The recent technology of single-cell RNA sequencing can be used to investigate molecular, transcriptional, changes in cells as they develop. I reviewed the literature on the technology, and made a large scale quantitative comparison of the different implementations of single cell RNA sequencing to identify their technical limitations. I investigate how to model transcriptional changes during cellular development. The general forms of expression changes with respect to development leads to nonparametric regression models, in the forms of Gaussian Processes. I used Gaussian process models to investigate expression patterns in early embryonic development, and compared the development of mice and humans. When using in vivo systems, ground truth time for each cell cannot be known. Only a snapshot of cells, all being in different stages of development can be obtained. In an experiment measuring the transcriptome of zebrafish blood precursor cells undergoing the development from hematopoietic stem cells to thrombocytes, I used a Gaussian Process Latent Variable model to align the cells according to the developmental trajectory. This way I could investigate which genes were driving the development, and characterise the different patterns of expression. With the latent variable strategy in mind, I designed an experiment to study a rare event of murine embryonic stem cells entering a state similar to very early embryos. The GPLVM can take advantage of the nonlinear expression patterns involved with this process. The results showed multiple activation events of genes as cells progress towards the rare state. An essential feature of cellular biology is that precursor cells can give rise to multiple types of progenitor cells through differentiation. In the immune system, naive T-helper cells differentiate to different sub-types depending on the infection. For an experiment where mice were infected by malaria, the T-helper cells develop into two cell types, Th1 and Tfh. I model this branching development using an Overlapping Mixture of Gaussian Processes, which let me identify both which cells belong to which branch, and learn which genes are involved with the different branches. Researchers have now started performing high-throughput experiments where spatial context of gene expression is recorded. Similar to how I identify temporal expression patterns, spatial expression patterns can be identified nonparametrically. To enable researchers to make use of this technique, I developed a very fast method to perform a statistical test for spatial dependence, and illustrate the result on multiple data sets.

Syftet med denna uppsats är att ta reda på hur ledare på en bank upplever att de kan lära och utvecklas som ledare. Detta genom feedback, medarbetare, omvärlden och om­organisationen. Studien är av kvalitativt slag och har ett fenomenologiskt perspektiv. Data­insamlingen gjordes genom sju semistrukturerade intervjuer. Resultatet i relation med tidigare forskning och teorier visar på att när reflektion görs så sker lärande och utveckling. Dock så har det visat sig att reflektionstid upplevs vara en bristvara, vilket kan resultera i att lärandet och utvecklingen inte blir lika utbredd som det hade kunnat bli. Något som framkommit är att mentorskap skulle kunna främja lärandet och utvecklingen. Även feedback kan utgöra en grund för ledaren att skapa sig lärande och utveckling. Då det ger en möjlighet för ledaren att rannsaka sig själv och se sig genom andras ögon. En annan aspekt som framkom i studien var att ledarna utövar ett transformativt ledarskap där de involverar sina medarbetare i stor ut­sträckning. / The purpose of this paper is to find out how leaders, at a bank, feel that they can start a learning and development process. This driven by feedback, co-workers, the surrounding environment and reorganization. This paper is of a qualitative nature and has a phenomenological perspective. The data was collected through seven semi-structured interviews. The result in relation to previous research and theories suggest that when reflection is done so is learning and development. It has been proven that time for reflection is something that´s perceived to be in short supply, which can result in that learning and development will not be as widespread as it could have been. Something that has emerged is that mentoring could promote learning and development. Feedback can provide a basis for the leader to create learning- and development processes, since this is an opportunity for leaders to search themselves and see themselves through others’ eyes. Another aspect that emerged in this paper was that leaders engaged in a transformative leadership where they include their co-workers to a large extent.

In this study, effects of changes in various parameters of the Bayer process on the amount of &ldquo / red mud&rdquo / , which has many environmental drawbacks, were examined in accordance with the principles of &ldquo / sustainable development&rdquo / . The production process of SeydiSehir Aluminum Plant is modeled as a case study. First a steady-state mass balance calculation is carried out by incorporating sequential modular approach. Then a model of the Bayer process digester is programmed and several simulations are carried out using this model. Results of the mass balance calculation revealed that changes in the extent of the digestion reaction, which is a function of temperature and caustic concentration, and washing efficiency may have a 2.07% decrease on the amount of red mud produced,which implies nearly 10,000 tons of decline per annum, while amount of hydrate produced is increased by 4.52%. A 7.40 % decrease on the amount of red mud produced on dry basis per kg of hydrate was found to be achievable. Optimum operating temperature for the digester was calculated as 277.3 &deg / C.

