The thesis deals with the possibilities of developing emergent literacy, especially story comprehension, with preschool children using selected methods of critical thinking. The theoretical part is devoted to the ways of developing passion for reading and reading literacy in preschool education, it pursues the possibilities of using some of the methods of the RWCT programme (Reading and Writing for Critical Thinking) in working with books in the educational process of the kindergarten. It further describes the development of chidren of preschool age and reading strategies that can already be cultivated at this age. The practical part describes the project Working with Jiří Stránský's book Tales for little Clara that is based on didactic application of its texts intended for preschoolers. The project makes use of selected methods of the RWCT programme. Research using the method of structured interview finds out how methods of critical thinking can influence story comprehension among five-year-old children. It evaluates and interprets the findings from the beginning and the end of the project implementation, compares the determined levels of story comprehension in a group of girls and in a group of boys. The outcomes of the research show a considerable improvement of comprehension following the...

The thesis focuses on the issues concerning meeting individual needs of the preschool-aged children in kindergartens. In the theoretical part the attention is paid to defining the term "need" and to the description, analysis and comparison of various theories about fulfilling the children's needs. Next part deals with physical development of a child and its successful education as well. Followingly, there are described the possibilities how to fulfil individual needs of children in a family and in a kindergarten. The final topic in the theoretical part is the description of risks arising from dissatisfying the children's needs. The empiric part is based on the case study. investigative research being realized by the combination of several methods (observation, interview, questionnaire), targeting at finding if the inner conditions in kindergartens cope with RVP PV. The empiric part also followed several children which started attending the kindergarten, their appraisal was done and this was accomplished by planning activities leading to fulfilling their needs and easier adaptation. KEYWORDS preschool child, individual needs of child, family, kindergarten, preschool education, nursery school teacher, adaptation of preschool age children at the beginning of attendance kindergarten

This thesis focuses on the use of information technologies (ICT) in the development of children from families with low socio-economic background, specifically on the use of the Smart application. The theoretical part of the thesis discusses the specificity of the pre-school age from the perspectives of developmental psychology and social pedagogy. These disciplines are used to define the optimal characteristics and competencies necessary for school readiness. Next, specific aspects of school readiness and factors influencing this readiness are discussed. Relatedly, the specificities of upbringing in socially disadvantaged families and their impacts on child development are explored. In the following chapter, information technologies and their effects on child development are thoroughly discussed. The application Smart is then introduced, which is a specific tool designed to support the development of school readiness. The Smart application is then used in the empirical part of the thesis. Finally, at the end of the theoretical part, the diagnostic instrument Isophi is described. This instrument was used to evaluate the children participating in my research. The empirical part of the thesis describes a multiple case study of the development of children from families with low socio-economic...

Объектом исследования явилась тревожность детей старшего дошкольного возраста. Предметом исследования стала сказкотерапия как средство коррекции тревожности дошкольников. Магистерская диссертация состоит из введения, двух глав, заключения, списка литературы (61 источников) и 7 приложений, включающих в себя бланки применявшихся методик, примеры развивающих методик, варианты оформления сенсорной комнаты, программы коррекции. Объем магистерской диссертации 64 страницы, на которых размещены 7 рисунков и 10 таблиц. Во введении раскрывается актуальность проблемы исследования, разработанность проблематики, ставятся цель и задачи исследования, определяются объект и предмет исследования, формулируется гипотеза, указываются методы и эмпирическая база, а также этапы проведения исследования, научная новизна, теоретическая и практическая значимость работы. Первая глава включает в себя обзор иностранной и отечественной литературы по теме метода сказкотерапии и ее терапевтического воздействия. Представлены разделы, посвященные исследованию тревожности детей дошкольного возраста, и ее коррекции методом сказкотерапии. Выводы по первой главе представляют собой итоги по изучению теоретического материала. Вторая глава посвящена эмпирической части исследования. В ней представлено описание организации и методов проведенного исследования и результатов, полученных по всем использованным методикам. В качестве диагностического инструментария были использованы: опросник «Определение уровня тревожности» Г.П. Лаврентьевой, Титаренко, «Тест тревожности» Р. Тэммпл, В. Амен, М. Дорки, проективная методика «Несуществующее животное» М.З. Дукаревич. Также в главе представлена обработка полученных результатов методом математической статистики по критериям: Колмогорова-Смирнова, критерию Вилкоксона, критерию Манна-Уитни. Выводы по главе 2 включают в себя основные результаты эмпирического исследования. В заключении в обобщенном виде изложены результаты теоретической и эмпирической частей работы, а также выводы по выдвинутым гипотезам, обоснована практическая значимость исследования и описаны возможные перспективы дальнейшей разработки данной проблематики. / The object of the study was the anxiety of children of senior preschool age. The subject of the study was fairy tale therapy as a means of correcting the anxiety of preschoolers. The master's thesis consists of instructions, a chapter, a review, a list of references (61 sources) and 7 appendices, including forms of applied procedures, the development of examples of procedures, options for designing a sensory room, two correction programs. The volume of the master's thesis is 64 pages, which contain 7 figures and 10 tables. The introduction reveals the relevance of the research problem, the development of the problem, sets the goal and objectives of the study, defines the object and subject of the study, formulates a hypothesis, indicates the methods and empirical base, as well as the stages of the study, scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the work. The first chapter includes a review of foreign and domestic literature on the theme of the method of fairy tale therapy and its therapeutic effects. Sections devoted to the study of anxiety in preschool children and its correction by fairy tale therapy are presented. The conclusions on the first chapter are the results of the study of theoretical material. The second chapter is devoted to the empirical part of the study. It presents a description of the organization and methods of the study and the results obtained by all methods used. The following were used as diagnostic tools: the questionnaire "Determining the level of anxiety" by G.P. Lavrentieva, Titarenko, "Anxiety test" R. Temple, V. Amen, M. Dorki, projective technique "Non-existent animal" M.Z. Dukarevich. The chapter also presents the processing of the results obtained by the method of mathematical statistics according to the criteria: Kolmogorov-Smirnov, the Wilcoxon criterion, the Mann-Whitney criterion. Chapter 2's conclusions include the main findings of the empirical study. In the conclusion, the results of the theoretical and empirical parts of the work are summarized, as well as conclusions on the hypotheses put forward, the practical significance of the study is substantiated, and possible prospects for further development of this issue are described.