Orientador: Kleber Tomas de Resende / Banca: Izabelle Auxiliadora Molina de Almeida Texeira / Banca: Jane Maria Bertocco Ezequiel / Banca: Iraides Ferreira Furusho Garcia / Banca: Antonello Cannas / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da restrição alimentar, tipo e a fase de gestação de cabras nas alterações que ocorrem no corpo materno e na dinâmica do desenvolvimento do útero gravídeo e da glândula mamária. Foram realizados dois experimentos, em que o primeiro, foi conduzido em delineamento interiamente casualizado com esquema fatorial (3x2x2), sendo três idades gestacionais (80; 110 e 140), duas raças (Saanen e Alpina) e dois tipos de gestação (simples e dupla); e o segundo experimento foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 3x3x2 sendo três níveis de restrição alimentar (0, 20 e 40 %), três dias de gestação (80; 110 e 140) e duas raças (Saanen e Alpina). Aos 80; 110 e 140 dias de gestação, as cabras foram abatidas. Após o abate, foi removida a glândula mamária e o útero gravídeo. Os componentes do útero grávido (útero vazio, placenta, placentomas, liquído placentário e fetos) foram separados e pesados. Nos fetos foram realizadas medidas biométricas e identificação do sexo. O corpo das fêmeas gestantes foi pesado separado em carcaça, orgãos, trato digestório, gordura intracavitária e sangue. Individualmente os fetos das cabras da raça Alpina foram mais pesados (P<0,05). Os pesos individuais dos fetos de gestação simples foram superiores aos de gestação gemelar, no entanto os pesos e as deposições de nutrientes nos componentes do útero gravídeo foram maiores para as cabras de gestação gemelar (P<0,05). A restrição alimentar não interferiu no desenvolvimento do útero gravídeo e da glândula mamária (P>0,05). Os pesos e as deposições de nutrientes nos fetos e no útero gravídeo aumentaram exponencialmente ao longo da gestação, porém na glândula este aumentou foi de forma linear (P<0,05). O peso dos depósitos de gorduras, da carcaça... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of nutritional management, type and stage of gestation of goats on changes that occur in the maternal body and in the dynamics of the development of gravid uterus and mammary gland. Two experiments were conducted, being the first a factorial design, with three days of gestation (80, 110 and 140), two breeds (Saanen and Alpine) and two types of pregnancy (single and double), and second experiment was in randomized blocks with factorial 3x3x2, being three nutritional levels (0, 20 and 40% restriction), three days of gestation (80, 110 and 140) and two breeds (Saanen and Alpine). At 80, 110 and 140 days of gestation, the goats were slaughtered. After slaughter, both mammary gland and pregnant uterus were removed. The components of the pregnant uterus were separated and weighed. Biometric measures and the identification of the sex were made in the fetuses. The body of the pregnant females were separated weighed into carcass, external components, digestive tract, fat intracavitary and blood. The individual weights of fetuses of Alpine goats were heavier (P<0.05). The individual weights of fetuses of simple gestation were superior to twin gestation, however, the weights and the deposition of nutrients in the pregnant uteru's components were higher for the goats of twin pregnancy (P<0.05). Nutritional restriction did not affect the growth of the gravid uterus and mammary gland (P>0.05). Weights and nutrients deposition in fetus and pregnant uteru's exponentially increased throught the gestation, but in this gland was increased linearly (P<0.05).The weight of the carcass, fat and stomach of the goats were reduced in late pregnancy (P<0.05). Goats of twin gestation should receive a higher nutrient intake than goats of single pregnancy / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:19Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 portocarrerosanchez_c_me_botfm.pdf: 410152 bytes, checksum: 7c21ba36fbce5cc498fe42900b430f52 (MD5) / Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (FEPECS) / A taxa de sucesso de ovulação com uso do citrato de clomifene é excelente, alcançando valores entre 80% e 85%, porém a taxa de gravidez é de apenas 20% a 40%. Quando o citrato de clomifene é usado como indutor de ovulação, em mulheres