INTRODUÇÃO O consumo de álcool combinado com bebidas energéticas (AmED) tem se mostrado associado tanto a um padrão pesado de ingestão de bebidas alcoólicas, quanto a comportamentos de risco no trânsito (CRTs) entre jovens adultos. Devido ao grave impacto causado pelas incapacidades e mortes no trânsito serem decorrentes de comportamentos previsíveis e em grande parte evitáveis, o presente estudo procura investigar a influência do consumo de AmED sobre os comportamentos de risco no trânsito entre os motoristas de caminhão. MÉTODOS Dados de uma amostra de profissionais que trafegavam pelas rodovias do Estado de São Paulo entre junho de 2012 e setembro de 2013 (N=535) foram separados em três grupos: (a) os que afirmaram ingerir AmED (n=90), (b) que relataram consumir apenas bebidas alcoólicas (n=326) e (c) o restante da amostra (n=445). Análises bivariadas foram realizadas com os relatos positivos nos últimos 12 meses que antecederam a pesquisa. O nível de significância foi estipulado para um alfa de 5% e, posteriormente, a analise múltipla utilizou a regressão logística. RESULTADOS Comparando os condutores que ingeriram AmED com os que consumiram apenas bebidas alcoólicas, os primeiros tiveram mais chances de possuir idades entre 20 e 24 anos (OR=3,3), de trabalhar como profissional a menos de 5 anos (OR=2,5), apresentaram maiores riscos de dirigir sem cinto de segurança (OR=2,2), em alta velocidade (OR=1,9), ter brigado ou discutido no trânsito (OR=2,1), ter consumido bebidas alcoólicas em um padrão pesado (OR=3,4), bebendo mais doses alcoólicas por ocasião (mediana 5 vs 2 doses, p < 0,008); em maior frequência (OR=1,9), bebendo mais frequentemente no padrão binge drinking (OR=2,3) e consumindo drogas ilícitas em maior frequência (OR=2,3), além de maiores chances de apresentar uma qualidade de sono ruim (OR=1,7). Comparados ao restante da amostra, observou-se que os motoristas de caminhão que ingeriram AmED apresentaram maior risco de dirigir sem cinto de segurança (OR=2,2), em alta velocidade (OR=1,9), alcoolizado (OR=2,6), de brigar ou discutir no trânsito (OR=2,0), apresentaram maiores chances de ingerir mais doses alcoólicas por ocasião (medianas 5 vs 2 doses, p < 0,001), beber mais frequentemente (OR=2,6), inclusive no padrão binge drinking (OR=2,1), também em maior frequência em binge drinking (OR=3,2), consumir álcool em um padrão pesado (OR=3,4) e usar drogas ilícitas (OR=2,6). A regressão logística ajustada por idade indicou que os motoristas que brigaram ou discutiram no trânsito (OR=2,2), que dirigiram sem cinto de segurança (OR=1,9) e que relataram o uso de drogas ilícitas nos últimos 12 meses (OR=2,0) tiveram maiores chances de ter ingerido AmED. CONCLUSÃO O estudo indica uma associação entre a ingestão conjunta de álcool com bebidas energéticas e maiores chances de apresentar CRTs. São necessários investimentos em pesquisas e ações preventivas voltadas para essa população / INTRODUCTION: Consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has been shown associated with both a heavy pattern of alcohol intake as well as the traffic risk behaviors (TRB) among young adults. Due to the serious impact caused by disabilities and traffic deaths arising from predictable and largely preventable behaviors, the present study investigates the influence of AmED consumption on traffic risk behaviors among truck drivers. METHODS: Data from a sample of professional driving along the highways of the State of São Paulo (Brazil) between June 2012 and September 2013 (N=535) were divided into three groups: (a) those who reported drinking AmED (n=90), (b) who reported consuming alcohol only (n=326) and (c) the rest of the sample (n=445). Bivariate analyzes were performed with positive reports in the last 12 months preceding the survey. The level of significance was set for an alpha of 5% and, subsequently, it was made a multiple logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Comparing the drivers who drink AmED with those who consumed only alcohol, the first were more likely to have between 20 and 24 years (OR=3.3), to work as a professional less than five years (OR=2.5), had higher risks of driving without a seat belt (OR=2.2), in high speed (OR=1.9), have a fight or discussion in traffic (OR=2.1), having consumed alcohol in a heavy pattern (OR=3.4), drinking more alcoholic drinks per occasion (median 5 vs 2 doses, p < 0.008); at higher frequency (OR=1.9), more often in binge drinking (OR=2.3), consuming illicit drugs more frequently (OR=2.3), as well as more likely to have a bad quality sleep (OR=1.7). Compared to the rest of the sample, it was found that truck drivers who drink AmED had higher risk of driving without a seat belt (OR=2.2), in high speed (OR=1.9), drunk (OR=2 , 6), to fight or discuss in traffic (OR=2.0), were more likely to consume more alcoholic drinks per occasion (median 5 vs 2 doses, p < 0.001), drinking more often (OR=2.6), including in binge drinking (OR=2.1), also in higher frequency in binge drinking (OR=3.2), consuming alcohol in a heavy pattern (OR=3.4) and use illicit drugs (OR=2 6). Logistic regression adjusted for age indicated that drivers who fought or discussed in traffic (OR = 2.2), which drove without a seat belt (OR = 1.9) and that reported using illicit drugs in the last 12 months (OR = 2.0) had higher chances of having ingested AmED. CONCLUSION: This study indicates an association between the combined intake of alcohol with energy drinks and more likely to have TRBs. Investment is needed in research and preventive actions for this population

