Texte remanié de: Thèse secondaire--Lettres. / Textes latins précédés d'un résumé en français. Bibliogr. p. XXIII-XXXIV. Index.

Mémoire 2ème année--Techniques de la documentation--Paris--Conservatoire national des arts et métiers, 1971. / Notes bibliogr.

Thèse de doctorat : LITTERATURE FRANCAISE : Metz : 1997. / 1997METZL021. 103 ref.

Sustainable Development challenges will increasingly concentrate in cities as the urbanization in Europe and the rest of the world continues and governments must implement policies to ensure benefits of urban growths are shared sustainably. When more people move into the cities, the intimate contact with nature is lost since nature has not always been a priority in the history of urban planning. A biophilic approach is considered in this study, where the concept of inclusion of nature is perceived essential for the human life and previous empirical evidence supports the theory of presence of nature being substantial to human wellbeing. Because of the population density, Paris is an interesting example of the development of a megacity in a post-Kyoto context. The development project for the Paris urban area, called Le Grand Paris, intends to develop Paris on several levels. The aim with this study is to examine driving forces for nature as a part of an urban setting that can contribute to the development of intelligent sustainable urban planning for the future. Using qualitative methods to gather empirical data and a discourse analytical framework, this study intends to increase the understanding of perspectives, incentives and discords in the perceptions of urban green space and Sustainable Development. The problem statement is: How is urban green space carried out in the perspectives of cultural, economical and ecological values of citizens and planning documents in the context of Le Grand Paris project? The results establish that that need of increasing vegetation in the city of Paris is pressing in order to enhance quality of life and increase effects of ecological services. The continuing urbanization of Paris will intensify the need of social-ecological interactions, which require approaches through processes of democracy and participation in order to contribute to intra- and intergenerational socio-ecological justice for a sustainable Paris.

This thesis examines the countercultural community in the Parisian neighbourhood of Montmartre during the 1880s and 1890s. This period stands out for its unique cultural atmosphere, heavily influenced by the turbulent advent of modernity. Traditionally accepted norms that dictated individuals' sense of identity were being questioned as new understandings of class, gender, sexuality and nationality gained acceptance. Aspiring artists and writers who sought to express these new identities were excluded from the world of official culture. Many congregated in the traditionally bohemian Montmartre where a sense of belonging to a youthful and energetic community afforded the opportunity to struggle and come to terms with their opposition to dominant ideals. Montmartre became, and continues to be, heavily commercialised but its enduring legacy testifies to its significance as herald of numerous social and cultural changes that would mark the twentieth century.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Thesis (Ph. D.)--UCLA, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 236-247).

Zugl.: Braunschweig, Hochsch. für Bildende Künste, Diss., 2003.

Th.--Sci. nat.--Paris 6, 1976. / Index.

Th. Etat--Québec, 1994. / Bibliogr. f. 393-405.