Software development is highly dependent on the use of tools. These tools support and automate activities performed in different sub-domains of software development. However, they don&lsquo / t adequately provide or support integration facilities, and act as &amp / #8213 / islands of automation&amp / #8214 / . This restricts their benefits to only specific parts of the process. To reap the benefits of integration, this thesis provides a process modeling based method named PLETIN to identify and implement software development tool integration-tuples. The method aims to present solutions for issues observed in tool integration for software development organizations by delivering an integrated tool set. The proposed solution approach is based on the idea that if there were no integrations between tools at all, users would perform the necessary actions to cooperate different tools. PLETIN is a method for the identification of the candidate integration situations (integration-tuples) from the interactions of users with the tools. These tuples constitute the requirements used to develop integration facilities. The software development process definitions are used as inputs to create process models and provide actual implementations. The research is supported with case-study work to identify the significance of the problems and the applicability of the method as a solution to issues in tool integration.

The view regarding social units as entities in their own right disappeared from scientific consideration in the mid-twentieth century as much for political and ideological reasons as scientific ones. Yet group psychotherapy rediscovered these ideas. The problem to re-establish them scientifically is lack of empirical methodology for investigating whole groups. / The study integrated theories of groups as psychic entities from sociology, social psychology and group psychotherapy to form hypotheses about therapeutic groups" functioning. Four dimensions of whole-group function were derived: Structure, Cognitive Organisation, Affect, and Action Coherence. An observational instrument, the "Group Function Record," was developed, categories defined for each dimension and a procedure established to rate minute-by-minute group function from videotaped psychotherapy groups. Therapists" Interventions were also recorded. The instrument treats the group as the object of study and quality of collective functioning is rated irrespective of members present or their roles. Reliability was established and ratings were made of one latency and four adolescent yearlong groups. / Results substantiated an eight-phase developmental sequence derived from the group development literature and outlined a theory of group formation. The most challenging, but creative state was found to be when the group is whole with all members in communication, though it is unstable and often managed by breaking into subgroups. A linear relation existed showing that the smaller the group, the better it functions. Groups also function best with one or two members missing, but more absentees threaten the group’s existence. More highly organized groups are more stable, but tend to destabilize when they become self-reflective. Homeostatic self-correcting tendencies and a close relationship between affective and action changes were evident. Change towards unpleasurable affect is associated with change from cooperation to conflict and vice versa. Crises tend to be precipitated by affective change, but correct themselves within the next minute or two. The effects of Therapists" Interventions towards members, the group or both were analyzed. Group interventions initially tend to reduce functionality, followed by improvement after several minutes; member interventions have inconsistent effects; interventions to group and members in the same minute tend to produce immediate improved function. / The findings and their implications for therapeutic goals and technique with adolescents are discussed in relation to the theoretical background. Considerable merit is found in the collective mentality theories, many of whose postulates are validated. Indications for therapeutic technique are outlined from the findings. The method provides a different view of group process posing new questions and suggesting simple techniques are therapeutically potent. Further avenues of research are suggested.

