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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
131

Systém pro měření kvality elektrické energie / Power quality measuring system

Valenta, Jaroslav January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with the measurement of power quality. The evaluating quality parameters, data collection systems and transfer technologies will be discussed. The various type of cryptographic algorithms are also described. Cryptographic algorithms, which ensure to secure data communications from remote collection points of measurement, will be realized. These cryptographic algorithms will be realized in MATLAB and C/C++. The last part is focus on designed and implemented a simulation model to telemetry the power quality.
132

Control and Interface Design for Cost Reduction of a Low Power Grid-Connected Wind-Photovoltaic System

Musunuri, Shravana Kumar 30 April 2011 (has links)
The ever increasing demand for electricity has driven society toward the installation of new generation facilities. Concerns such as high costs associated with installation of new facilities, environmental pollution, higher transmission and distribution losses, depleting fossil fuels has created a lot of interest in exploring the renewable energy sources for generation, particularly near the load sites. Accordingly, emphasis has been put on Wind, and Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems. A study on the operational characteristics of these systems reveals that the power generation is high at certain optimal points and recognizing these optimum points and operating the system accordingly is an interesting and important part of the system design. Further, a hybrid Wind- PV system has higher reliability and generation capability when compared to either source alone, and as a result many such hybrid systems with an additional energy storage backup for increased reliability have been proposed. While the systems with energy storage are reported to have satisfactory performance, the energy storage component is typically found to incur the highest cost, requiring frequent maintenance and hence acts as a deterrent for increasing the renewable energy generation. Particularly, for small grid connected applications like shopping malls, office buildings, etc. any additional power that could not be provided by the hybrid system could be provided by the grid, and in case the power generation is higher it could be sent to the grid. For cases like this, it would be ideal if systems could be developed without energy storage, and maximum possible power could be extracted from the hybrid energy sources. Also, the power quality concerns posed due to the random nature of the power generated from the hybrid system, is an important issue that must be addressed. The conventional control methods used typically require overly sized component ratings, resulting in the degradation of the dynamic performance while adding to the cost of the system. This dissertation addresses these issues by proposing faster maximum power extraction algorithms from the hybrid renewable energy system, and proposes new control architecture for improving the output power quality to the grid.
133

The Impact of Voltage Dip Characteristics on Low Voltage Ride Through of DFIG-based Wind Turbines

Chen, Cheng January 2019 (has links)
In last decade, there is a large increase in installed capacity of wind power. Asmore wind power is integrated into utility networks, related technologychallenges draw much attention. The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) isthe mainstream choice for wind turbine generator (WTG) in current market andthe object of this thesis. It is very sensitive to voltage dips. The enhancement oflow voltage ride through (LVRT) is one of the most important issues for DFIG,and many works have already been done to provide solutions.In current works, the voltage dip waveforms that are applied in LVRTrelated works are largely different from waveforms in reality, because they failto consider the the effect of realistic wind farm configurations on waveforms ofvoltage dips and significant influences of additional characteristics of voltagedips. The true impact of the voltage dip needs to be assessed in performanceevaluation and development of LVRT methods. To support the development ofpractical LVRT capacity enhancement solutions, the application of voltage dipknowledge is definitely demanded.In this thesis, the characteristics of realistic waveform voltage dips in windfarm are analyized based on voltage dip knowldege from power quality field,measured voltage dip from industry and realistic wind farm configurations.Classical analysis theory is applied to explain the principles of the impact ofvoltage dip characteristics on dynamic behavior of DFIG. The impacts of manywidely neglected characteristics such as phase angle jump (PAJ), point on wave(POW) of initiation and recovery, voltage recovery process, transformerconfigurations, load effect are revealed and verified by simulations. The impactof many voltage dip characteristics on DFIG are studied for the first time. / De senaste tio åren har sett en stor ökning av installerad effekt av vindkraft.Mer vindkraft i elnäten har lett till större uppmärksamhet om dess tekniskautmaningar. Den dubbelmatad asynkrongenerator (DFIG) är idag denvanligaste förekommande typen i vindkraftverk. Den är mycket känslig förspänningssänkningar. Förbättring av tålighet för spänningssänkningar (LVRT)är en av de viktigaste frågorna för DFIG, och många studier har redan söktlösningar.I befintliga studier om LVRT har spänningssänkningarna skiljt sig väsentligtfrån verkliga vågformer, då de inte har tagit hänsyn till realistiskavindparkkonfigurationer och betydande påverkan av ytterligare egenskaper hosspänningssänkningar. För att stödja utvecklingen av praktiska LVRT lösningarbehövs mer kunskap om spänningssänkningar för att bedöma dess verkligainverkan.Detta examensarbete förbättrar LVRT analysen av DFIG genom att tillämpakunskap om spänningssänkningar från elkvalitetsområdet, tillsammans medrealistiska vindparkskonfigurationer. Inflytandet av ändringar i fasvinkel(PAJ), fasvinkeln vid sänkning och återhämtning (POW), spänningsåterhämtning, transformatorkonfigurationer, last och många andra egenskaperav spänningssänkningar ingår också. Inflytandet av många egenskaper avspänningssänkningar studeras här akademiskt för första gången. Denkaraktäristik av realistiska spänningssänkningar som inträffar vid generatornspoler, och de effekter dessa har, studeras och förklaras genom teoretisk analysoch intensiva simuleringar.
134

