Thesis (M.Ed.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, 2005. / Bibliography: leaves 53-56.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, Dept. of Mathematics, June 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Ohio State University. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 65-69).

Constrained graph problems are about finding graphs respecting a given set of constraints. These problems occur in many areas. For example, security properties, biological reaction mechanisms, ecological predator/prey relationships, compiler code optimizations, and logic circuit fault diagnosis are just a few of the areas in which graph constraints play an important role. This thesis proposes a constraint programming approach for solving these problems. We present new constraints defined on top of the notions of domination and transitive closure, and their search algorithms. We have implemented these constraints in the state-of-the-art Gecode system and shown that they are competitive with or better than other approaches in realistic scenarios. / Les problèmes de graphes contraints concernent la recherche de graphes qui respectent un ensemble donné de contraintes. Ils apparaissent dans de nombreux domaines. Par exemple, la sécurité dans les logiciels, les méchanismes des réactions biologiques, les relations prédateur/proie en écologie, l'optimisation de code par les compilateurs, et le diagnostic de pannes dans des circuits logiques sont quelques-uns des domaines dans lesquels les contraintes de graphes jouent un rôle important. Cette thèse propose une approche basée sur la programmation par contraintes pour résoudre ces problèmes. Nous présentons de nouvelles contraintes définies sur les notions de domination et de clôture transitive, ainsi que leurs algorithmes de recherche. Nous avons implémenté ces contraintes dans le système de pointe Gecode, et avons montré notre approche compétitive et parfois meilleure que d'autres approches dans des cas réalistes.

Boundary value problems for pseudodifferential operators (with or without the transmission property) are characterised as a substructure of the edge pseudodifferential calculus with constant discrete asymptotics. The boundary in this case is the edge and the inner normal the model cone of local wedges. Elliptic boundary value problems for non-integer powers of the Laplace symbol belong to the examples as well as problems for the identity in the interior with a prescribed number of trace and potential conditions. Transmission operators are characterised as smoothing Mellin and Green operators with meromorphic symbols.

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This study aims to connect problem-based learning with the problematic aspects during English lessons in school. In this way, suggestions for solutions to these problems could be generated. The study took place at an upper secondary school located in the middle regions of Sweden. In this school six unstructured observations were done during the English lessons in order to locate the problematic aspects. The students who participated in this study were in the ages of sixteen to eighteen years old. The theoretical framework was based on literature on problem-based learning and learning in general. The essential features of problem-based learning have been summarized and connected with the problematic aspects and classroom activities from the observations. In this way, it has been possible to come up with suggestions for solutions to some problems, such as unwillingness to speak and lack of motivation among students. The conclusions in this essay are that the problematic aspects dealt with features, such as unwillingness to speak as well as that the students did not understand the learning materials and that the teacher was not supportive. The solutions for these problems dealt mostly with triggering motivation by presenting problem-solving tasks, working with interaction and metacognition and planning the tasks in accordance with the students’ zone of proximal development. Furthermore, the teacher should work as a guide in the classroom to help the students along the way. The students should also receive positive and constructive feedback from the teacher, which will improve the learning among the students.

To collect data for this report a field study was performed at an orphanage in Cape Town, South Africa. I carried out volunteer work for eight weeks to find out more about the children’s situations. I wanted to find out what it was like to work at an orphanage for children in need and what the employees were doing to help. The children’s ages ranged from five to eighteen years old and they all lived together, although boys and girls slept in different rooms. Before I went to South Africa, I thought that an orphanage was a place for children without parents, who had been abandoned when they where infants. Some of the children at the orphanage come from situations like this, but many of them have family who they need help and protection from. Their own parents cannot take care of them because of different social problems such as sexual abuse, drug abuse or poverty. During the field study qualitative research was performed, where the people that I worked with and the children in the orphanage were participating. Observation was also included in my field work. The result of the field study was very interesting. The most important findings from my results were that all of the people I spoke to said that they would like to see some changes at the orphanage. They came up with plenty of different ideas to make the environment better. I interviewed five employees at the orphanage and all of them said that they would like to extend the amount of employees, have better communication among themselves, therapy sessions - and more weekend activities for the children. During this period of the field study I interviewed a lot of children of different ages, but out of the interviews six where used in this report.

The goal of this research is to develop an equation describing the two, dimensional motion of an inviscid incompressible fluid in the rectangular wavemaker of constant depth. The boundary value problem of the rectangle is transformed to the upper half plane with the use of Jacobian elliptical functions. The boundary value problem is then transformed to the unit disc. The solution to the mixed value problem of the disc is found using a general solution satisfying the Laplace equation in polar coordinates. In order to solve the coefficients of the general solution, a system of equations is developed using a method similar to the one applied for the coefficients of a Fourier series. The system is converted to matrix form and the coefficients are calculated using Mathematica. Four approximate solutions are calculated for depths of 3.96 m and 4.42 m with N equal to 2 and 10. / Graduation date: 1993

Bargaining is a process to decide how to divide shared resources between two or more players. And axiomatic bargaining specifies desirable and simple properties the outcome of the bargaining should satisfy and identifies the solution that produces this outcome. This approach was first developed by John Nash in his seminal work(Nash 1950). Since then, numerous studies have been done on bargaining problems with convex feasible set or with non-convex but comprehensive feasible set. There is, however, little work on finite bargaining problems. In this dissertation, we study finite bargaining problems systematically by extending the standard bargaining model to the one consisting of all finite bargaining problems. For our bargaining problems, we first propose the Nash, Maximin, Leximin, Maxiproportionalmin, Lexiproportianlmin solutions, which are the counterparts of those that have been studied extensively in both convex and non-convex but comprehensive problems. We then axiomatically characterize these solutions in our context. We next introduce two new solutions, the maximin-utilitarian solution and the utilitarian-maximin solution, each of which combines the maximin solution and utilitarian solution in different ways. The maximin-utilitarian solution selects the alternatives from the maximin solution that have the greatest sum of individuals’ utilities, and the utilitarian-maximin solution selects the maximin alternatives from the utilitarian solution. These two solutions attempt to combine two important but very different ethical principles to produce compromised solutions to bargaining problems. Finally, we discuss several variants of the egalitarian solution. The egalitarian solution in finite bargaining problems is more complicated than its counterpart in either convex or non-convex but comprehensive bargaining problems. Given its complexity in our context, we start our inquiry by investigating two-person, finite bargaining problems, and then extend some of the analysis to n-person, finite bargaining problems. Our analysis of finite bargaining problems and axiomatic characterizations of the extensions of various standard solutions of convex/non-convex but comprehensive bargaining problems to finite bargaining problems will shed new light on the behavior of these solutions. Our new solutions will expand our understanding of the bargaining theory and distributive justice from a different perspective.