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No / 33rd International Labour Process Conference, Athens, Greece

Denna studie ämnar undersöka hur styrsystem från Siemens som inte ingår i ordinarie produktbibliotek till deras processkontrollsystem PCS 7 kan integreras. Integreringen kommer utföras med hjälp av ett tilläggspaket till PCS 7, SIMATIC PCS7/Open OS. Styrsystemen som ska integreras i detta arbete är vanligt förekommande på industrier idag, SIMATIC S7-300/1500. Dessa styrs normalt inte via processkontrollsystem, mer vanligt är att de styrs lokalt via en operatörspanel intill maskinen. Genom att integrera dessa till processkontrollsystem kommer de att kunna styras från större kontrollrum, samtidigt som fördelarna med att integrera moderna styrsystem med ny teknik erhålls i produktionen. En annan del av studien har för avsikt att jämföra tidigare fall av liknande integreringar där andra typer av tekniker har använts. Dessa fall har visat att det finns idag standardiserade tekniker för att integrera enstaka fältenheter så att dessa kan hanteras av övergripande kontrollsystem. I en av studierna som undersöks, där det har gjorts försök att integrera funktionen av ett styrsystem som kontrollerar flertalet fältenheter, finns det enligt studien begränsningar i tekniken som används. Enligt Siemens AG ska dock tillägget SIMATIC PCS 7/Open OS klara att integrera ett styrsystem med dess fulla funktionalitet till processkontrollsystemet PCS 7. Resultatet av arbetet visar att integrering av styrsystemen till PCS 7 genom att använda tillägget är möjlig och styrsystemets fulla funktion kunde erhållas från ett PCS7-HMI. För att integreringen med tilläggspaketet ska ske smidigare rekommenderas att förberedelser, såsom att skapa bibliotek både i PCS 7 och i styrsystemet utförs innan integreringsarbetet påbörjas. Biblioteken bör innehålla funktionsblock förexempelvis motordrifter i styrsystemet och grafikelement som motsvarar dessa i PCS7. / This study will focus on how Siemens controllers that are not listed in the productlibrary of the process control system PCS 7, can be integrated. The integration willbe performed using an option for PCS 7 (SIMATIC PCS 7/Open OS). The controllers to be integrated in this work are commonly found in industries today, the Siemens controllers SIMATIC S7-300/1500. These are usually not controlled from a processcontrol system, they are more commonly controlled via an operator panel next to the machine. By integrating these controllers into the process control system, they can be controlled from larger control rooms, and the production will acquire the benefits of using modern controllers. Previous cases with similar components, where other integration techniques was used has been evaluated. In these cases the integration have shown that there are today standardized techniques for integrating single field devices so that they can be managed by process control systems. In another study investigated, where attempts have been made to integrate the function of a controller that is controlling several field devices, the study showed limitations in the technique used. According to Siemens AG however, SIMATIC PCS 7/Open OS will be able to integrate acontroller with its complete functionality into the process control system PCS 7. The result of the work shows that integration of the controllers to PCS 7 by using the option package is possible, and the controller could be fully operated from a PCS 7-HMI. In order to make the integration with the optional package more user-friendly, it is recommended that preparations be made before integrating. Such as preparing a library in both PCS 7 and in the controller to be integrated, which are containing for example function blocks in the controller side and graphic elements corresponding to these function blocks in the PCS 7-HMI side.

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This master thesis deals with the design of the 400GBASE-R PCS in accordance with the IEEE 802.3bs-2017 standard which defines 400 Gbps Ethernet. The first part of this thesis focuses on general architecture of FPGA and its possible variants for implementation for 400 Gbps Ethernet communication, therefore there is description of those architectures and its resources. The next part describes progression of the Ethernet and its connection to the ISO/OSI reference model. The next section of this thesis is about description of physical layer of Ethernet for 400 Gbps version, after which follows design of PCS unit and its implementation with use of resources of selected FPGA. In the last part of this thesis is description of the simulation of the implemented unit. Achieved results and outcomes of this master thesis are evaluated in a conclusion.