Power Quality for Distributed Wind Power Generation

Navarrete Pablo-Romero, Javier January 2012 (has links)
Wind power often is a source of voltage fluctuations and possible voltage issues are raised when considering interconnecting wind turbines to an electric grid. Also, the power electronics introduced in the wind turbines might insert more fluctuations and different PQ problems. Distributed generation seems to be a good option in order to try to mitigate these problems. The first goal of the work is to create a model of a small electric grid, using MATLAB/Simulink. The models aims to simulate various DFIG wind turbines coupled to the grid in different conditions of location and wind. Then, the main objective is to analyze the PQ in the grid with this type of turbine. For this, once the simulations have been done, the results obtained have allowed calculating different indices to study PQ in the model. Afterwards, a comparison of those indices in the different conditions is made. / StandUp
135

Multifunctional voltage source converter for shipboard power systems

Borisov, Konstantin A 11 August 2007 (has links)
Multifunctional voltage source converters (VSCs) are desired for shipboard power systems. The opportunity to extend the functionality of a particular VSC on demand, combined with power system reconfiguration strategies may provide desired redundancy to back up power electronic converters that might be destroyed as a result of a battle damage or material casualty. The space for power electronics may be downsized if the VSCs are capable of performing multiple functions. In addition, the flexibility of the energy management can be enhanced in shipboard power systems if a single VSC can perform multiple functions. The functionality of a VSC in many cases is restricted to a single task or set of tasks by its control architecture. Despite the great number of different control strategies suggested for VSCs, nearly all use similar methods for generation of the reference signals. These methods generally depend upon the use of filters to extract reference signals for the components that are to be injected into or drawn from the system. These methods of control are not flexible. The main objective of the dissertation is the development of a flexible reference signal generator for VSCs that allows online maximization of its possible functions. Furthermore, the switching frequency of a VSC is generally above 10 kHz for many applications, and carries a significant amount of high frequency noise. This necessitates the use of EMI filters, which carry an extra cost and increase the overall bulk of the power electronics. This may not be acceptable for shipboard power systems, where the space and weight requirements are usually stringent. Thus, in addition to investigation of various reference signal generator (RSG) strategies for VSCs, alternative solutions to attenuate EMI levels in the shipboard power system environment are explored.
136

A robustez de um sistema de distribuição e a alocação de medidores de qualidade da energia elétrica frente aos afundamentos de tensão / The robustness of a distribution system and an allocation of power quality monitors in the face of the voltage sags

