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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudos eletroquímicos de eletrólise a membrana polimérica para produção de hidrogênio / Electrochemical study of polymer membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production

Silva, Marco Antonio Oliveira da 28 June 2011 (has links)
O uso do hidrogênio produzido pela água como vetor energético pode ser uma das soluções encontradas para evitar emissões de poluentes por ser uma energia limpa e renovável. Produzir o hidrogênio por intermédio de uma célula eletrolítica a membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMEC) é uma alternativa vantajosa, pois a forma sólida da membrana garante uma densidade de corrente elétrica maior comparada à eletrólise alcalina convencional, além de outras vantagens, como por exemplo, a relativa facilidade para manutenção. Os estudos presentes neste trabalho partiram da configuração de uma célula a combustível a membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMFC), entretanto, os dois tipos de células necessitam de materiais e catalisadores diferentes. Testes revelaram que placas bipolares de grafite da PEMEC não podem ser usadas, tampouco as de grafite cobertas com níquel devido à forte corrosão ocorrida na região anódica. A eletrólise por uma PEMEC é possível, no entanto, a escolha de materiais para a região anódica define a confiabilidade do método. Os aços inoxidáveis da série 3XX apresentaram os melhores resultados com níveis comerciais de produção de 75 a 85 mL.cm-2.min-1 de H2 em temperatura ambiente, com potencial de -1,9 V. Fizeram-se experimentos em PEMEC de aço AISI 310 que mostraram bom desempenho, mas ocorrendo corrosões e inviabilizando a continuidade do processo após 6h de operação. Análise por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) na PEMEC desse aço foi feita para se estudar o aumento resistivo dos componentes da célula ao longo de uma sequência de eventos em um processo corrosivo do ânodo. / The use of hydrogen produced by water as energy vector can be one of the solutions to prevent emissions of pollutants because it is a clean and renewable energy. To produce hydrogen through a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC) is an advantageous alternative, because the membrane as a solid structure ensures a higher electrical current density compared to conventional alkaline electrolysis, among other advantages, such as a relative ease of maintenance. The studies in this work started from the configuration of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), however, both cell types require different materials and catalysts. Tests revealed that graphite bipolar plates cannot be used in PEMEC, either nickel coated graphite due to heavy corrosion in the anodic region. Electrolysis by a PEMEC is possible, however, the choice of materials for the anode region defines the reliability of the method. The 3XX series stainless steel showed the best results with commercial production levels from 75 to 85 mL.cm-2.min-1 H2 at room temperature, with a potential of -1.9 V. Experiments were made in PEMEC steel AISI 310 which showed good performance to produce H2, but as the corrosion occurred, the process become inadequate after 6 hours of operation. Analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in this PEMEC with bipolar steel plates was made to study the increase of the cell components resistances along a sequence of events in a process of anode corrosion.
2

Estudos eletroquímicos de eletrólise a membrana polimérica para produção de hidrogênio / Electrochemical study of polymer membrane electrolysis for hydrogen production

Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva 28 June 2011 (has links)
O uso do hidrogênio produzido pela água como vetor energético pode ser uma das soluções encontradas para evitar emissões de poluentes por ser uma energia limpa e renovável. Produzir o hidrogênio por intermédio de uma célula eletrolítica a membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMEC) é uma alternativa vantajosa, pois a forma sólida da membrana garante uma densidade de corrente elétrica maior comparada à eletrólise alcalina convencional, além de outras vantagens, como por exemplo, a relativa facilidade para manutenção. Os estudos presentes neste trabalho partiram da configuração de uma célula a combustível a membrana trocadora de prótons (PEMFC), entretanto, os dois tipos de células necessitam de materiais e catalisadores diferentes. Testes revelaram que placas bipolares de grafite da PEMEC não podem ser usadas, tampouco as de grafite cobertas com níquel devido à forte corrosão ocorrida na região anódica. A eletrólise por uma PEMEC é possível, no entanto, a escolha de materiais para a região anódica define a confiabilidade do método. Os aços inoxidáveis da série 3XX apresentaram os melhores resultados com níveis comerciais de produção de 75 a 85 mL.cm-2.min-1 de H2 em temperatura ambiente, com potencial de -1,9 V. Fizeram-se experimentos em PEMEC de aço AISI 310 que mostraram bom desempenho, mas ocorrendo corrosões e inviabilizando a continuidade do processo após 6h de operação. Análise por espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica (EIE) na PEMEC desse aço foi feita para se estudar o aumento resistivo dos componentes da célula ao longo de uma sequência de eventos em um processo corrosivo do ânodo. / The use of hydrogen produced by water as energy vector can be one of the solutions to prevent emissions of pollutants because it is a clean and renewable energy. To produce hydrogen through a proton exchange membrane electrolytic cell (PEMEC) is an advantageous alternative, because the membrane as a solid structure ensures a higher electrical current density compared to conventional alkaline electrolysis, among other advantages, such as a relative ease of maintenance. The studies in this work started from the configuration of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), however, both cell types require different materials and catalysts. Tests revealed that graphite bipolar plates cannot be used in PEMEC, either nickel coated graphite due to heavy corrosion in the anodic region. Electrolysis by a PEMEC is possible, however, the choice of materials for the anode region defines the reliability of the method. The 3XX series stainless steel showed the best results with commercial production levels from 75 to 85 mL.cm-2.min-1 H2 at room temperature, with a potential of -1.9 V. Experiments were made in PEMEC steel AISI 310 which showed good performance to produce H2, but as the corrosion occurred, the process become inadequate after 6 hours of operation. Analysis by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in this PEMEC with bipolar steel plates was made to study the increase of the cell components resistances along a sequence of events in a process of anode corrosion.
3