portadoras de síndrome dos ovários policísticos, a literatura não define qual o momento ideal de ruptura folicular que se correlaciona com sucesso de gravidez. Identificar o diâmetro de ruptura folicular de pacientes com síndrome de ovários policísticos (SOP) estimuladas com citrato de clomifeno que melhor se correlacione com ocorrência de gravidez. Estudo corte transversal realizado entre janeiro a dezembro de 2010, que incluiu 104 pacientes com ciclos ovulatórios após uso de citrato de clomifeno, acompanhadas com ultrassonografia até determinar-se o diâmetro de ruptura folicular, que foi posteriormente correlacionado com a ocorrência ou não de gravidez. Para o estudo da associação entre as variáveis aplicou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e para as variáveis quantitativas a análise de variância seguida do método de Tukey ou teste t de Student, com valor de p <0,05. No grupo de pacientes com ruptura folicular com menos de 25 mm (n: 54) a taxa de gravidez foi de 35,2% e no grupo com ruptura folicular com mais de 25 mm (50) essa taxa foi de 34%, sem diferencia estatística significativa. Quando relacionamos aleatoriamente os diferentes diâmetros de ruptura folicular com a ocorrência de gravidez também não houve diferença significativa. O presente estudo permitiu concluir que, a taxa de gravidez de mulheres portadoras de síndrome dos ovários policísticos estimuladas com citrato de clomifene, não tem correlação com o diâmetro de ruptura folicular / The success rate of ovulation using clomiphene citrate is excellent, reaching values between 80% and 85%, but the pregnancy rate is only 20% to 40%. When clomiphene citrate is used to induce ovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the literature does not define what the optimal timing of follicular rupture that correlates with successful pregnancy is. To identify the diameter of follicular rupture in patients with PCOS stimulated with clomiphene citrate that best correlates with the occurrence of pregnancy. Cross-sectional study conducted between January and December 2010, which included 104 patients with ovulatory cycles after the use of clomiphene citrate, followed by ultrasound to determine the diameter of follicular rupture, which was later correlated with the occurrence of pregnancy or not. To the study of the association between variables the chi-square test for quantitative variables and the analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s method or Student’s t test, with p <0.05 was applied. In patients with follicular rupture less than 25mm (n = 54) the pregnancy rate was 35.2%, in the group with follicular rupture with more than 25mm (50) this rate was 34%, no statistically significant difference was found. When relating the different diameters of randomly follicular rupture with the occurrence of pregnancy there was no significant difference. This study concluded that the pregnancy rate of women with PCOS stimulated with clomiphene citrate does not correlate with the diameter of follicular rupture

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:20:21Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 akl_ld_me_botfm.pdf: 1320418 bytes, checksum: b218f66903a6b88bbbc8c40a7875a1fd (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Although motile sperm organelle morphology examination (MSOME) was developed only as a selection criterion, its application as a method for classifying sperm morphology may represent an improvement in the evaluation of semen quality. This study aimed to determine the prognostic value of normal sperm morphology by MSOME regarding clinical pregnancy (CP) after intrauterine insemination (IUI). A total of 156 IUI cycles performed in 111 couples were prospectively analyzed. All subjects received 75IU recombinant FSH every other day from the third day of the cycle. On the 10th day of the cycle, follicular development started to be monitored by vaginal ultrasound. When one or two follicles measuring ≥17mm were observed, recombinant hCG was administered and IUI was performed 12-14h and 36-40h after hCG. Before the IUI procedure, sperm samples were analyzed according to MSOME at 8400x magnification with an inverted microscope equipped with DIC/Nomarski differential interference contrast optics. At least 200 