Kempner, Thais Reggina 23 March 2012 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo inicial reapresentar e difundir o Método das Posições de Falta (MPF) como um meio analítico para se determinar as tensões remanescentes, em todas as barras constituintes de um Sistema de Distribuição (SD), quando da ocorrência de afundamentos de tensão. Pela aplicação de tal método, é possível construir a Matriz de Tensão Durante a Falta (MTDF), denotando assim, a influência e a propagação dos afundamentos de tensão sobre toda a rede. A fim de validar o MPF, será realizada uma comparação dos resultados obtidos com os provenientes de simulações computacionais dispondo do software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Desta comparação, ilustra-se que a ferramenta indicada mantém a previsão dos resultados em limites aceitáveis, mesmo considerando certa simplificação nos procedimentos de cálculo e na modelagem computacional dos componentes do sistema. A partir dos resultados encontrados, é realizado um mapeamento das áreas de risco que equipamentos eletroeletrônicos sensíveis estarão submetidos, através da delimitação e análise da área afetada e da área exposta ou de vulnerabilidade. Em complementação ao trabalho, é apresentada uma proposta baseada em um algoritmo branch and bound que determinará o número ótimo de medidores de qualidade de energia, bem como as barras onde os mesmos devam ser instalados para monitorar os afundamentos de tensão, com o objetivo de garantir que ao menos um dos medidores seja sensibilizado para cada um dos curtos-circuitos simulados. / This dissertation aims to initially reintroduce and spread the Fault Positions Method (FPM) as an analytic means to determine the remaining voltage in all bus bar constituents of a Distribution System (DS), upon the occurrence of voltage sags. By applying this method, it is possible to formulate the during fault voltage matrix, thus denoting the influence and propagation of voltage sags around the network as a whole. In order to legitimate the FPM, the results obtained are compared to those from computer simulations by use of the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) software. This comparison demonstrates that the tool has maintained the predicted results within acceptable limits, even though some simplification in the procedure for calculating and computer modeling of the system components. Based on such results, a detailed mapping of areas of risk, to which sensitive electronic equipment is subjected, has been carried out through the outlining and analyzing of the affected area and of the exposed or vulnerability area. Adding up to the work, a proposal based on a branch and bound algorithm is presented as a means to determine the optimum number of power quality monitors, and the bus where they should be installed to measure voltage sags, in order to ensure that at least one of the meters is sensitized for each of the simulated short-circuits.
137

Análise da robustez e da sensibilidade de sistemas de distribuição para a alocação otimizada de medidores frente às variações de tensão de curta duração / Analysis of the robustness and sensitivity of distribution systems for optimal allocation of monitors in face of Short Duration Voltage Variations

Kempner, Thais Reggina 19 May 2016 (has links)
Como as Variações de Tensão de Curta Duração (VTCDs) estão entre as perturbações mais difíceis de serem monitoradas, uma vez que são ocasionadas por fatores aleatórios e imprevisíveis, a monitoração do Sistema de Distribuição (SD) representa uma providência essencial para a obtenção de informações representativas para a regulamentação de novos indicadores relativos a esses distúrbios. Neste cenário, este trabalho busca garantir a completa observabilidade das VTCDs em SD, quando da incidência de qualquer tipo de curto-circuito, através da alocação ótima de medidores. Para a determinação da magnitude da tensão em cada nó do SD é utilizado o método das posições de falta, denotando assim, a influência e a propagação das VTCDs sobre a rede como um todo. Na sequência, é determinada uma matriz binária resultante que observa os afundamentos de tensão de forma simultânea para todos os tipos de faltas. Posteriormente, é proposta a redução desta matriz para diminuir o esforço computacional em SDs de grande porte. Ainda, é analisada a vulnerabilidade de cada nó do SD para estabelecer a sua posterior ponderação no processo de otimização. Os resultados revelam que a metodologia de alocação apresentada torna o processo de obtenção da solução ótima ágil e direto, pois menos execuções computacionais são necessárias para obter diferentes soluções ótimas e garantir a monitoração dos afundamentos de tensão para todos os tipos de curtos-circuitos. Além disso, pela metodologia, tem-se também a prioridade de instalação dos medidores conforme a maior observabilidade dos afundamentos de tensão, possibilitando a escolha do melhor arranjo de medidores que atenda aos limites orçamentários das distribuidoras de energia. / Short Duration Voltage Variations (SDVVs) are among the most difficult disturbances to be monitored, since they are caused by random and unpredictable factors. Hence, the Distribution System (DS) monitoring is an essential step for obtaining representative information for the regulation of new power quality indices for these disturbances. In this scenario, this work aims to ensure the entire observability of SDVVs, considering any short circuit occurrence in the DS, based on algorithm to achieve the monitors\' optimal allocation. In order to determine the voltage magnitude at each node, the fault positions method is used, showing the influence and propagation of SDVVs on the DS. Subsequently, a resulting binary matrix is determined. This matrix observes the voltage sags, simultaneously, for all fault types. Then, the downsizing of this matrix is proposed in order to reduce the computational effort in large DSs. Furthermore, the vulnerability of each DS node is analyzed to establish the relative weighting in the optimization process. The results show a faster and more direct allocation methodology to obtain the optimal solution, because fewer computational executions are needed for different optimal solutions and to ensure the voltage sags monitoring for all short circuits types. Moreover, the power quality monitor installation priority is performed according to the higher observability of the voltage sags, making it possible to choose the best arrangement of monitors that meets the budget constraints of the power utilities.
138

