I transfected human hepatocytes with RNA derived from PSTVd. Here, I show that PSTVd RNA can replicate in human hepatocytes. I further demonstrate that a mutant of HDV, lacking the delta antigen coding region (miniHDV), can also replicate in human cells. However, both PSTVd and miniHDV require the function of the small delta antigen for successful replication. Our discovery that HDV and PSTVd RNAs associate with similar RNA-processing pathways and translation machineries during their replication provides new insight into HDV biology and its evolution.

Hepatitis delta virus (HDV) is the smallest known human RNA pathogen. It requires the human hepatitis B virus (HBV) for virion production and transmission, and is hence closely associated with HBV in natural infections. HDV RNA encodes only two viral proteins - the small and the large delta antigens. Due to its limited coding capacity, HDV needs to exploit host factors to ensure its propagation. However, few human proteins are known to interact with the HDV RNA genome. The current study has identified several host proteins interacting with an HDV-derived RNA promoter by multiple approaches: mass spectrometry of a UV-crosslinked ribonucleoprotein complex, RNA affinity chromatography, and screening of a library of purified RNA-binding proteins. Co-immunoprecipitation, both in vitro and ex vivo, confirmed the interactions of eEF1A1, p54nrb, PSF, hnRNP-L, GAPDH and ASF/SF2 with both polarities of the HDV RNA genome. In vitro transcription assays suggested a possible involvement of eEF1A1, GAPDH and PSF in HDV replication. At least three of these proteins, eEF1A1, GAPDH and ASF/SF2, have also been shown to associate with potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd) RNA. Because HDV’s structure and mechanism of replication share many similarities with viroids, subviral helper-independent plant pathogens, I transfected human hepatocytes with RNA derived from PSTVd. Here, I show that PSTVd RNA can replicate in human hepatocytes. I further demonstrate that a mutant of HDV, lacking the delta antigen coding region (miniHDV), can also replicate in human cells. However, both PSTVd and miniHDV require the function of the small delta antigen for successful replication. Our discovery that HDV and PSTVd RNAs associate with similar RNA-processing pathways and translation machineries during their replication provides new insight into HDV biology and its evolution.

We investigated the gestational expression of androgen receptor (AR) and defined its regulation and that of its co-repressors, PSF and p54nrb, by steroid hormones and myometrial stretch in vivo in pregnant and non-pregnant rats. Our data demonstrate that, 1) myometrial AR expression decreases prior to term; 2) AR expression is up-regulated by MPA treatment and down-regulated by mechanical stretch; (3) myometrial PSF protein expression is down-regulated by estrogen signaling and by mechanical stretch, and up-regulated by androgen signaling; (4) while myometrial PSF mRNA expression is also down-regulated by stretch, the regulation by estrogen and P4 on PSF mRNA appear to be opposite to the effects on PSF protein. We conclude that the decreased androgen signaling in late pregnancy (as a result of decreased AR and PSF expression mediated by hormonal and mechanical signals) may contribute to the mechanisms leading to labor initiation.