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-09-27T15:46:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tassianaaparecidahudson.pdf: 3893875 bytes, checksum: b8a5a54d5202310938db36edd15c6a77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-10-16T12:13:35Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 tassianaaparecidahudson.pdf: 3893875 bytes, checksum: b8a5a54d5202310938db36edd15c6a77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-16T12:13:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tassianaaparecidahudson.pdf: 3893875 bytes, checksum: b8a5a54d5202310938db36edd15c6a77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-07-26 / Os Transtornos Alimentares são, de modo geral, perturbações no comportamento alimentar que levam a consequências deletérias à saúde do indivíduo, o que torna imprescindível o desenvolvimento de intervenções preventivas que atuem na redução de seus fatores de risco. Todavia, é escassa a literatura que explore esse tipo de intervenção. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia do programa “O Corpo em Questão” nos fatores de risco para Transtornos Alimentares, em mulheres jovens adultas brasileiras. A intervenção foi realizada por meio de um Ensaio Clínico Controlado e Randomizado. A amostra foi composta por 141 mulheres universitárias, com idade entre 18 e 30 anos, matriculadas nos cursos superiores e técnicos do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Sudeste de Minas Gerais – Campus Barbacena (IF Sudeste MG). As participantes foram aleatorizadas em dois grupos: Grupo Controle (n = 78; idade: M = 21,14 e DP = 2,57) e Grupo Intervenção (n = 63; idade: M = 20,33 e DP = 1,76). A intervenção consistiu em uma sessão semanal de 60 minutos, durante 4 semanas consecutivas, em grupos fixos de 5 a 8 participantes. Os instrumentos utilizados foram questionários e escalas autoaplicadas, que avaliaram a insatisfação corporal das estudantes, a influência da mídia, dos pais e amigos na Imagem Corporal, a internalização do ideal de magreza, os sintomas para Transtornos Alimentares, a apreciação corporal, os sintomas depressivos e a autoestima. Os questionários foram aplicados em momentos diferentes: antes de começar a intervenção, imediatamente após o fim da intervenção e no seguimento de 1 mês e 6 meses. Para a análise estatística deste estudo foi realizada a ANOVA para medidas repetidas com efeitos mistos para verificar se o Grupo Intervenção obteve reduções significantemente maiores que o Grupo Controle nas variáveis avaliadas em relação à linha de base. Foram feitas análises separadas para cada variável, considerando a relação entre sujeitos (controle × intervenção) e em 4 níveis (pré, pós-teste, seguimento de um mês e seis meses). Para verificar a interação Grupo × Tempo significantes, foram realizados os testes de seguimento, através da ANOVA de medidas repetidas, adotando-se 4 níveis para o Grupo Intervenção e Grupo Controle. A ANOVA de um fator foi utilizada somente nos casos em que houve diferença entre o Grupo Intervenção e o Grupo Controle nos 4 momentos. Os resultados indicaram diferenças significantes entre o grupo submetido à intervenção e controle, na insatisfação corporal, influência sociocultural da mídia, internalização do ideal de magreza, atitudes alimentares inadequadas, sintomas depressivos e um aumento da autoestima das mulheres submetidas à intervenção. Os efeitos da intervenção nas variáveis que apresentaram interação Grupo × Tempo significante variaram de r = 0,17 a 0,33, indicando a eficácia do programa na população de mulheres jovens. Concluiu-se que a intervenção “O Corpo em Questão” é um programa válido para prevenir diversos fatores de risco para Transtornos Alimentares em mulheres jovens brasileiras. / Eating disorders are disturbances in the alimentary behavior that lead to deleterious consequences to the individual´s health. Preventive intervention development to reduce risk factors is, therefore, needed. Aiming at to bridge this gap on intervention research in the national literature, the present study evaluates the efficacy of the program, "The Body in Question", upon risk factors for Eating Disorders in Brazilian young adult women. The intervention was performed through a Controlled and Randomized Clinical Trial. The sample comprised 141 university women, aged between 18 and 30 years, enrolled in the graduated and technical courses of the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of the Southeast of Minas Gerais – Campus Barbacena (IF Sudeste MG). The participants were randomized into two groups: Control Group (n = 78; age: M = 21,14 e SD = 2,57) and Intervention Group (n = 63; age: M = 20,33 e SD = 1,76). The intervention consisted of a weekly session of 60 minutes, for 4 consecutive weeks, in fixed groups of 5 to 8 participants. The instruments used were self-administered questionnaires and scales, which assessed the students' body dissatisfaction, the influence of the media, parents and friends in Body Image, the internalization of the thinness ideal, symptoms for Eating Disorders, body appreciation, depressive symptoms and self-esteem. The questionnaires were applied at different times: before starting the intervention, immediately after the end of the intervention and in the follow-up of 1 month and 6 months. The statistical analysis applied ANOVA for repeated measures with mixed effects to verify if the Intervention Group obtained significantly greater reductions than the Control Group in the variables evaluated in relation to the baseline. Separate analyzes were performed for each variable, considering the relationship between subjects (control × intervention) and in 4 levels (pre, post-test, one month and six-month follow-up). To verify the Group × Time significant interaction, the follow-up tests were performed through repeated measures ANOVA, adopting 4 levels for the Intervention Group and Control Group. One-way ANOVA was used only in cases where there was a difference between the Intervention Group and the Control Group in the 4 moments. The results indicated significant differences between the group submitted to intervention and control, body dissatisfaction, socio-cultural influence of the media, internalization of the thinness ideal, inadequate eating attitudes, depressive symptoms and an increase in the self-esteem of the women submitted to the intervention. The effects of the intervention on the variables that presented significant Group × Time interaction ranged from r = 0.17 to 0.33, indicating the efficacy of the program in the population of young women. It was concluded that the intervention "The Body in Question" is a valid program to prevent several risk factors for Eating Disorders in young Brazilian women.

