In this thesis we have focused on the induction of targeted epigenetic changes using modified Potato Virus X vector (PVX, Potato virus X). The gene coding sequence phytoene desaturase (PDS) was isloated from Solanum tuberosum and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using PCR. Primers were specifically designed as universal for both plant species and their Tm temperatures was in the range of 5 °C. The primers also added flanking restriction sites XhoI and ClaI to simplify cloning of PDS PCR products into full length PVX viral vector in AS orientation. The PVX viral vector pGR106 was later introduced into the plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Infection led to the degradation of the target transcript and to efficient gene silencing (PTGS posttranscriptional gene silencing). The process has been manifested by complete or partial fading of a green plant tissue phenotype.. Some of the plants were aslso inoculated in in vitro conditions, for which a novel technique has been implemented.

No description available.

Darbo tikslas: suprojektuoti ir sukurti el. projektų rengimo ir valdymo programinę įrangą skirtą kišeniniams kompiuteriams. Darbo uždaviniai: Išanalizuoti el. projektų rengimo programinę įrangą, išsiaiškinti Project Server 2003 architektūrą, suprojektuoti ir sukurti el. projektų valdymo programinę įrangą atsižvelgiant į dažniausiai naudojamus projektų valdymo įrankius. Išanalizavus el. projektų valdymo programinę įrangą, pastebima, kad vienos programos yra autonominės ir akcentuojamas duomenų eksportavimas norimu formatu, kitos eksportuoja duomenis Microsoft Project failų formatu ir tokiu būdu yra sinchronizuojama su personaliniu kompiuteriu. Buvo sukurta programinė įranga, kuri gali prisijungti prie nuotolinio Microsoft Office Project Server 2003 ir tokiu būdu valdyti projektą. Sąryšis tarp kliento ir serverio palaikomas PDS metodais – XML dokumentais. / Objective of work: design and create e-projects preparation and management software for palmtops. Tasks of work: Analyze e-projects preparation software, explore architecture of Project Server 2003, design and create e-projects management software considering most popular project management tools. After analyzing e-projects management software, it was noticed that some programs are autonomic and data export in desirable format is emphasized, other programs export data in Microsoft Project file format and in such way synchronize it with PC. Software, that can connect to remote Microsoft Office Project Server 2003 and manage project in this way, was created. Connection between client and server is enabled by PDS methods – XML documents.

L’entreprise Rio Tinto effectue la gestion du système hydrique de la rivière Nechako, situé en Colombie-Britannique (Canada), à partir de règles de gestion optimisées à l’aide d’un algorithme de programmation dynamique stochastique (PDS) et de scénarios d’apports historiques. Les récents développements en recherche opérationnelle tendent à démontrer que la mise à jour des règles de gestion en mode prévisionnel permet d’améliorer la performance des règles de gestion lorsque des prévisions d’ensemble sont utilisées pour mieux cerner les incertitudes associées aux apports à venir. La modélisation hydrologique permet de suivre l’évolution d’un ensemble de processus hydrologiques qui varient dans le temps et dans l’espace (réserve de neige, humidité du sol, etc.). L’utilisation de modèles hydrologiques, en plus d’offrir la possibilité de construire des prévisions d’ensemble qui tiennent compte de l’ensemble des processus simulés, permet de suivre l’évolution de variables d’état qui peuvent être utilisées à même l’algorithme d’optimisation pour construire les probabilités de transition utiles à l’évaluation de la valeur des décisions futures. À partir d’un banc d’essais numériques dans lequel le comportement du bassin versant de la rivière Nechako est simulé à l’aide du modèle hydrologique CEQUEAU, les résultats du présent projet démontrent que la mise à jour des règles avec l’algorithme de PDS en mode prévisionnel permet une amélioration de la gestion du réservoir Nechako lorsque comparée aux règles optimisées avec l’algorithme en mode historique. Le mode prévisionnel utilisant une variable hydrologique combinant un modèle autorégressif d’ordre 5 (AR5) et la valeur maximale de l’équivalent en eau de la neige (ÉENM) a permis de réduire les déversements non-productifs et les inondations tout en maintenant des productions similaires à celles obtenues à l’aide de règles optimisées en mode historique utilisant l’ÉENM comme variable hydrologique. De plus, les résultats du projet démontrent que l’utilisation de prévisions hydrologiques d’ensemble en mode historique pour construire une variable hydrologique permettant d’émettre une prévision du volume d’apport médian pour les huit mois à venir (PVAM) ne permettait pas d’obtenir des résultats de gestion supérieurs à ceux obtenus avec la variable d’ÉENM.