The image of "unnecessary men" firstly emerged in 19th century Russia. It has aroused extensive attention since the date of its birth. This paper aims at embodying the causes and process of development and relative characteristics of representative figures in Russian and Chinese literature. Researchers usually refer to the typical representatives of "unnecessary men" in Russian literature as the heroes of «Eugene Onegin» by A. S. Pushkin, «Hero of our time» by M. Yu. Lermontov, «Oblomov» by I. A. Goncharov, etc. "Unnecessary men" in Chinese Literature -- Juan Sheng, Jue Xin, Xiao Jianqiu, etc. As an epitome of their era, they are among the leading elites grown up from the old norms. They are the inevitable products of the era with profound significance. They tragedy, no matter to the society or individual is filled with warming and enlightenment. Its significance is extensive and profound and is well-worth researing and exploring. / Образ «лишних людей» впервые появился в России XIX века. Он вызвал широкое внимание с момента своего рождения. Цель данной статьи заключается в том, чтобы воплотить причины и процесс развития и относительные характеристики представительных фигур в русской и китайской литературе. К типичным представителям лишних людей в русской литературе исследователи обычно относят героев «Евгения Онегина» А.С. Пушкина, «Героя нашего времени» М.Ю. Лермонтова, «Обломова» И.А. Гончарова и др. «Лишний человек» в китайской литературы -- Цзюань Шен（涓生）, Цзюэ Синь（觉新）, Сяо Цзяньцю（肖涧秋） и т.д. Как воплощение своей эпохи, они входят в число ведущих элит, выросших из старых норм. Они являются неизбежными продуктами эпохи с глубоким значением. Их трагедия, не важно для общества или отдельного человека, наполнена теплом и просветлением. Его значение является обширным и глубоким,и его стоит исследовать и исследовать.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:52:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissJCR.pdf: 3375786 bytes, checksum: 1a57425c9778203f1f18dbdb3bb55719 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-20 / The increase of the competitiveness in the markets, demand products with high quality and that they are developed of form the one that the companies present fast cycle of development, high performance, and low cost. Some tools of the production engineering are available of form to optimize and to become more previsible the happened results of the process of development of products. An important aspect in the PDP, is the possible contribution of the supplier, combining itself since the stages initiates, of form to optimize performance ace characteristic, to reduce risks and to optimize the innovative process. The ceramic tiles industry Brazilian particularly can be characterized by producers that use water process and dry process. The industry that uses the dried milling process has grown of significant form from the beginning of years 90, producing currently about 60% of the national production. The ceramic tiles industry historically uses the supplier as collaborating in the development of products. In Brazil more specifically the role played for the suppliers of inputs for ceramic glazes is important. Considering itself that the common suppliers are ace industries that use the dry process and the water process, this work effects an exploratory boarding on the process of development of products in the ceramic tiles industry. Case studies were done in seven companies tiles manufacturers and three glazes suppliers. One concludes that the industry independently of the competitive strategy, must structuralize and co-ordinate better the PDP preventing the extreme dependence of suppliers. And that the established scene privileges more than proportionally, the industry that uses dry process. / O aumento da competitividade nos mercados demanda produtos com alta qualidade e que sejam desenvolvidos de forma a que as empresas apresentem rápido ciclo de desenvolvimento, alta performance e baixo custo. Várias ferramentas da engenharia de produção estão disponíveis de forma a otimizar e a tornar mais previsíveis os resultados advindos do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Um aspecto importante no PDP é a possível colaboração do fornecedor, integrando-se desde as etapas inicias, de forma a otimizar as características de desempenho, reduzir riscos e a otimizar o processo inovativo. A indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos, a brasileira, particularmente pode ser caracterizada por produtores que utilizam o processo de moagem a úmido e processo de moagem a seco. A indústria que utiliza o processo de moagem a seco tem crescido de forma significativa a partir do inicio dos anos 90, produzindo atualmente cerca de 60% da produção nacional. A indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos historicamente utiliza o fornecedor como colaborador no desenvolvimento de produtos. No Brasil mais especificamente é importante o papel desempenhado pelos fornecedores de insumos para esmaltes denominados colorifícios. Considerando-se que os fornecedores são comuns ás indústrias que utilizam o processo de moagem a seco e moagem a úmido, este trabalho efetua uma abordagem exploratória sobre o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos na indústria de revestimentos cerâmicos brasileira. Foram realizados estudos de caso em sete empresas fabricantes de revestimentos e três colorificios. Conclui-se que a indústria independentemente da estratégia competitiva, deve estruturar e coordenar melhor o PDP evitando a excessiva dependência de fornecedores. E que o cenário estabelecido privilegia mais que proporcionalmente, a indústria que utiliza o processo de moagem a seco.