Determinação do conteúdo harmônico de corrente baseada em redes neurais artificiais para cargas não-lineares monofásicas / Determination of the current harmonic content based on artificial neural networks for single-phase non-linear loads

Nascimento, Claudionor Francisco do 10 July 2007 (has links)
Este trabalho apresenta um método utilizando redes neurais artificiais para a determinação das amplitudes e fases dos componentes harmônicos presentes na corrente de carga monofásica. O número de harmônicos identificados é previamente selecionado. Os hamônicos identificados estão presentes na corrente de cargas não-lineares de um sistema de iluminação onde é considerada a variação no tempo das características da forma de onda desta corrente. Os harmônicos presentes no sistema degradam a qualidade de energia, sendo assim é apresentado um breve estudo sobre este tema e métodos para atenuar a distorção harmônica no sistema. Dentre estes métodos é dado ênfase na aplicação de filtros ativos de potência em paralelo com carga não-linear. O trabalho também apresenta um estudo sobre os mais comumente métodos utilizados na identificação harmônica. Dentre eles está o método baseado em redes neurais artificiais. Este método é validado com base nos dados levantados por meio de simulação e de forma experimental. / In this thesis artificial neural networks are employed in a novel approach to identifying harmonic components of the single-phase nonlinear load current, whose amplitudes and phase angles are subject to unpredictable changes in steady-state. An identified harmonics number is previously selected. These harmonics are present in the non-linear loads current of electrical illumination system. The harmonics in the power system degrade the power quality, then is exhibited a concise study dealing with power quality problems and methods to mitigate the harmonic distortion in the power system. Among these methods emphasis is given in the application of pure active power filters in parallel with the non-linear load. The thesis also shows a study about the more commonly methods used in the harmonic detection. Among them is the method based on artificial neural networks. Simulation and experimental results are presented to validate the proposed approach.
139

A robustez de um sistema de distribuição e a alocação de medidores de qualidade da energia elétrica frente aos afundamentos de tensão / The robustness of a distribution system and an allocation of power quality monitors in the face of the voltage sags

Thais Reggina Kempner 23 March 2012 (has links)
Esta dissertação tem como objetivo inicial reapresentar e difundir o Método das Posições de Falta (MPF) como um meio analítico para se determinar as tensões remanescentes, em todas as barras constituintes de um Sistema de Distribuição (SD), quando da ocorrência de afundamentos de tensão. Pela aplicação de tal método, é possível construir a Matriz de Tensão Durante a Falta (MTDF), denotando assim, a influência e a propagação dos afundamentos de tensão sobre toda a rede. A fim de validar o MPF, será realizada uma comparação dos resultados obtidos com os provenientes de simulações computacionais dispondo do software ATP (Alternative Transients Program). Desta comparação, ilustra-se que a ferramenta indicada mantém a previsão dos resultados em limites aceitáveis, mesmo considerando certa simplificação nos procedimentos de cálculo e na modelagem computacional dos componentes do sistema. A partir dos resultados encontrados, é realizado um mapeamento das áreas de risco que equipamentos eletroeletrônicos sensíveis estarão submetidos, através da delimitação e análise da área afetada e da área exposta ou de vulnerabilidade. Em complementação ao trabalho, é apresentada uma proposta baseada em um algoritmo branch and bound que determinará o número ótimo de medidores de qualidade de energia, bem como as barras onde os mesmos devam ser instalados para monitorar os afundamentos de tensão, com o objetivo de garantir que ao menos um dos medidores seja sensibilizado para cada um dos curtos-circuitos simulados. / This dissertation aims to initially reintroduce and spread the Fault Positions Method (FPM) as an analytic means to determine the remaining voltage in all bus bar constituents of a Distribution System (DS), upon the occurrence of voltage sags. By applying this method, it is possible to formulate the during fault voltage matrix, thus denoting the influence and propagation of voltage sags around the network as a whole. In order to legitimate the FPM, the results obtained are compared to those from computer simulations by use of the ATP (Alternative Transients Program) software. This comparison demonstrates that the tool has maintained the predicted results within acceptable limits, even though some simplification in the procedure for calculating and computer modeling of the system components. Based on such results, a detailed mapping of areas of risk, to which sensitive electronic equipment is subjected, has been carried out through the outlining and analyzing of the affected area and of the exposed or vulnerability area. Adding up to the work, a proposal based on a branch and bound algorithm is presented as a means to determine the optimum number of power quality monitors, and the bus where they should be installed to measure voltage sags, in order to ensure that at least one of the meters is sensitized for each of the simulated short-circuits.
140