Esta dissertação analisa a trajetória do Partido Progressista Brasileiro (PPB), atualmente rebatizado de Partido Progressista (PP), desde a época do regime militar, sob a denominação de ARENA. O trabalho investiga o desempenho eleitoral e as estratégias que o partido vem utilizando para sobreviver em um ambiente democrático e multipartidário. Nascido dentro do Estado no período autoritário o PPB enfrentou uma série de dificuldades para manter-se com a transição para a democracia. O partido que nasceu grande e descentralizado vem ao longo do tempo assumindo outro perfil: um partido menor e mais centralizado. Apesar de ter perdido influência o PPB têm se mantido entre os maiores partidos do Brasil concentrando cerca de 10% dos cargos políticos em disputa. O trabalho trata também dos deputados, federais e estaduais, do PPB, analisando o posicionamento destes acerca de questões importantes para a política nacional. / This dissertation analyses the trajectory of the Brazilian Progressive Party (recently renamed of Progressive Party - PP), since its creation during the military regimen under the denomination of ARENA (Renovadora National Alliance). The work investigates the electoral performance and the strategies developed by the party to survive under a democratic and multiparty environment. Having been born within of the State, BPP faced many difficulties to survive after the end of the authoritarian regime. After having developed a large and decentralized struture, this party have changed into: a centralized and small organization. Although having lost most of its influence, the BPP has kept its position among the largest parties concentrating about 10% of the elected offices in the country. The work also examines the BPP´s members of the houses of representatives, analysing their positioning regarding important issues of Brazilian policy.

A abordagem tradicional de gestão de projetos trata como similares todos os projetos, sem considerar o contexto de cada um, e carece de uma fundamentação teórica mais ampla e aprofundada. Nesta abordagem, projetos mais complexos, nos quais, muitas vezes, as soluções somente emergem ao longo do projeto, são gerenciados da mesma forma que projetos simples, com objetivos claros e soluções evidentes. Como consequência, os projetos, em sua maioria, não têm atingido seus propósitos, deixando assim de agregar valor às organizações, além de gerar litígios entre clientes e empresas executoras. Alternativamente à abordagem tradicional, o presente trabalho abordou um modelo de Sistema de Gestão de Projeto (SGP) para os projetos de instalações industriais baseado nos princípios de Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), associado às práticas de Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) e termos comerciais voltados a contratos relacionais. É uma forma de gerir projetos de maneira mais colaborativa entre as partes, através da construção de times integrados, compartilhamento de riscos e benefícios, redução das perdas no processo e geração de valor. Inicialmente, o presente trabalho buscou caracterizar as práticas correntes da gestão de projetos de instalação industrial, por meio de um estudo de caráter exploratório realizado numa indústria de base. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas com agentes chaves de clientes e executores, com o objetivo de coletar a experiência destes agentes com as práticas correntes. Adicionalmente às entrevistas, foram realizados dois estudos de caso breves em projetos de construção. Através da análise das entrevistas e casos estudados, foi possível levantar as principais barreiras e oportunidades para implantação desta nova abordagem no contexto industrial brasileiro. Por fim, o presente trabalho desenvolveu um modelo para a implantação gradual desta nova abordagem para gestão dos projetos de instalações da indústria de base, levando em consideração o contexto atual e o patamar a ser alcançado. / The traditional project management approach treats projects similarly without enough consideration of the context, and needs a broader and deeper theoretical foundation. In this approach, complex projects, in which solutions only emerge along the process, are managed similarly to simple projects, which have clear objectives and known solutions. Moreover, processes are assumed to be sequential and fragmented, and being divided in many small parts. Consequently, the majority of projects do not achieve their purposes, being ineffective in terms of generating value for stakeholders, and there is often litigation between client and contractors. As an alternative to the traditional approach, this study discusses a new form of Project Delivery System (PDS) to be used in industrial installation projects, based on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) principles, associated with Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) practices, and the commercial terms of relational contracts. In this PDS, project management is based on collaboration and integration among parts, and risks and benefits are shared, reducing process waste and improving value generation. Initially, this study sought to understand the existing project management practices in industrial installation projects, through an exploratory study on a base industry. Then, a set of interviews was carried out with key stakeholders, such as clients and subcontractors, with the aim of collecting data about their experience with existing practices. Additionally, two brief case studies in construction projects that had some innovative project management practices were undertaken. Based on the interviews and cases studies, the main barriers and opportunities for use the new PDS approach in the Brazilian industrial context were identified. Finally, a model for the gradual implementation of the proposed PDS in base industry projects was built, considering the current state and the desired state of project management practices.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to analyze the idea of ¡§professional development schools (PDSs)¡¨ which was a new school setting and one of collaborative models with universities developed in the past decade in USA. The researcher inquired into PDS¡¦s goals, functions, operations, major influential factors, and ¡§PDS Standards¡¨ in depth, and aimed to explore the collaborative models and the developing stages of Taiwan¡¦s PDSs according to the five standards, which was the key concept of PDS model and was designated by National Council for the Accreditation of Teacher Education. These five standards are ¡§learning community¡¨, ¡§accountability and quality assurance¡¨, ¡§collaboration¡¨, ¡§equity and diversity¡¨, and ¡§structures, resources and roles¡¨. The researcher selected six staffs as the participants from each partnership of university/affiliated high school and used qualitative research methods to collect research data, including documentary reviews and semi-structured interviews. After careful examination and analyses of the data collected, the following conclusions are reached: 1. About professional development schools: (1) PDSs are innovative school settings and establishments which were initiated and refined progressively along the educational reform movements. (2) PDSs are not only the ¡§learning communities¡¨; but also the settings for the professional development of participants. (3) The establishment of PDSs needs support in terms of structure and system building from both sides of the partnership. They also need more resources to be invested in. (4) ¡§PDS Standards¡¨ are both guidelines and criterion for the assessment of the PDSs. 2. About the collaborative models between universities and affiliated high schools: (1) The cases actually demonstrate the function of ¡§learning community¡¨, but the degree of ¡§collaboration¡¨ is not close enough. (2) The standard of ¡§accountability and quality¡¨ for the collaborative models can¡¦t be presented due to lack of evaluation measures for the partnership. (3) Two case high schools have developed some supportive activities for low-achievement students by their own. The involvements of two universities on this aspect are apparently not enough. (4) Two cases need to enhance their support for the partnership in terms of structure and system building. (5) According to the ¡§PDS Standards¡¨, the developing stages of two cases are between beginning level and developing level. (6) The collaborative models between universities and affiliated high schools are influenced by internal and external factors. According to the conclusions of this study and the related problems encountered, suggestions to government, two case partnerships, universities, high schools and future researchers have been proposed.