Bakgrund: Vuxna rekommenderas vara fysiskt aktiva 150 min/vecka. Fysioterapeuter och arbetsterapeuter i primärvården arbetar för att främja detta. Digitala verktyg kan öka patienters fysiska aktivitetsnivå. Några digitala verktyg som kan användas är mobila applikationer, webbaserade program och textmeddelanden. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva fysioterapeuters och arbetsterapeuters erfarenheter av att arbeta med att öka fysisk aktivitetsnivå hos patienter inom primärvården samt deras tankar om hur digitala verktyg skulle kunna bidra till att öka patienters fysiska aktivitetsnivå. Metod: En kvalitativ intervjustudie genomfördes med 6 fokusgrupper innehållande fysioterapeuter och arbetsterapeuter. Intervjuerna analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Arbetssätt, Utmaningar och Digitalisering som hjälpmedel var de huvudkategorier som identifierades. Arbetssätt beskriver deltagarnas erfarenheter av att arbeta med att öka fysisk aktivitetsnivå hos patienter. Utmaningar beskriver deltagarnas erfarenheter av vilka utmaningar de möter när det kommer till att öka patienters fysiska aktivitetsnivå. Digitalisering som hjälpmedel beskriver deltagarnas uppfattningar om digitalisering som verktyg för att främja patienters fysiska aktivitetsnivå. Konklusion: Fysioterapeuterna och arbetsterapeuterna beskrev erfarenheter av att främja patienters fysiska aktivitetsnivå; genom rådgivning och användandet av olika stöd och verktyg. De beskrev utmaningar vid hälsofrämjande insatser; tidsbrist, bristande kunskap bland personal och patienter samt bristande digital utveckling. Deltagarna beskrev att digitalisering kan fungera som ett hjälpmedel för att främja patienters fysiska aktivitetsnivå; genom chattfunktioner, digitala träningsprogram och digitala påminnelser. / Background: The recommended duration of physical activity in adults is 150 minutes per week. Physiotherapists and occupational therapists in primary care work in different ways to promote this. Digital devices can be used to promote physical activity. Mobile applications, webpages and text-messages are often used in healthcare. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of physiotherapists and occupational therapists promoting activity levels of patients in primary health care as well as their thoughts on using digital devices to promote physical activity to patients. Method: A qualitative interview study was performed. The study contained six focus groups of physiotherapists and occupational therapists. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main categories where identified: Ways of Working, Challenges and Use of digital devices. Ways of Working describes how the participants experiences the act of promoting physical activity levels in patients. Challenges describe which challenges are encountered by the participants when promoting physical activity of patients. Use of digital devices describes the participants ́ perceptions of digital devices for promoting physical activity levels of patients. Conclusion: The physiotherapists and the occupational therapists described experiences of promoting physical activity levels of patients through counselling and the use of supports and devices. They described several challenges with health promoting activities: lack of time, low digital development, and lack of knowledge among staff and patients. The participants reported that digitalization as an aid that could promote physical activity levels of patients, through messaging software, digital fitness programmes and digital reminders.