Stabile und effiziente industrielle Reinigungsprozesse gehören zu den Schlüsseltechnologien in der heutigen komplexen Fertigung. Die Entwicklung neuer Prozessführungsstrategien, der Einsatz modernster Systeme bei der Überwachung des Reinigungserfolgs und der Prozessqualität sowie die Anpassung an die Anforderungen von Industrie 4.0 sind daher wichtige Schwerpunkte für zukünftige Reinigungstechnologien. Als Forum zum Erfahrungsaustausch und zur Diskussion neuer Ideen und Projekte zu diesen Themen - von der Prozessoptimierung über Reinigungstests mit verschiedenen Verfahren bis zur Analyse von Qualitätsproblemen – veranstalteten das Fraunhofer IVV Dresden und die Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH (WFS) am 7. Juni 2018 die Projektwerkstatt 'Industrielle Reinigungstechnologien'. Zur Vorbereitung der Projektwerkstatt wurde eine Umfrage als Bestandteil der Anmeldung durchgeführt. In kurzen Fachvorträgen vermittelten Experten aus Forschung und Praxis einen Überblick über die neuesten Erkenntnisse und Zukunftstrends.:1. Dr. Uwe Lienig (Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH): Industrielle Forschungsprojekte initiieren – Die Projektwerkstatt der WFS 2. Stephan Schammer (Continental Automotive GmbH): Sauberkeitskonzept bei der Continental Automotive GmbH in Limbach-Oberfrohna 3. Dr. Michael Flämmich (VACOM Vakuum Komponenten & Messtechnik GmbH): Bauteilsauberkeit – aktuelle Herausforderungen in der Prozesskette 4. Felix Schricker (Fraunhofer IVV Dresden): Lernfabrik Industrielle Bauteilreinigung - Entwicklung eines Test- & Schulungszentrums 5. Vico Seifert (Fraunhofer IVV Dresden): Lernfabrik Industrielle Bauteilreinigung - Angewandte F&E am Beispiel einer inlinefähigen Detektion lackbenetzungsstörender Substanzen

Die qualitätsgerechte, ressourcenschonende und effiziente Bauteilreinigung hat sich zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil der Produktion herausgebildet und ist zu einer qualitätsbestimmenden Schlüsseltechnologie für hochwertige Produkte geworden. Die Entwicklung neuer Prozessführungsstrategien, der Einsatz modernster Systeme bei der Überwachung des Reinigungserfolgs und der Prozessqualität sowie die Durchdringung mit Technologien der Digitalisierung sind wichtige Schwerpunkte für zukünftige und durchgängig qualitätsgesteuerte Reinigungstechnologien. Als Forum zum Erfahrungsaustausch und zur Diskussion neuer Ideen und Projekte zu diesen Themen - von der Digitalisierung von Prozessen über die intelligente Prozessführung mit innovativen Methoden bis zur Analyse von Qualitätsproblemen – veranstalteten das Fraunhofer IVV Dresden und die Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH (WFS) am 14. März 2019 die 2. Projektwerkstatt Industrielle Bauteilreinigung. Zur Vorbereitung der 2. Projektwerkstatt wurde eine Umfrage durchgeführt. In kurzen Fachvorträgen vermittelten Experten aus Forschung und Praxis einen Überblick über die neuesten Erkenntnisse und Zukunftstrends. Im anschließenden Workshop tauschten die 33 Teilnehmer von insgesamt 22 Unternehmen und Forschungseinrichtungen ihre Erfahrungen zu den Themen Grenzen aktueller Reinigungsverfahren, Industrielle Standards der Bauteilreinigung, Bedarfsgerechte Digitalisierung von Reinigungsprozessen und Effizienzsteigerung mittels intelligenter Bauteiltrocknung aus. Im Zuge des offenen Erfahrungsaustausches wurden gemeinsam vielversprechende Zielstellungen und Lösungsansätze für öffentlich geförderte Forschungsvorhaben und bilaterale Industrieprojekte erarbeitet. Auf gleiche Weise entstanden bereits aus der Projektwerkstatt 2018 heraus konkrete Ansätze für Projekte. Diese thematisieren die Digitalisierung von Reinigungsprozessen im Kontext ganzer Fertigungsketten sowie die Entwicklung einer Systemlösung zur Inlinedetektion nicht-fluoreszierender filmischer Verunreinigungen und werden in Kürze auf den Weg gebracht.:1. Prof. Dr. Katja Mannschreck (Hochschule Heilbronn): Stabile Bauteilsauberkeit in der Produktion 2. Dr. Michael Flämmich (VACOM Vakuum Komponenten & Messtechnik GmbH): Teilereinigungsprozesse fähig und beherrscht: Six-Sigma-Methoden in der Anwendung 3. Dr. Thomas Dreyer (Weber Ultrasonics AG): Ultraschallreinigung als qualitätsrelevanter Prozess - Grundlagen und Parameterbestimmung 4. Markus Windisch (Fraunhofer IVV Dresden): Digitalisierung in der Bauteilreinigung: Chancen für die Qualitätssicherung 5. Dr. Uwe Lienig (Wirtschaftsförderung Sachsen GmbH): Innovationsprozesse in KMU unterstützen – Projektwerkstatt und Fördermöglichkeiten