A abordagem tradicional de gestão de projetos trata como similares todos os projetos, sem considerar o contexto de cada um, e carece de uma fundamentação teórica mais ampla e aprofundada. Nesta abordagem, projetos mais complexos, nos quais, muitas vezes, as soluções somente emergem ao longo do projeto, são gerenciados da mesma forma que projetos simples, com objetivos claros e soluções evidentes. Como consequência, os projetos, em sua maioria, não têm atingido seus propósitos, deixando assim de agregar valor às organizações, além de gerar litígios entre clientes e empresas executoras. Alternativamente à abordagem tradicional, o presente trabalho abordou um modelo de Sistema de Gestão de Projeto (SGP) para os projetos de instalações industriais baseado nos princípios de Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), associado às práticas de Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) e termos comerciais voltados a contratos relacionais. É uma forma de gerir projetos de maneira mais colaborativa entre as partes, através da construção de times integrados, compartilhamento de riscos e benefícios, redução das perdas no processo e geração de valor. Inicialmente, o presente trabalho buscou caracterizar as práticas correntes da gestão de projetos de instalação industrial, por meio de um estudo de caráter exploratório realizado numa indústria de base. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas com agentes chaves de clientes e executores, com o objetivo de coletar a experiência destes agentes com as práticas correntes. Adicionalmente às entrevistas, foram realizados dois estudos de caso breves em projetos de construção. Através da análise das entrevistas e casos estudados, foi possível levantar as principais barreiras e oportunidades para implantação desta nova abordagem no contexto industrial brasileiro. Por fim, o presente trabalho desenvolveu um modelo para a implantação gradual desta nova abordagem para gestão dos projetos de instalações da indústria de base, levando em consideração o contexto atual e o patamar a ser alcançado. / The traditional project management approach treats projects similarly without enough consideration of the context, and needs a broader and deeper theoretical foundation. In this approach, complex projects, in which solutions only emerge along the process, are managed similarly to simple projects, which have clear objectives and known solutions. Moreover, processes are assumed to be sequential and fragmented, and being divided in many small parts. Consequently, the majority of projects do not achieve their purposes, being ineffective in terms of generating value for stakeholders, and there is often litigation between client and contractors. As an alternative to the traditional approach, this study discusses a new form of Project Delivery System (PDS) to be used in industrial installation projects, based on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) principles, associated with Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) practices, and the commercial terms of relational contracts. In this PDS, project management is based on collaboration and integration among parts, and risks and benefits are shared, reducing process waste and improving value generation. Initially, this study sought to understand the existing project management practices in industrial installation projects, through an exploratory study on a base industry. Then, a set of interviews was carried out with key stakeholders, such as clients and subcontractors, with the aim of collecting data about their experience with existing practices. Additionally, two brief case studies in construction projects that had some innovative project management practices were undertaken. Based on the interviews and cases studies, the main barriers and opportunities for use the new PDS approach in the Brazilian industrial context were identified. Finally, a model for the gradual implementation of the proposed PDS in base industry projects was built, considering the current state and the desired state of project management practices.