motile spermatozoa per semen sample were evaluated and percentages of normal spermatozoa were determined. Pregnancy occurred in 34 IUI cycles (CP rate per cycle: 21.8%, per patient: 30.6%). A statistically significant higher incidence of normal spermatozoa according to the MSOME criterion was found in the group of men in which IUI cycles resulted in pregnancy (2.6±3.1%) compared to the group that did not achieve pregnancy (1.2±1.7%; P=0.019). Logistic regression showed that the percentage of normal cells in the MSOME was determinant for the likelihood of clinical pregnancy (OR: 1.28; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.51; P=0.003). The ROC curve showed an area under the curve of 0.63 and an optimum cut-off point of 2% of normal sperm form. At this cut-off level, the ability of the percentage of sperm normal form by MSOME to predict pregnancy present 50% sensitivity, 40% positive predictive value, 79%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:52Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-08-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:44Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moura_mdr_me_botfm.pdf: 476585 bytes, checksum: 619c85e4fc295e56f3b00ad14f5ccdbe (MD5) / Fundação de Ensino e Pesquisa em Ciências da Saúde (FEPECS) / Os dados do Ministério da Saúde mostram a hipertensão na gestação como a maior causa de morte materna no Brasil sendo assinalada também como a maior causa de óbito fetal ou do recém-nascido. Esses alarmantes dados nacionais mostram a importância do conhecimento desta patologia gestacional tanto para obstetras como neonatologistas. Dentre as síndromes hipertensivas gestacionais, especial atenção deve ser dada à pré-eclâmpsia ou doença hipertensiva específica da gravidez que ocorre como forma isolada ou associada à hipertensão arterial crônica, pois esta está ligada aos piores resultados maternos e perinatais. O adequado controle pré-natal com seguimento rigoroso da gestante é a única forma de reduzir a mortalidade materna e perinatal. O uso de recurso de imagem como a dopplervelocimetria permite ao examinador diagnosticar insuficiência placentária e avaliar as condições circulatórias materno-fetal de forma segura e não invasiva. A decisão pela antecipação do nascimento nestas circunstâncias nem sempre é uma proposta segura. A equipe médica e familiares devem estar ciente dos riscos que um recém nascido além de prematuro, apresenta na maioria das vezes grave restrição do crescimento intrauterino. A UTI Neonatal deve estar preparada para oferecer cuidado intensivo e multiprofissional que permita diagnóstico e tratamento das mais variadas complicações, bem como a disponibilidade de recursos tecnológicos avançados são fundamentais para a melhoria dos resultados neonatais, tanto na sobrevivência, como na qualidade de vida / Data from the Ministry of Health showed that hypertension in pregnancy as a major cause of maternal death in Brazil is also noted as a major cause of stillbirth or newborns death.These alarming national data show the importance of knowledge of this gestation pathology to obstetricians and neonatologists. Among the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy special attention should be given to pre-eclampsia this hypertensive disorders of pregnancy can occurs as isolated or associated with chronic hypertension, can cause the worse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Only with a adequate prenatal and a close maternal follow up it is the only way to reduce maternal and perinatal mortality. The use of image resource as the dopplervelocimetria allows the examiner to diagnose and assess the placental maternal-fetal circulatory conditions safely and noninvasively. The decision to anticipation of the birth in these circumstances is not always a safe proposal. Medical staff and family members should be aware of the risks of a premature newborn that often presents severe intrauterine growth restriction. The NICU should be prepared to offer intensive care and multidisciplinary staff prepare to diagnosis and treatment of various complications, as well as the availability of advanced technological resources are critical to the improvement of neonatal outcomes no only in survival but in quality of life too

No description available.

