<p>The study looked particularly at the operations of national carriers and governments&lsquo / efforts to sustain the airlines&lsquo / operations. Evidence has shown that many countries struggle to maintain operations of their flag carriers, but few countries are willing to completely leave the airlines in the hands of the private sector because of national pride. On the other hand, many of those airlines that get into private hands fail and end up being closed down or go back into state hands. These airlines are also perceived to be development tools, in particular for tourism development which is a predominant economic activity in many developing countries. For this reason, many states do not favour privatisation, even though the perception is that the airline industry is better handled by private businesses. The main conclusion of the study for Botswana is therefore that neither full state ownership nor full privatisation is the solution to addressing the problem of ailing flag carriers. There is no single solution, but a combination of several. A broader global view of national airline operations clearly shows that approaches adopted by many successful national airlines, in both developed and developing countries, is some form of partial privatisation.</p>

No description available.

En l'espace de deux décennies, la société québécoise est passée du grand silence sur les enjeux environnementaux à une profusion de la parole « verte ». Mais en parler plus, est-ce forcément en parler mieux? Dans une logique de compréhension des problématiques environnementales, les citoyens sont-ils aujourd'hui mieux outillés maintenant que l'environnement se trouve sous toutes les tribunes? Ce mémoire est le résultat d'une volonté de saisir le lien entre les communications médiatiques, l'environnement et l'action. L'apparition et le maintien de rapports compatibles avec l'environnement sont freinés ou favorisés par des facteurs individuels, environnementaux et culturels. Cette recherche s'intéresse à un type d'acteur ayant une influence indirecte sur l'action en environnement en ce qu'il constitue un instrument d'éducation, un médiateur, et un créateur de représentations: les médias de masse. L'eau est au coeur des activités sociales, économiques et politiques du Québec. De plus, l'un des principaux enjeux internationaux du XXIe siècle sera, sans contredit, la gestion de l'eau. Lorsque prise aux mots des médias, quelle représentation de l'eau y retrouve-t-on? Afin de répondre à cette question, cette étude repose sur une analyse de contenu des articles de presse entourant le débat sur la privatisation de l'eau au Québec dans La Presse et le Devoir, pour la décennie 1995 à 2005. Les résultats indiquent que la dimension environnementale de la problématique a été diluée au profit d'une couverture axée sur la controverse politique et économique entourant le litige. En ce qui concerne la valeur éducative de la couverture, celle-ci se caractérise par une teneur événementielle, des articles pauvres en explications, pessimistes, ainsi qu'une représentation des citoyens comme peu utiles. Ainsi, si la Presse et Le Devoir ont été très efficaces afin d'alerter la population face aux dangers d'une privatisation, ceux-ci ne se sont pas présentés comme des outils d'éducation à l'environnement permettant de comprendre le litige. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Analyse de contenu, Culture, Eau, Éducation relative à l'environnement, Facteurs de motivation en action environnementale, Québec, Médias, Privatisation, Représentation.

<p>The study looked particularly at the operations of national carriers and governments&lsquo / efforts to sustain the airlines&lsquo / operations. Evidence has shown that many countries struggle to maintain operations of their flag carriers, but few countries are willing to completely leave the airlines in the hands of the private sector because of national pride. On the other hand, many of those airlines that get into private hands fail and end up being closed down or go back into state hands. These airlines are also perceived to be development tools, in particular for tourism development which is a predominant economic activity in many developing countries. For this reason, many states do not favour privatisation, even though the perception is that the airline industry is better handled by private businesses. The main conclusion of the study for Botswana is therefore that neither full state ownership nor full privatisation is the solution to addressing the problem of ailing flag carriers. There is no single solution, but a combination of several. A broader global view of national airline operations clearly shows that approaches adopted by many successful national airlines, in both developed and developing countries, is some form of partial privatisation.</p>

No description available.

<p>Public-private partnerships to provide services are a relatively new policy initiative in Mexico, and have shown contrasting results. This research has endeavored to analyze the possible determinants behind the failure, or the success, of the choice of a specific mode of service provision. By using contracting literature based on transaction costs, and looking specifically at the case of AGSAL, a joint venture established between Saltillo, a northern Mexican city, and INTERAGBAR, a private investor, for the provision of water, this study showed that characteristics of the transaction at stake. More specifically, it showed that specificity of the investments that support a given transaction, the unanticipated changes in circumstances surrounding an exchange, either from physical assets or its ownership rights, and the frequency and duration with which parties engage in the transaction.</p>

This thesis is motivated by the impacts of contemporary political and economic issues such as microeconomic reform and regulatory control on the Australian wheat industry. Firstly, the suggestion of whether the AWB (International) Ltd commands market power and secondly, that the objectives of the AWB Ltd have changed since semi-privatisation of the Australian Wheat Board under the Wheat Marketing Act, 1989. The AWB (International) Ltd’s ability to price discriminate is a key component to the retention of the single desk regulatory arrangement for the export of Australian wheat. Due to data restrictions the market power of the AWB (International) Ltd has not been determined within this thesis. To complement this traditional approach, a more novel proposal is developed to determine the effect of microeconomic reform on the Australian wheat industry. Conceptualising the change of the AWB Ltd’s objectives as a shift from revenue maximization to profit maximization, this study examines the impact of such a change on the pricing policies of a multi- market price-setting firm. More specifically, this study investigates, for two hypothetical objective functions, a risk averse firm’s price-setting behaviour in an “overseas” and a “domestic” market, given differing costs of supply, uncertain demand functions and differing price elasticities of demand in each market. The aim is to generate empirically testable hypotheses relating to the impact of a change of objectives on pricing behaviour.