Análise da robustez e da sensibilidade de sistemas de distribuição para a alocação otimizada de medidores frente às variações de tensão de curta duração / Analysis of the robustness and sensitivity of distribution systems for optimal allocation of monitors in face of Short Duration Voltage Variations

Thais Reggina Kempner 19 May 2016 (has links)
Como as Variações de Tensão de Curta Duração (VTCDs) estão entre as perturbações mais difíceis de serem monitoradas, uma vez que são ocasionadas por fatores aleatórios e imprevisíveis, a monitoração do Sistema de Distribuição (SD) representa uma providência essencial para a obtenção de informações representativas para a regulamentação de novos indicadores relativos a esses distúrbios. Neste cenário, este trabalho busca garantir a completa observabilidade das VTCDs em SD, quando da incidência de qualquer tipo de curto-circuito, através da alocação ótima de medidores. Para a determinação da magnitude da tensão em cada nó do SD é utilizado o método das posições de falta, denotando assim, a influência e a propagação das VTCDs sobre a rede como um todo. Na sequência, é determinada uma matriz binária resultante que observa os afundamentos de tensão de forma simultânea para todos os tipos de faltas. Posteriormente, é proposta a redução desta matriz para diminuir o esforço computacional em SDs de grande porte. Ainda, é analisada a vulnerabilidade de cada nó do SD para estabelecer a sua posterior ponderação no processo de otimização. Os resultados revelam que a metodologia de alocação apresentada torna o processo de obtenção da solução ótima ágil e direto, pois menos execuções computacionais são necessárias para obter diferentes soluções ótimas e garantir a monitoração dos afundamentos de tensão para todos os tipos de curtos-circuitos. Além disso, pela metodologia, tem-se também a prioridade de instalação dos medidores conforme a maior observabilidade dos afundamentos de tensão, possibilitando a escolha do melhor arranjo de medidores que atenda aos limites orçamentários das distribuidoras de energia. / Short Duration Voltage Variations (SDVVs) are among the most difficult disturbances to be monitored, since they are caused by random and unpredictable factors. Hence, the Distribution System (DS) monitoring is an essential step for obtaining representative information for the regulation of new power quality indices for these disturbances. In this scenario, this work aims to ensure the entire observability of SDVVs, considering any short circuit occurrence in the DS, based on algorithm to achieve the monitors\' optimal allocation. In order to determine the voltage magnitude at each node, the fault positions method is used, showing the influence and propagation of SDVVs on the DS. Subsequently, a resulting binary matrix is determined. This matrix observes the voltage sags, simultaneously, for all fault types. Then, the downsizing of this matrix is proposed in order to reduce the computational effort in large DSs. Furthermore, the vulnerability of each DS node is analyzed to establish the relative weighting in the optimization process. The results show a faster and more direct allocation methodology to obtain the optimal solution, because fewer computational executions are needed for different optimal solutions and to ensure the voltage sags monitoring for all short circuits types. Moreover, the power quality monitor installation priority is performed according to the higher observability of the voltage sags, making it possible to choose the best arrangement of monitors that meets the budget constraints of the power utilities.

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