abstract: The trained singer utilizes an awareness of her body as an instrument. When she becomes pregnant, her body changes in numerous ways to support the pregnancy. Many of these changes have great impact on her ability to sing during the pregnancy and postpartum periods. The voice may be altered positively or negatively by the release of hormones. The body undergoes many changes that affect the posture and breathing required for singing. Most notably, the abdominal muscles are greatly impacted by the pregnancy. They are stretched by the growing uterus, and this affects their function. In addition, the linea alba (the connective tissue between the halves of the rectus abdominis) is softened by hormonal increases and subject to stretching as the uterus grows, predisposing it to weakness. Since the other abdominal muscles attach to the linea alba via connective tissue, maintaining the integrity of the linea alba during pregnancy and postpartum is vital to the operational function of the abdominal muscles. Protecting the vulnerable linea alba must be deliberately undertaken in two parts. First, conscious exercise is needed to preserve the linea alba during pregnancy and to rehabilitate it after pregnancy. Targeted exercises strengthen the transverse abdominis and shorten and approximate the two halves of the rectus abdominis. Second, modifications in daily movement are necessary to protect the linea alba while performing routine activities. Cesarean sections present additional surgical concerns for singers, including abdominal incisions, use of medication, and the rare need for general anesthesia via intubation. Recovery from a cesarean can be difficult due to abdominal pain, yet steps may be taken to speed healing at the hospital and at home. This paper provides an overview of how pregnancy affects the singer, discusses the effects of pregnancy and cesarean section, and provides a plan to protect the abdominal muscles during pregnancy and rehabilitate them in the postpartum period. It combines information from the fields of physical therapy, medicine, and surgery into a guide for the singer and voice teacher. / Dissertation/Thesis / D.M.A. Music 2013

Orientador: Maria Cristina Cintra Gomes Marcondes / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T23:17:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Drezza_AngelaLuzia_M.pdf: 45412631 bytes, checksum: ce1384b3632e83597242baa2d9c4670b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: A gravidez gera modificações no organismo materno para a implantação do blastocisto, que são provocadas por hormônios como estradiol e progesterona. O tempo e curso de gravidez dependem da unidade materno / fetal, a placenta, que é o órgão responsável pela trocas entre mãe e feto, além de secretar vários hormônios, dentre eles prolactina, estrógenos e progesterona. Quando a gravidez encontra-se associada ao desenvolvimento tumoral, situação de intensa multiplicação celular, podem ocorrer disfunções no desenvolvimento embrionário. Os hormônios sexuais e a prolactina têm suas concentrações alteradas durante a gravidez, para que a mesma transcorra corretamente e, além disso, esses hormônios podem interagir com células do sistema imune. A ação do desenvolvimento tumoral, por sua vez, também é responsável pela elevação, ainda maior, na quantidade de citocinas presentes no organismo. Dessa forma, no presente trabalho, avaliou-se a influência do câncer na regulação dos hormônios necessários à gravidez, bem como no desenvolvimento placentário, uma vez que citocinas presentes no líquido ascítico de animais portadores do carcinossarcoma de Walker 256 afetariam o curso normal da prenhez em ratas. Este trabalho foi realizado através da análise de 3 grupos experimentais (ratas prenhes controle, portadoras de tumor ou inoculadas com liquido ascítico), em relação a aspectos de morfometria placentária, concentrações hormonais (estrógeno, progesterona e prolactina), imunohistoquímica e expressão protéica para os receptores placentários de estrógeno e progesterona, além dos processos de síntese e degradação protéica e biossíntese dos hormônios placentários. Através da análise dos animais inoculados diariamente com líquido ascítico, pudemos comprovar que os fatores presentes no liquido ascitico seriam, então, os maiores responsáveis pela alteração anormal de alguns hormônios durante a gravidez. Neste grupo, verificamos desbalanço hormonal semelhante ao observado no grupo Tumor e, além disso, quando comparado ao grupo Controle, apresentava fetos com peso reduzido, alterações morfológícas, de síntese e alterações na expressão de receptores de estrógeno e progesterona. Como os animais inoculados diariamente com líquido ascítico não eram hospedeiros tumorais e, portanto, não sofriam competição nutricional entre feto e as células tumorais, pudemos observar a ação de efeitos diretos ou indiretos dos fatores produzidos pelo tecido hospedeiro e/ou células tumorais, causando redução do número de células trofoblásticas gigantes e das camadas decidual e labirinto-trofoblastica, além de menor expressão protéica dos receptores de estrógeno e progesterona placentário, como redução do peso fetal. Portanto, concluímos que moléculas efetoras provenientes do sistema imunológico hospedeiro ou produzidas pelas células tumorais são capazes de alterar o curso normal da gravidez, trazendo prejuízos ao desenvolvimento placentário e, por conseguinte, fetal. / Abstract: Pregnancy causes several modifications in the