Les espaces publics dépendent désormais d’une ville néolibérale et entrepreneuriale qui doit obéir à des impératifs de rentabilité économique. Cette thèse entend montrer comment les municipalités doivent redorer leur image pour attirer de nouveaux capitaux, ce qui implique de se débarrasser des « indésirables » (les sans-abris et autres personnes perçues comme des nuisances) qui ternissent l’image de leurs espaces publics. Elle s’intéresse à trois analyses de cas : les centres commerciaux The Grove et Americana At Brand, les Business Improvement Districts et Safer Cities Initiative, un programme de « tolérance zéro » mis en place par la municipalité de Los Angeles en 2006. Il s’agit de comprendre en quoi l’expérience de l’urbanité a été tempérée et régulée par de nouveaux codes où les aspects dérangeants ont tous été dissous dans un tissu urbain lavé de toute diversité socio-culturelle. L’exclusion systématique des indésirables incarne particulièrement bien cette volonté d’imposer une norme dominante. Ces nouveaux espaces semblent sûrs et sécurisés mais s’avèrent être des espaces contrôlés, surveillés, dépourvus d’authenticité, où les comportements sont attentivement scrutés. Il s’agit également de démontrer comment l’exclusion spatiale et l’exclusion sociale se renforcent mutuellement. Enfin, cette thèse analyse également les groupes qui se positionnent contre la privatisation de l’espace public et proposent de repenser la ville contemporaine. / Public spaces now depend on a neoliberal and entrepreneurial city that has to obey economic profitability priorities. This thesis aims at showing how municipalities try to bolster their image in order to attract new capital, which entails getting rid of its undesirables (the homeless and other people perceived as problems) who tarnish their public spaces’ image. This thesis includes three case studies : two malls The Grove and Americana At Brand, Business Improvement Districts and Safer Cities Initiative a zero tolerance policy program initiated by the city of Los Angeles in 2006. The goal is to understand to what extent the urban experience has been tempered and regulated with new codes, and in which all disturbing aspects have all been disolved in an urban fabric cleaned of all socio-cultural diversity. The automatic exclusion of undesirables embodies perfectly well this desire to impose dominant norms. All these new spaces seem safe and secured but they turn out to be controlled, surveilled, deprived of authenticity, in which bevahiours are heavily scrutinized. This thesis also aims to demonstrate how spatial and social exclusion mutually reinforce each other. Finally, it analyzes groups that are against public space privatization and offers alternatives to the redesign the contemporary city.

A presente dissertação debate como a mercantilização e privatização da educação superior tem rebatimentos na saúde do docente face ao atual contexto que exige cada vez a produtividade e a competitividade dos docentes. Desta forma, foram realizados estudos através da teoria e do método do materialismo histórico para construção desta dissertação, vendo a saúde do trabalhador determinada socialmente e historicamente. A pesquisa é composta por revisão bibliográfica e também por pesquisa empírica realizada nos quatros encontros sobre saúde do trabalhador realizados pelo Sindicato Nacional (ANDES-SN). Nestes encontros estiveram presentes importantes atores sociais que representaram as diversas forças políticas e institucionais. Nesta dissertação a discussão perpassa principalmente pela o empresariamento das universidades, bem como, o adoecimento dos docentes frente a esta realidade e também as estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecimento através da perspectiva de análise destes encontros. Esta dissertação também revela a importância do docente conhecer as condições, relações e organização do trabalho, para o enfrentamento das doenças oriundas do trabalho. / The dissertation this debate as the commodification and privatization of higher education has repercussions on the health of teachers against the current context that increasingly demands the productivity and competitiveness of teachers. Thus, studies were conducted through the theory and method of historical materialism to build this dissertation, seeing the health of socially and historically determined worker. The research consists of literature review and also by empirical research conducted in four meetings on worker health conducted by the National Union (ANDES - SN). These meetings attended important social actors representing different political and institutional forces. In this dissertation the discussion permeates mainly by the entrepreneurship in universities " , as well as the illness of teachers face this reality and also coping strategies of illness from the perspective of analysis of these meetings . This work also reveals the importance of teaching meet the conditions, relations and work organization, to cope with illness arising from work.

A presente dissertação debate como a mercantilização e privatização da educação superior tem rebatimentos na saúde do docente face ao atual contexto que exige cada vez a produtividade e a competitividade dos docentes. Desta forma, foram realizados estudos através da teoria e do método do materialismo histórico para construção desta dissertação, vendo a saúde do trabalhador determinada socialmente e historicamente. A pesquisa é composta por revisão bibliográfica e também por pesquisa empírica realizada nos quatros encontros sobre saúde do trabalhador realizados pelo Sindicato Nacional (ANDES-SN). Nestes encontros estiveram presentes importantes atores sociais que representaram as diversas forças políticas e institucionais. Nesta dissertação a discussão perpassa principalmente pela o empresariamento das universidades, bem como, o adoecimento dos docentes frente a esta realidade e também as estratégias de enfrentamento do adoecimento através da perspectiva de análise destes encontros. Esta dissertação também revela a importância do docente conhecer as condições, relações e organização do trabalho, para o enfrentamento das doenças oriundas do trabalho. / The dissertation this debate as the commodification and privatization of higher education has repercussions on the health of teachers against the current context that increasingly demands the productivity and competitiveness of teachers. Thus, studies were conducted through the theory and method of historical materialism to build this dissertation, seeing the health of socially and historically determined worker. The research consists of literature review and also by empirical research conducted in four meetings on worker health conducted by the National Union (ANDES - SN). These meetings attended important social actors representing different political and institutional forces. In this dissertation the discussion permeates mainly by the entrepreneurship in universities " , as well as the illness of teachers face this reality and also coping strategies of illness from the perspective of analysis of these meetings . This work also reveals the importance of teaching meet the conditions, relations and work organization, to cope with illness arising from work.