A abordagem tradicional de gestão de projetos trata como similares todos os projetos, sem considerar o contexto de cada um, e carece de uma fundamentação teórica mais ampla e aprofundada. Nesta abordagem, projetos mais complexos, nos quais, muitas vezes, as soluções somente emergem ao longo do projeto, são gerenciados da mesma forma que projetos simples, com objetivos claros e soluções evidentes. Como consequência, os projetos, em sua maioria, não têm atingido seus propósitos, deixando assim de agregar valor às organizações, além de gerar litígios entre clientes e empresas executoras. Alternativamente à abordagem tradicional, o presente trabalho abordou um modelo de Sistema de Gestão de Projeto (SGP) para os projetos de instalações industriais baseado nos princípios de Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), associado às práticas de Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) e termos comerciais voltados a contratos relacionais. É uma forma de gerir projetos de maneira mais colaborativa entre as partes, através da construção de times integrados, compartilhamento de riscos e benefícios, redução das perdas no processo e geração de valor. Inicialmente, o presente trabalho buscou caracterizar as práticas correntes da gestão de projetos de instalação industrial, por meio de um estudo de caráter exploratório realizado numa indústria de base. Posteriormente, foram realizadas entrevistas com agentes chaves de clientes e executores, com o objetivo de coletar a experiência destes agentes com as práticas correntes. Adicionalmente às entrevistas, foram realizados dois estudos de caso breves em projetos de construção. Através da análise das entrevistas e casos estudados, foi possível levantar as principais barreiras e oportunidades para implantação desta nova abordagem no contexto industrial brasileiro. Por fim, o presente trabalho desenvolveu um modelo para a implantação gradual desta nova abordagem para gestão dos projetos de instalações da indústria de base, levando em consideração o contexto atual e o patamar a ser alcançado. / The traditional project management approach treats projects similarly without enough consideration of the context, and needs a broader and deeper theoretical foundation. In this approach, complex projects, in which solutions only emerge along the process, are managed similarly to simple projects, which have clear objectives and known solutions. Moreover, processes are assumed to be sequential and fragmented, and being divided in many small parts. Consequently, the majority of projects do not achieve their purposes, being ineffective in terms of generating value for stakeholders, and there is often litigation between client and contractors. As an alternative to the traditional approach, this study discusses a new form of Project Delivery System (PDS) to be used in industrial installation projects, based on Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) principles, associated with Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS) practices, and the commercial terms of relational contracts. In this PDS, project management is based on collaboration and integration among parts, and risks and benefits are shared, reducing process waste and improving value generation. Initially, this study sought to understand the existing project management practices in industrial installation projects, through an exploratory study on a base industry. Then, a set of interviews was carried out with key stakeholders, such as clients and subcontractors, with the aim of collecting data about their experience with existing practices. Additionally, two brief case studies in construction projects that had some innovative project management practices were undertaken. Based on the interviews and cases studies, the main barriers and opportunities for use the new PDS approach in the Brazilian industrial context were identified. Finally, a model for the gradual implementation of the proposed PDS in base industry projects was built, considering the current state and the desired state of project management practices.

Esta dissertação analisa a trajetória do Partido Progressista Brasileiro (PPB), atualmente rebatizado de Partido Progressista (PP), desde a época do regime militar, sob a denominação de ARENA. O trabalho investiga o desempenho eleitoral e as estratégias que o partido vem utilizando para sobreviver em um ambiente democrático e multipartidário. Nascido dentro do Estado no período autoritário o PPB enfrentou uma série de dificuldades para manter-se com a transição para a democracia. O partido que nasceu grande e descentralizado vem ao longo do tempo assumindo outro perfil: um partido menor e mais centralizado. Apesar de ter perdido influência o PPB têm se mantido entre os maiores partidos do Brasil concentrando cerca de 10% dos cargos políticos em disputa. O trabalho trata também dos deputados, federais e estaduais, do PPB, analisando o posicionamento destes acerca de questões importantes para a política nacional. / This dissertation analyses the trajectory of the Brazilian Progressive Party (recently renamed of Progressive Party - PP), since its creation during the military regimen under the denomination of ARENA (Renovadora National Alliance). The work investigates the electoral performance and the strategies developed by the party to survive under a democratic and multiparty environment. Having been born within of the State, BPP faced many difficulties to survive after the end of the authoritarian regime. After having developed a large and decentralized struture, this party have changed into: a centralized and small organization. Although having lost most of its influence, the BPP has kept its position among the largest parties concentrating about 10% of the elected offices in the country. The work also examines the BPP´s members of the houses of representatives, analysing their positioning regarding important issues of Brazilian policy.