El texto completo de este trabajo no está disponible en el Repositorio Académico UPC por restricciones de la casa editorial donde ha sido publicado. / This paper proposes a technological solution using a predictive analysis model to identify and reduce the level of risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) through a wearable device. Our proposal is based on previous models that use the auto-classification algorithm together with the addition of new risk factors, which provide a greater contribution to the results of the presumptive diagnosis of the user who wants to check his level of risk. The purpose is the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by a non-invasive method composed of the phases: (1) Capture and storage of risk factors; (2) Predictive analysis model; (3) Presumptive results and recommendations; and (4) Preventive treatment. The main contribution is in the development of the proposed application. / Revisión por pares

PhD Thesis Abstract: John Michael Quinn V In the 21st century, the prevention of illness, disease and risks to health ushered in public health and medical practice with mixed results. War, hybrid warfare, conflict, complex emergencies and disasters remain significant public health risks and areas of strategic concern; focused epidemiological study in health policy remains elusive. The paradigm shift from major world powers leading global affairs and affecting global health to multiple state and non-state actors vying for power and influence regionally has possibly led to an increase in small scale and low intensity conflict with high morbidity and mortality, including both noncommunicable (NCD) and communicable diseases. The basic research carried out for this PhD project includes: 1) mental health surveys and trauma associated with war; 2) the migration of, and the need for, advanced medical personnel and their services in war and hybrid warfare, including how the negative movement or adverse flow through 'brain drain' of doctors affects disaster; 3) a quantitative study of infectious diseases, health and human security associated with state stability and the mitigation of state failure; 4) a qualitative food security review, the origins of food security and its impact; and 5) the general concepts of...

The master thesis focuses on the topic of primary prevention policy aimed at using of alcohol and tobacco among children and youth. The main goal of the thesis is to to find out how is this policy implemented and to identify the possibilities for improvement and other changes. In the theoretical part of this study the analysis of the strategic primary prevention documents and legislative is presented. Also the problematics of using alcohol and tobacco among children and youth and theory of implementation of public policy is complemented. In the practical part of the study the qualitative research is presented. The research was realised by semi-standardized interviews among 16 representatives of the primary prevention policy - school methodists of prevention, methodists of prevention in pedagogical psychological advice bureau, county school prevention coordinators, representatives of the NGO sector and state administration. The results of the research show that the implementation of the primary prevention policy is not effective. The research shows that the policy has many deficiencies which are demonstrated most in the school environment.