maternal organism for the blastocistic implantation that are made by hormonal action, as oestradiol and progesterone. The pregnancy progress depends on the placenta, maternal / foetal unit, which exchanges nutrients, gas and substances between mother and foetus, and can produce a variety of hormones, like prolactin, oestrogen and progesterone. The association between pregnancy and tumoral growth, two situations that involve intense cell multiplication, can be extremely harmful for the foetus development. Sex hormones and prolactin have their concentrations modified during normal gestational progress and can also interact and modulate many physiological functions, as well as immune cells. In turn, tumour growth can raise body cytokines that may influence the hormones necessary to pregnancy and placenta development. In this work we analyzed 3 experimental groups (Control - pregnant rats without tumour, Tumour - pregnant tumour-bearing rats and Ascitic - pregnant rats inoculated with ascitic fluid daily) evaluating the placental morphometry, serum hormonal concentration (oestrogen, progesterone and prolactin), immunohistochemistry, protein expression of the placental oestrogen and progesterone receptors, and also measurements of ín vítro assays of protein synthesis and degradation and placenta's hormonal biosynthesis. Tumour group animais presented, when compared to the Control group, low foetus weight, molecular and morphological placenta alterations and abnormal pregnancy hormone variation (decrease in progesterone levels and increase in prolactin and oestrogen content). Animais of the ascitic fluid group also showed similar abnormal variation of these hormones in the pregnancy as observed in thé Tumour group, indicating that some factors contained in the ascitic fluid could be the greatest responsible for these alterations. Moreover, when compared to the Control group, the ascitic fluid group also presented low foetus weight and molecular and morphological placenta alterations. Since the ascitic fluid group was not tumour host and, therefore, have no nutritional competition between foetus and tumoral cells, the results allowed to observe the direct and/or indirect effects of the factors produced by the host tissue or tumoral cells. These effects included reduction of trophoblastic giants cells and decidual and trophoblastic layers, less placental and foetal oestrogen and progesterone receptor protein expression and reduced foetal weight. We concluded that humoral effectors from hosts immune system or produced by the tumour cells are able to cause pathological conditions and, during pregnancy, can also cause damages to the placental and foetal development. / Mestrado / Fisiologia / Mestre em Biologia Funcional e Molecular

D.Ed. / The primary theme of this study is the accompanying of the adolescent girl after a termination of pregnancy. A termination of pregnancy is traumatic for any woman, even more so for the adolescent girl who does not necessarily possess the required coping mechanisms to deal with the emotional load that a termination brings with it. Often this girl undergoes a termination in secret, and as a result of the secrecy she does not have any support system. She chooses to keep the termination a secret and therefore she cannot share her fears, heartache, regret, guilt and shame. The relationship in which she was, usually breaks up as a result of the termination, and even that support disappears from her life. She stands alone. She has unanswered questions. She yearns to cry and share her secret - but with whom? After the termination her relationship with herself and with others is poor, and therefore she isolates herself. She does not want to allow herself to have a future, and therefore urgently needs to be guided out of her feelings of hopelessness so that she can dream again, and see a future for herself. The adolescent girl must be led to self-insight, self-awareness and insight into her situation. She must be led to self-assertiveness, empowerment and eventually mental well being. These girls are usually without direction in their lives and caught up in a web of distorted ideas and dysfunctional relationships: her relationship with herself and with others. Her future perspective is also affected. To underpin this situation, I undertook the study and developed a psychosocial programme to support this girl after termination, to assist her to achieve her full potential, as God would wish. The aim of this programme is thus, in co-operation with this adolescent girl, to lead her to mental well being and a new perspective on her future. She must be assured that there is life after a termination of pregnancy. This is done through questioning, listening, discussing, reformulating and reconstructing her circumstances. A person never completes your life's story, but nothing prevents you from reformulating your future, irrespective of what happened in your past. The framework of the programme is compiled from the results of a literature study of published research. This programme was implemented and evaluated on the basis of three interpersonal conversations held with ladies who had undergone termination of pregnancy. Certain needs were identified by these ladies and used as guideline to develop a psycho-social programme to support and lead girls after a termination of a pregnancy. The contribution of this study is in the conceptual framework and programme. The programme has been evaluated in a pilot study.