Comparative LCA of Electrolyzers for Hydrogen Gas Production / Jämförande LCA av elektrolyser för vätgasproduktion

Lundberg, Susanne January 2019 (has links)
The need for energy and fuels is predicted to grow within the next decades, in parallel to the need of decreasing the emissions to air and water to operate within the planetary boundaries. The alternatives to consider as energy or fuel options need to be environmentally friendly, evaluated over the whole life cycle. Hydrogen is one of the considered alternatives because it contains no carbon and has a good environmental performance when produced from renewable sources. It can be produced by a variety of methods, where electrolyzers have a good potential environmental impact if powered by renewable energy. Electrolyzers cleave water into hydrogen and oxygen, by using electricity and water. There are currently four technologies on the market or under development but there is a lack of LCA-studies that compare these. This study is an attributional LCA-study, evaluating the potential environmental performance of two electrolyzers: PEMEC and SOEC. The result from this study is thereafter compared to a parallel study of one other electrolyzer: Alkaline. The LCA study considers six impact categories: Abiotic Depletion (element), Abiotic Depletion (fossil), Acidification Potential, Eutrophication Potential, Global Warming Potential and Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential. The system boundary is set as cradle to gate. The electricity source for hydrogen production is evaluated in a sensitivity analysis, together with a scenario of future estimated developments. The electricity during hydrogen production has the highest impact of the life cycle for PEMEC and SOEC, where the energy source has a great impact on the result. PEMEC has the lowest potential environmental impact, in comparison to Alkaline and SOEC, which comes from low energy consumption and low weight of materials with high environmental impact. / Energi- och bränslebehovet förväntas öka inom de närmsta decennierna, samtidigt som utsläpp till luft och vatten måste minska för att nå uppsatta klimatmål. De alternativ som tas fram behöver vara miljövänliga, med bra klimatresultat sett över hela livscykeln. Vätgas är ett alternativ som övervägs, på grund av högt energiinnehåll och låga utsläpp till följd av att den är fri från kol. Vätgas kan produceras med en mängd metoder, där genom elektrolys anses vara en av de bästa teknikerna ur miljösynpunkt. En elektrolysör producerar vät- och syrgas genom att sönderdela vatten med hjälp av elektricitet. Det finns fyra elektrolys-varianter på marknaden och under utveckling, men det saknas LCA-studier där dessa jämförs mot varandra. Denna studie är en bokförings LCA av två elektrolyser: PEMEC och SOEC, som jämförs med resultatet från en parallell studie av en annan elektrolys-typ: Alkalisk. Potentiell miljöpåverkan mättes i sex stycken kategorier: resursutarmning (fossila resurser och ämnen), försurning, övergödning, global uppvärmning och fotokemiskt marknära ozon. Systemgränsen är satt från råmaterialutvinning till vätgasproduktion. Valet av elektricitetskälla för vätgasproduktion utvärderas i en känslighetsanalys, tillsammans med påverkan av framtida teknikers konstruktion. Livscykelfasen ”produktion av vätgas” har övervägande högst påverkan över livscykeln för SOEC och PEMEC, där elektriciteten är den bidragande faktorn. Elektrolysmodellen PEMEC har uppskattningsvis lägst miljömässig påverkan över livscykeln. Den låga påverkan för PEMEC kan härledas till låg elektricitetsförbrukning under vätgasproduktionen samt låga vikter av material med hög miljömässig påverkan.
4

Zielgrößen und Spannungsfelder beim Vergleich von Herstellungs-verfahren für metallische Bipolarplatten

Porstmann, Sebastian, Polster, Stefan, Reuther, Franz, Melzer, Sebastian, Nagel, Matthias, Psyk, Verena, Dix, Martin 27 May 2022 (has links)
Elektrochemische Energiewandler sind eine hervorragende Möglichkeit, die Energieversorgung der Zu-kunft zu sichern. Eine Schlüsselkomponente der hierfür benötigten Polymer-Elektrolyt-Membran-Brenn-stoffzellen und -Elektrolyseurzellen ist die Bipolarplatte. Für die Herstellung metallischer Bipolarplatten sind verschiedene umformende Fertigungstechnologien geeignet, die sich hinsichtlich erreichbarer Fer-tigungskosten, Endeigenschaften der Bipolarplatte und technologischer Prozessgrenzen unterschei-den. In diesem Artikel werden die aktuell präferierten Fertigungstechnologien wie die wirkmedienba-sierte Blechumformung, sowie das Hohlprägen und das Hohlprägewalzen zur Herstellung von metalli-schen Bipolarplatten miteinander verglichen und bewertet. / Electrochemical energy converters are an excellent option to secure the energy supply of the future. A key component of the polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells and -electrolyser cells required for this purpose is the bipolar plate. Various forming technologies with different manufacturing costs, final prop-erties of the bipolar plates, and technological process limits are suitable for the fabrication of metallic bipolar plates. In this article, the currently preferred manufacturing technologies to produce metallic bipolar plates like precisely media-based sheet forming as well as hollow embossing and roll embossing, are compared and evaluated.

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