Background: Several selected population-based studies have emphasized the significance of resting heart rate as an independent cardiovascular risk factor. However, there are no data available for using resting heart rate as a cardiovascular risk predictor in contemporary primary care. Thus, the aim of our analysis was to examine the clinical value of the measurement of resting heart rate in a large, unselected population-based cohort of primary care subjects under the conditions of contemporary primary prevention. Design: Prospective, population-based cohort study. Methods: We examined a subgroup of 5320 unselected primary care subjects free of coronary artery disease from the nationwide, longitudinal Diabetes Cardiovascular Risk Evaluation Targets and Essential Data for Commitment of Treatment (DETECT) cohort study, which was conducted from 2003 to 2008. Results: During the follow-up time of 5 years, 258 events were reported. Elevated resting heart rate was not associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular events (HR = 0.75, p = 0.394), cardiovascular mortality (HR = 0.71, p = 0.616) or major cardiovascular events (HR = 0.77, p = 0.376). By cross-sectional analysis, elevated heart rate clustered with markers of the metabolic syndrome, like increased blood pressure (systolic: OR = 5.54, p < 0.0001; diastolic: OR = 3.82, p < 0.0001), elevated fasting plasma glucose levels (OR = 8.84, p < 0.0001), hypertriglyceridaemia (OR = 22.16, p = 0.001), and obesity (body mass index OR = 0.89, p < 0.0001). Assessment of resting heart rate in clinical practice had minimal and non-significant additional prognostic value compared to established cardiovascular risk factors as judged by C statistics (C = 0.001, p = 0.979). Conclusion: The measurement of resting heart rate in the daily routine of primary care does not provide incremental prognostic information for cardiovascular risk stratification.

Background: School prevention programs of risky behavior should be an important part of the education of children and adolescents. The programs are implemented by each school individually according to the elaborated Minimum Preventive Program (MPP) and their mediation and implementation is supervised by the school prevention methodologist (ŠMP). Within the Prague 6 City District, there is close cooperation between ŠMP, the prevention methodologist from the pedagogical- psychological counseling center and the drug coordinator. The aim of this cooperation is to ensure quality of prevention in local schools and in the wider community of the municipality. Objectives: The aim of the study is to map the process of implementation of programs of general school primary prevention of risky behavior in primary schools in the administrative district of Prague 6 in terms of performance of the function of the ŠMP, elaboration of MPP and implementation of preventive programs. Methods: A mixed-method design was used, combining a questionnaire study with ŠMP from the district of Prague 6 with a group discussion with six respondents who participated in the questionnaire study. The questions in the questionnaire are based on questions in the SEPA preventive activity reporting system and on the questionnaire used in...

The thesis is focused on prevention of homophobic bullying that can result from homophobic and hetersosexist attitudes. It is based on action research in two peer groups in 8th grade classes. The empiric part included initial mapping of knowledge of students on various sexual and gender identities and their attitudes towards non-heterosexual people via questionnaires; development and implementation of a primary prevention programme on non-heterosexual identities, heteronormativity hompphobia and homophobic bullying; evaluation of the programme via questionnaires; and final evaluation of changes of attitudes of the target group. The theoretical part covers current knowledge on the main aspects of the research toppic (bullying, homophobic bullying at school environment and peer collectives) and the area of primary prevention of negative phonemena. It is based on concepts of homophobia, heterosexism and heteronormativity.

The diploma thesis deals with the definition and explanation of the terms primary prevention, endangered child, social exclusion and the context of social exclusion or endangerment of a child by social exclusion with primary prevention. Component part of the work is a detection tool that can help kindergarten teachers in evaluating the child and his situation, so that any problems can be detected in time. Areas that the detection tool deals with and how it has been evolved are described here. It also suggests possible procedures for solving problems based on the cooperation of the kindergarten teacher with a special pedagogue. It points out the shortcomings of the current system and suggests possible changes to the system with regard to streamlining the primary prevention of endangering children (in kindergartens). Component part of the diploma thesis is research based on qualitative and quantitative methods, especially interviews and questionnaire surveys, the aim of which was, among other things, to map the primary prevention of threats to children in kindergartens and to map compulsory preschool attendance. Primary prevention of endangering children in kindergartens is not possible, primarily for children with disabilities or at risk of social exclusion, and with regard to this issue it is...