Homoeopathy is a system of medicine used in obstetric prescribing to reduce the minor common complications of pregnancy (Cure, 1999). One such complication is haemorrhoids. Haemorrhoids are varicosities of the haemorrhoidal plexus in the rectum, and are often complicated by inflammation, thrombosis and haemorrhage (Beers & Berkow, 1999). The aim of the study was to determine the effect of homoeopathic similimum treatment on haemorrhoids in pregnant women. This was a quantitative, interventive and descriptive study spanning one month. The research method used homoeopathic similimum treatment and a participant administered questionnaire in a panel longitudinal, in-depth case study. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select 12 primigravida or multigravida pregnant females, aged 18-35, from the 12th to 35th week of gestation, presenting with haemorrhoids, who met the inclusion criteria. The sample was obtained by advertisements placed in antenatal classes, private clinics and pharmacies; and by pamphlets handed out at Baby City shops and baby expositions to pregnant women; and referrals from health care providers. The similimum medicine was selected after an initial consultation and physical examination. The symptoms of the initial consultation were noted on a case taking form. The similimum medicine was prescribed in potency between 5CH and 200CH. Dosage was determined by the laws of similimum prescribing. Questionnaires relating to the patients symptoms were completed by the patient daily during the duration of the study. A follow up consultation and physical examination was conducted at the end of the 2nd week of treatment. As indicated by the symptoms at the follow up consultation, a new similimum was prescribed; the original similimum was continued; or it was decided to wait and watch the action of the medicine in the participant if there were signs of improvement. A final consultation and physical examination was conducted at the end of the 4th week of treatment to document the effectiveness of the treatment. The questionnaire was collected. The symptoms of both follow up consultations were noted on a follow up form. Data obtained from the questionnaires were analysed. An ordinal regression, time 1 vs. time t - 1 analysis, regression using sums and a reliability analysis were performed. The data from the individual consultations were used to write up an in depth case study. Eighty three percent (10/12) of the cases of haemorrhoids in pregnancy improved on homoeopathic similimum treatment. Homoeopathic similimum medicine had a significant effect on decreasing the severity of the pain (p < 0.00) and protrusion (p < 0.00). Besides the improvement to the haemorrhoids, there were also signs of improvement to some of the concomitant symptoms experienced by the participants. In conclusion, homoeopathic similimum treatment within a clinical setting is effective in relieving the symptoms of haemorrhoids in pregnant women. Further research needs to be conducted in order to verify these findings. / Dr. Candice Bodkin Dr. Elizabeth Solomon

This dissertation concerns itself with the task of creating a pastoral model in order to offer care for the young ladies who experience the trauma of rejection and shame when they have fallen pregnant out of wedlock within the church, resulting from the painful suspension. It was motivated from the author’s personal experience of being suspended while pregnant out of wedlock and her understanding that suspension is not meant to shame or hurt anyone. Through Group Therapy, the author used her understanding of Christian hope, and by creating a positive conversation among these young ladies. The focus and hope of this dissertation is to research the problem of suspension, in order to help the clergy and lay leaders in their role as pastoral caregivers. However, this dissertation would have been of no use, if it did not attempt to create a model for caring which will empower lay leaders and the clergy to become pastoral caregivers towards young ladies who fall pregnant out of wedlock. <ul> <li> Firstly, the author will try to clarify the problem faced by the young ladies.</li> <li> Secondly, the author will seek to bring an awareness of this problem to the church through its prophetic voice.</li> <li> Thirdly, the author hopes to create a model of pastoral care that will not only care spiritually for young ladies, but will also meet their emotional needs.</li> </ul> / Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Practical Theology / unrestricted