Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-100).

Thesis (D. Min.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, Mass., 1998. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 100-111).

Thesis (M.S.)--Rowan University, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.A.)--Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary, South Hamilton, MA, 2003. / Abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 70-73).

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2005. / Vita. Thesis advisor: William A. Curtin. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-164). Also available online.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 1983. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-100).

This thesis is about demandingness objections. It is claimed that various moral theories ask too much of moral agents, and for that reason should be rejected or modified accordingly. In the first chapter, I consider what this objection entails, particularly distinguishing it from Bernard Williams's integrity objection. The second chapter investigates several attempts to undermine the objection. I contend that their arguments for a more burdensome conception of morality fail, and that accepting their `extreme' view would leave us unable to explain much of our moral phenomenology. In the third chapter, I analyse what features of a moral theory make it susceptible to demandingness objections. Through this discussion I highlight social factors (the conduct and expectations of one's community) and psychological factors as potential candidates for generating the problem. Making use of these potential diagnoses, in chapter four, I examine (but ultimately reject) the responses to demandingness objections by Richard Miller and Liam Murphy, which can provide verdicts sensitive to these features. In the fifth chapter, I examine the concept of blame and its relationship to moral wrongness. Noting this relationship and how an action's difficulty can affect whether we deem conduct blameworthy, I consider a recent proposal by Brian McElwee, that the difficulty of certain actions explains why they are too demanding. I reject this proposal, instead regarding difficulty as providing excuse conditions. However, through the discussion I draw attention to the fact that sub-optimal behaviour often does not need an excuse, suggesting that there is no `default' obligation to do the best. In the final chapter, I offer a way to consider how obligations are generated, utilising the concept of reasonableness. By incorporating this concept, and giving it a relativistic analysis, I suggest a theory can avoid demandingness objections.

This thesis examines two available approaches for predicting the swelling behaviour of unsaturated expansive clays: (i)simplified empirical relationships for rapidly identifying swelling soils and (ii)a more accurate prediction method suitable for design purposes and based upon experimentally measured swell moduli. The work was prompted by the absence of a universally accepted procedure for use with these soils. The initial (and shorter) phase of the work uses published swell data to assess available empirical swell prediction methods and also determine the relative significance of soil parameters used for this purpose. The work suggests that potentially expansive soils can be identified and classified, and the national or regional soil classification systems may be easily amended to allow for this. The results indicated: (i)the swell prediction methods are suitable for indicating the degree of swell behaviour only, and methods for actually quantifying volume change are usually limited to localised application (ii)in situ suction correlated closely with swell for available data, therefore it is suggested that the suction-swell relationship be derived for numerous soils in order to assess the possibility of using it as a stand-alone indicator. The second and most significant phase of the work involved an assessment of Fredlund's constitutive model approach for unsaturated soils when applied to the swell prediction of expansive clays. This required considerable equipment development for measuring volume changes and controlling the stresses of the soil, air and water phases. In addition, two conventional consolidometers (oedometers) were linked to a chart recorder to facilitate continuous data acquisition. An experimental programme of three test series was then instigated to provide data by which Fredlund's theory could be assessed; these included Null tests to assess the validity of the chosen stress state variables, Volume change (uniqueness tests)to evaluate Fredlund's constitutive equations and finally, Consolidometer swell tests to further evaluate the constitutive equations and assess an established soils laboratory test for swell prediction purposes. The results showed : (i)in general, Fredlund’s constitutive model approach is suitable for predicting volume changes in unsaturated expansive clays of a liquid limit range typically found in the field (up to 142%). (ii)despite equipment limitations, equal changes of the stress components (cr, Ua and Uw) produced negligible volume changes, thereby confirming the stress state variables. (iii)both the stress control and consolidometer tests indicated reasonable agreement between measured and predicted swell values, thus confirming the suitability of Fredlund’s constitutive model approach to expansive unsaturated clays. (iv)the theory makes no provision for (a) discontinuous phases in soils found at saturation levels below 25% and above 80-85% and (b) the non elastic behaviour of unsaturated soils following a reversal in stress change. Fredlund’s theory should therefore be further studied for soils composed of discontinuous phases and the effects of stress reversals upon volume change. The development of a full triaxial testing system is recommended.

M.Com. (Accounting) / Please refer to full text to view abstract