<p>U radu se iskazuje potreba za obavljanjem reinţenjeringa preduzeća (RP), kao radikalno novog totalnog procesnog organizovanja preduzeća sa tendencijom ostvarivanja TQM-a (totalno procesno organizovanje preduzeća po prvi put je inţenjering preduzeća (IR)). Takođe, u radu se daje odgovarajuća metodologija za obavljanje inţenjeringa I reinţenjeringa preduzeća i iskazuje ĉinjenica da obavljanje svakog inţenjeringa i reinţenjeringa preduzeća, kao i funkcionisanje TQM-a podrazumeva postojanje menadţmenta u preduzeću koji se stalno inovira.<br />Rad istiĉe ĉinjenicu da u procesnom organizovanju preduzeća treba da se razlikuje selekcionistiĉki pristup koji prvenstveno odgovara naprednim preduzećima u razvijenoj svetskoj privredi i totalistiĉki pristup, koji rad obrađuje, a koji prevashodno odgovara svim ostalim preduzećima. Osnovni kriterijum koji odreĊuje kad koji pristup treba da bude upotrebljen je kvalitet posedovanne marketin&scaron;ke organizacione culture. Ako je posedovana marketin&scaron;ka organizaciona kultura zadovoljavajuća onda za ostvarivanje procesnog organizovanja treba da bude upotrebljen postojeći selekcionistiĉki pristup, dok u suprotnom sluĉaju, koji je daleko rasprostranjeni, treba da bude primenjen totalistiĉki pristup, koga rad obrađuje.<br />U radu je obrađen model za identifikaciju kvaliteta postojeće marketin&scaron;ke organizacione kulture preduzeća i iskazan naĉin pokretanja reinţenjeringa na primeru konkretnog preduzeća sloţenog karaktera i naĉin kako se identifikuju koristi od njegovog obavljanja u poĉetnoj fazi obavljanja (prve dve godine od njegovog pokretanja).<br />Obavljeno istraţivanje je prevashodno analitiĉko deskriptivnog karaktera u okviru kog se dokazivanje postavljenih operativnih hipoteza vr&scaron;ilo po odgovarajućim radnim poglavljima koja nose njihove nazive. Takođe, u sklopu obavljanja istraţivanja data su odgovarajuća razja&scaron;njenja pojmova: vizija, misija, op&scaron;ti cilj, strategija ostvarivanja op&scaron;teg cilja, identifikovanje radne strukture i strukture radnih procesa, modeliranje poslovne strukture i strukture poslovnih procesa, i definisanje procesne organizacione strukture preduzeća sa uspostavljanjem novog baziĉnog marketin&scaron;ki orjentisanog organizacionog modela. Ostvarivanje ovakvog organizacionog poduhvata definisano je odgovarajućom specijalnom grafiĉkom interpretacijom. Na primeru jednog sloţenog preduzeća dokazano je, kroz poĉetne rezultate, da jedan ovakav pristup daje zadovoljavajuće rezultate.</p> / <p>The paper shows the need for the re-engineering of the company (RP), as performing a radical new process of organizing the total tendency of TQM implementation, called Enterprise Engineering (IE). It also provides an appropriate methodology for their performing and reflect the fact that the performance of each engineering and re-engineering enterprises, as well as the functioning of TQM, implies the existence of management in a company, that is constantly innovating.<br />The paper highlights the fact that in the process organizing the company we shoulddistinguish differ process selection approach (that is suitable for advanced enterprises in developed world economy) and totalistic approach (which mainly corresponds to other companies). The main criterion that determines when that approach should be used, is the quality of subsumed marketing organizational culture. If the marketing possessed organizational culture is satisfactory then for the process of organizing should be used selection approach, while in the opposite case, which is far distributed, should be applied totalistic approach, which this paper deals with.<br />The paper describes a model for identification the quality of the existing marketing organizational culture, of the company and shown the way to start re-engineering through example of a particular complex company and find way how to identify the benefits of its performance in the beginning phase (the first two years of its launch).<br />Conducted research has primarily analytical-descriptive character, within which is done proving the set of operational hypotheses through relevant chapters which take their names. Also, through research performing are given adequate clarifications of terms: vision, mission, objective, strategy for achieving public goals, identifying the labor structure and structure of work processes, modeling the business structure and the structure of business processes, defining process organized structure of the company to establish a new base market oriented organizational model. The exercise of such organizational enterprise defines appropriate special graphical interpretation.</p>