Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:00:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo7091_1.pdf: 2209501 bytes, checksum: b4d5a299f69fe3f4cc2eb2915efed947 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Nos últimos anos, o conhecimento vem ocupando um lugar cada vez mais importante no universo corporativo e se tornando elemento essencial para o desenvolvimento organizacional e para o sucesso dos negócios. As empresas têm enxergado na Gestão do Conhecimento (GC) a possibilidade de aperfeiçoamento das atividades gerenciais e das rotinas administrativas, através de mecanismos que permitem a identificação e o desenvolvimento das competências dos funcionários, o estímulo à criatividade e ideias inovadoras, a gestão de projetos estratégicos, além de outros benefícios que podem ser obtidos através do uso do conhecimento. Com isso, as empresas estão desenvolvendo processos que facilitem a criação, o uso e o compartilhamento do seu conhecimento. Nas organizações, todo funcionário necessita de acesso a algum tipo de conhecimento para o desempenho satisfatório de suas atividades. Tal conhecimento pode ser obtido quando se coloca o profissional em contato com artefatos (e.g. documentos, manuais) relevantes ou através da troca de experiências com outros profissionais que possuam esse conhecimento. Entretanto, localizar esses artefatos ou funcionários não é uma tarefa simples. Este problema parece ainda pior no setor público, onde a maioria dos documentos produzidos não possui um modelo de armazenagem e são facilmente perdidos, dificultando a localização da informação institucional relevante. Por isso, o Governo Federal sugere a aplicação do Padrão de Metadados do Governo Eletrônico (e-PMG) para facilitar a localização dos documentos que os funcionários necessitem. Diante disso, algumas organizações vêm realizando pesquisas na área de Sistemas de Recomendação para localizar e recomendar pessoas e documentos relevantes. Estes sistemas são conhecidos como Sistemas de Recomendação de Especialistas (SRE). O objetivo desse trabalho é desenvolver uma ferramenta, o PARTNERS (PARTicular Needs to an Expert Recommender System), que aborde as duas áreas, GC e SRE, para utilização em uma organização do setor público. Além disto, é proposta uma metodologia de GC para as organizações do setor público que forem implementar projetos de GC que tratem com a recomendação de especialistas. Essa ferramenta foi utilizada em um experimento na Secretaria de Ciência Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente do Estado de Pernambuco (SECTMA). Este cenário possibilitou aos funcionários da secretaria ter uma visão do conhecimento institucional, facilitar a localização dos documentos estratégicos e dos especialistas, e impulsionar a criação de novos conhecimentos

There exists much controversy as to whether international migration in general, and migrant's remittances in particular, increase or decrease economic welfare at origin. Our research contributes to the international discussion on remittances by presenting novel insights on the basis of theoretical and empirical analysis. Analysis of remittances from macro-economic as well as micro-economic point of view reveals that remittances not only have growth enhancing effect but also have an equalizing impact on income distribution of the recipient economy. The first chapter shows how large flows of remittances not only help the receiver to accumulate necessary savings but also reduce the critical level of wealth needed to get access to the capital market to instigate entrepreneurship. The second chapter reveals that the measured impact of remittances on business investment have significant country heterogeneity; remittances facilitate entrepreneurship in those countries where the lenders of the capital market can predict smooth and increasing flow of remittances. The third chapter proposes that remittances work better than aid in enhancing growth of the recipient country and the reason is that remittances are more effective than aid in augmenting capital accumulation.

The structure of a permanent magnet generator (PMG) connected with an active front-end rectifier is very popular in the AC-DC architecture. Especially for certain applications like aircraft and vehicles, power density and efficiency is critical. Since the generator and the rectifier can be controlled simultaneously, it would be very desirable to develop a unified control. With this unified control, the boost inductors between the PMG and rectifier is eliminated, which significantly reduce the volume and the weight of the whole system and improve the system power density. Also the system efficiency can be improved with appropriate control strategy. In this thesis, a unified control for the permanent magnet generator and rectifier system is presented. Firstly, the unified model of the PMG and rectifier system is given as the basis to design the control system. Secondly, a unified control method for PMG and rectifier system is introduced. The design procedure for each control loops are presented in detail, including current control loop, voltage control loop, reactive control loop and speed and rotor position estimator loop. Thirdly, the hardware is developed and the experiment is conducted to verify the control strategy. Fourthly, a method to optimize the overall system efficiency by appropriate reactive power distribution is proposed. The two cases when the DC link voltage is flexible and the DC link voltage is fixed are considered. / Master of Science

The chemistry of mineral surfaces is of great importance in many different areas including natural processes occurring in oceans, rivers, lakes and soils. Manganese (hydr)oxides are one important group to these natural processes, and the thermodynamically most stable trivalent manganese (hydr)oxide, manganit (γ-MnOOH), is studied in this thesis. This thesis summarises six papers in which the surface chemistry of synthetic manganite has been investigated with respect to surface acid-base properties, dissolution, and adsorption of Cd(II) and the herbicide N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (glyphosate, PMG). In these papers, a wide range of analysis techniques were used, including X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), potentiometry, electrophoretic mobility measurements and wet chemical techniques, in order to obtain a more complete understanding of the different processes occurring at the manganite-water interface. From the combined use of these techniques, a 1-pKa acid-base model was established that is valid at pH>6. The model includes a Na+ interaction with the surface: =MnOH2+½ --> =MnOH-½ + H+ log β0 (intr.) = -8.20 = -pHiep =MnOH2+½ + Na+ --> =MnOHNa+½ + H+ log β0 (intr.) = -9.64 At pH<6 the manganite crystals dissolve and disproportionate into pyrolusite (β-MnO2) and Mn(II)-ions in solution according to: 2 γ-MnOOH + 2H+ --> β-MnO2 + Mn2+ + 2H2O log K0 = 7.61 ± 0.10 The adsorption and co-adsorption of Cd(II) and glyphosate at the manganite surface was studied at pH>6. Cd(II) adsorption displays an adsorption edge at pH~8.5. Glyphosate adsorbs over the entire pH range, but the adsorption decreases with increasing pH. When the two substances are co-adsorbed, the adsorption of Cd(II) is increased at low pH but decreased at high pH. The adsorption of glyphosate is increased in the entire pH range in the presence of Cd(II). From XPS, FTIR and EXAFS it was found that glyphosate and Cd(II) form inner sphere complexes. The binary Cd(II)-surface complex is bonded by edge sharing of Mn and Cd octahedra on the (010) plane of manganite. Glyphosate forms inner-sphere complexes through an interaction between the phosphonate group and the manganite surface. The largest fraction of this binary glyphosate complex is protonated throughout the pH range. A ternary surface complex is also present, and its structure is explained as type B ternary surface complex (surface-glyphosate-Cd(II)). The chelating rings between the Cd(II) and glyphosate, found in aqueous complexes, are maintained at the surface, and the ternary complex is bound to the surface through the phosphonate group of the ligand.