A new power conditioning system (PCS) for superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) is developed and its prototype test system is built and tested. The PCS uses IGBTs for high-speed PWM operation and has a multi-level chopper-VSC structure. The prototype test system has three-level that can handle up to 250-kVA with a 1800-V DC link, a 200-A maximum load current , and a switching frequency reaching 20-kHz with the help of zero-current-transition (ZCT) soft-switching. This PCS has a great number of advantages over conventional ones in terms of size, speed, and cost. Conventional PCSs use thyristors, due to the power capacity of the SMES system. The speed limit of the thyristor uses a six-pulse operation that generates a high harmonic. To reduce the harmonic, multiple PCSs are connected together with phase-matching transformers that need to be precise to be effective in reducing the harmonics. So, the system becomes large and expensive. In addition, the dynamic range of the PCSs are also limited by the six-pulse operation, because it limits the useful area of the PCS applications. By employing a high-speed PWM, the new PCS can reduce the harmonics without using the transformers reducing size and cost, and has wide dynamic range. However, the speed of a switching device is generally inversely proportional to its power handling capacity. Therefore, employing a multi-level structure is one method of extending the power-handling capability of the high-speed device. Switching loss is another factor that limits the speed of the switch, but it can be reduced by soft-switching techniques. The 20-kHz switching frequency can be obtained with the help of the ZCT soft-switching technique, which can reduce about 90% of switching losses from the IGBT during both turn-on and turn-off transients. There are two different topologies of the PCS; the current source converter (CSC) type and the chopper and voltage source converter (VSC) type. In terms of the SMES system efficiency, the chopper-VSC type shows a less volt-ampere requirement of the power device. Therefore, the new PCS system has a chopper-VSC structure. Since the chopper-VSC structure consists of multiple legs that can be modularized, a power electronics building block (PEBB) leg is a good choice; all of the system problems caused by the high frequency can be solved within the PEBB leg. The VSC is built with three of the PEBB legs. Three-phase AC is implemented with a three-level space vector modulation (SVM) that can reduce the number of switching and harmonic contents from the output current. A closed-loop control system is also implemented for the VSC, and shows 600-Hz control bandwidth. The multi-level structure used requires too many high-speed switches. However, not all of them are used at the same time during normal multi-level operation. A new multi-level topology is suggested that requires only two high-speed switches, regardless of the number of levels. Other switches can be replaced with slow-speed switches that can allow additional cost savings. / Ph. D.

Yes / This summary document presents the main areas of enquiry and summarises the key findings from the quantitative stage of this study; a survey of PCS lay officials undertaken in March 2013. It is presented here as a quick reference document to summarise, in bullet point form, the key findings from the full research report which presents detailed top level results, by gender, for the whole survey.

Changing workplace conditions have resulted in psychological contracts becoming more transactionally oriented. The current study addresses the question of how the `new' psychological contract affects organisational commitment. In particular, it seeks to analyse the relationship between the form of the psychological contract (relational/transactional) and type of organisational commitment (affective, continuance, normative).Data were collected from 210 randomly selected participants using the Psychological Contract Scale (PCS), and the Measure of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment Scale (MACNCS). The Career Commitment Scale (CCS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) were administered and information gathered regarding overall job satisfaction, age, gender, contract type, position held, industry sector and length of employment.The major findings from this study is that there are positive relationships between relational psychological contracts and affective commitment (â = .653, p < .05), continuance commitment (â = .222, p < .05) and normative commitment (â = .476, p <.001), and a negative relationship between transactional psychological contracts and affective commitment (â =148, p < .05), after controlling for various background and employment characteristics. This research increases the understanding of how employees commit to an organisation during times of unstable and changing employment conditions.

Due to the availability of the cellular phone, PCS (Personal Communication Service) has become wildly popular world-wide [1], and the number of the PCS users has quickly grown beyond what anyone had imagined. As its name indicates, mobility is the most remarkable feature of a cellular phone. On the other hand, that means it is difficult to determine the location of the PCS users. The proficiency to determine the geographical position of a cellular phone users have become increasingly important. One main reason for this service is the use of mobile phones for emergency calls, which is expected to grow quickly in the near future. For emergency assistance via 911 (Emergency 911, E-911), the FCC (Federal Communications Commission) has now required that system operators of mobile communications networks be able to accurately locate mobile callers before year 2001. There has been a lot of ongoing research examining cellular positioning options among cellular and PCS providers. Most location approaches require measurements at multiple receiving stations or need supports from base stations. Our main proposal in this paper is a new approach to enhance the performance of wireless position location through a single cellular phone. This method has the following two features: First, it does not require any modification to the current GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) architecture, that is, it does not increase network traffic. Second, the location identifications is performed on the mobile end, which does not increase computation load of the network system. Hence, the quantity of self-location cellular phones which can be supported by GSM system has no upper limit. In this sense, we would say that Cell Base Automatic Location Identification System is a method worthy of further exploration. Meanwhile, this technique could be applied on the other domains, such as electron-map, local resource detected, newfangled chat room, controlling caller¡¦s location, etc. The intention of this paper is to introduce innovation uses single cellular phone to implement ALI (Automatic Location Identification) system. The whole issue determining the TA (Timing Advance) between the MS (Mobile Station) and the BTS (Base Transference Station) as well as coupling the calculated distance with the determined direction of the BTS signal so as to calculate the location of the MS. To counter the inaccuracies of the ALI system, we offer a force-handover subfunction. Even though one or more force-handovers increase the accuracy, the cost is extra time overhead. In our location system, we implement two applications to determine the reliability of any ALI system information. They are Wireless Signed System and Resources Information Searching System.

Primary objective. The goals of this project were to review the current literature regarding the role of the speech-language pathologist (SLP) in concussion management and to conduct a survey of SLPs with experience in concussion care to determine their current practices and perspectives. Design and methods. An online survey consisting of 41 questions was emailed to SLPs throughout the U.S. and Canada. Responses were anonymously collected from 60 SLPs, and the responses were analyzed. Results and conclusions. Results showed that SLPs who work in concussion care are generally knowledgeable and confident despite how recently concussion has become part of SLP practice. There has been improvement in the types of assessment tools used in concussion cases, but there is a need for more sensitive instruments. Findings point to the need for increased availability of concussion training for SLPs and the need for continued research into current clinical practices.