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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Économie informelle en Haïti, marché du travail et pauvreté : analyses quantitatives / Informal economy in Haiti, labour market and poverty : a quantitative analysis

Aspilaire, Roseman 03 November 2017 (has links)
La prédominance de l’informel dans l’économie d’Haïti, où plus de 80% de la population vit en dessous du seuil de la pauvreté et plus de 35% au chômage, laisse entrevoir des liens étroits entre l’économie informelle, la pauvreté et le marché du travail. Faire ressortir ces interrelations, exige une évaluation de cette économie informelle qui fait l’objet des quatre chapitres de notre thèse traitant successivement l’évolution de la situation macroéconomique, le capital humain, les gains des travailleurs informels, et la segmentation du marché du travail.Le premier chapitre fait un diagnostic du phénomène selon l’état des lieux des théories élaborées et l’évolution du cadre macro-économique d’Haïti de 1980 à 2010 et propose une évaluation macroéconomique de l’informel à partir d’un modèle PLS (Partial Least Squares) en pourcentage du PIB.Le chapitre deux établit les relations entre l’évolution de l’économie informelle, dérégulation et politiques néolibérales grâce à un modèle LISREL (Linear Structural Relations). Nous examinons les incidences des politiques fiscales, budgétaires et monétaires des 30 dernières années sur l’économie informelle. Nous réévaluons aussi les causes de l’évolution de l’informel généralement évoquées par les études empiriques (taxes, sécurité sociale).Au chapitre trois, nous analysons la dimension micro-réelle de l’informel grâce à un modèle des gains à la Mincer estimé par les équations logit à partir des données d’une enquête nationale sur l’emploi et l’économie informelle (EEEI) de 2007. Nous analysons les déterminants des gains informels au regard de la position des travailleurs sur le marché (salariés, entrepreneurs et indépendants) ; et les revenus (formels et informels) et les caractéristiques socioéconomiques des travailleurs pauvres et non-pauvres par rapport au seuil de pauvreté.Au chapitre quatre, nous testons d’abord la compétitivité et la segmentation du marché de l’emploi en faisant usage de modèle de Roy et du modèle de Roy élargi à travers une estimation d’un modèle Tobit. Nous utilisons un modèle de Processus de Dirichlet : d’abord analyser la segmentation et la compétitivité éventuelle du marché du travail informel ainsi que ses déterminants, selon les données de l’EEEI-2007 ; ensuite, pour distinguer les caractéristiques fondamentales des informels involontaires (exclus du marché du travail formel) de celles des informels volontaires qui en retirent des avantages comparatifs. / The predominance of the informal sector in the economy of Haiti, where more than 80% of the population lives below the threshold of poverty and more than 35% unemployed, suggests links between the informal economy, poverty and the labour market. Highlight these interrelationships, requires an assessment of the informal economy, which is the subject of the four chapters of this thesis, dealing successively with the evolution of the macroeconomic situation, human capital, the informal earnings of workers, and the segmentation of the labour market.The first chapter made a diagnosis of the phenomenon according to the State of affairs of the developed theories and the evolution of the macroeconomic framework of Haiti from 1980 to 2010. And then offers a macroeconomic assessment of the informal sector as a percentage of GDP from a PLS (Partial Least Squares).Chapter two sets out the relationship between the evolution of the informal economy, deregulation and neo-liberal policies through a LISREL (Linear Structural Relations) model. We look at the impact of the budgetary, fiscal and monetary policies of the past 30 years on the informal economy. We also reassess the causes of the evolution of the informal economy generally evoked by the empirical studies (taxes, social security).In the chapter three, we analyse the micro-real dimension of the informal economy through a model of the Mincer earnings estimated by the equations logit from data in a national survey on employment and the informal economy (EEEI) in 2007. We analyse the determinants of informal gains in terms of the position of the market workers (employees, entrepreneurs and self-employed); and revenues (formal and informal) and the socio-economic characteristics of the working poor and non-poor compared to the poverty line.In chapter four, we first test the competitiveness and the segmentation of the labour market by making use of model of Roy and the expanded Roy model through an estimate a model Tobit. We use a model of Dirichlet process: first analyse the segmentation and possible informal work and market competitiveness as its determinants, according to data from the EEEI 2007; then, to distinguish the fundamental characteristics of the involuntary informal (excluded from the formal labour market) than the voluntary informal who gain comparative advantages.
2

Känslig hälsoinformation i händerna på oerfarna studenter : En enkätstudie om läkarstudenters kunskap, attityd och beteende gällande informationssäkerhet

Säfström, Märta, Ereback, Estrid January 2021 (has links)
The more digital the healthcare sector gets, the more considerable is the need for good information security within the sector. A group that, already during its education, gets in contact with sensitive information is medical students. Previous studies show that medical students run a significant risk of mishandling sensitive information during their medicinal internship. The goal of this study is to investigate what level of knowledge the medicinal students possess about information security and to see to what extent that affects their attitude towards information security and behavior in information security contexts. A survey based research method is used with an online questionnaire and the study has its theoretical base in the knowledge-attitude-behavior model and in prior studies performed within the same area of research. The questionnaire is created with inspiration from the HAIS-Q, which is an already tested questionnaire that is used to examine information security awareness. The result shows that the medicinal students have a higher level of knowledge about information security compared to their attitude towards information security and behavior in information security contexts. The result also indicates that higher levels of knowledge lead to better attitudes and behaviors. A recommendation for further studies within the topic is suggested, preferably on a larger sample where researchers can look at differences between universities in order to get a more holistic picture of the situation. The HAIS-Q should be evaluated more thoroughly as a research method since this study identifies shortcomings associated with the method. / Med ökad digitalisering inom vården ökar behovet av god informationssäkerhet inom hälso- och sjukvård. Läkarstudenter är en grupp som redan under sin utbildning kommer i kontakt med mycket känslig information och studier visar på att studenter inom hälso- och sjukvård löper stor risk att hantera känslig information felaktigt under sin praktik. Syftet med den här studien är att mäta hur bra kunskap läkarstudenter har om informationssäkerhet och hur stor inverkan detta har på deras attityd och beteende i informationssäkerhetsfrågor. För att testa detta utförs en enkätundersökning online med teoretisk utgångspunkt i kunskap-attityd-beteende-modellen samt tidigare studier gjorda inom samma område. Enkäten utformas med stor inspiration från HAIS-Q, vilket är en beprövad enkätmetod för att mäta informationssäkerhetsmedvetenhet. Resultatet visar på att läkarstudenterna uppvisar bättre kunskap än attityd och beteende i informationssäkerhetsfrågor. Genom studien identifieras även att kunskap har en positiv inverkan på attityd och beteende, där det går att se att ökad kunskap leder till bättre attityd och beteende. Slutsatserna innefattar bland annat rekommendationer om fortsatta undersökningar inom området med större urvalsgrupp där jämförelser mellan olika lärosäten bör göras för att få en med holistisk bild av situationen. En mer noggrann utvärdering av HAIS-Q som enkätmetod bör också genomföras då denna undersökning identifierar brister med metoden.

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