Yes / Product design decomposition and synthesis is a constant challenge with its continuously increasing complexity at each level of abstraction. Currently, design decomposition and synthesis analytical tasks are mostly accomplished via functional and structural methods. These methods are useful in different phases of design process for product definition and architecture but limited in a way that they tend to focus more on ‘what’ and less on ‘how’ and vice versa. This paper combines a functional representation tool known as System State Flow Diagram (a solution independent approach), a solution search tool referred as Morphology Table, and Design Structure Matrix (mainly a solution dependent tool). The proposed approach incorporates Multiple Domain Matrix (MDM) to integrate the knowledge of both solution independent and dependent analyses. The approach is illustrated with a case study of solar robot toy, followed by its limitations, future work and discussion.

RÉSUMÉ : Le travail réalisé dans le cadre de cette thèse porte sur la création d’une méthode de conception de systèmes de management des connaissances (KMS) pour les PMEs. En effet, le management des connaissances (KM) peut leur être très profitable, mais les méthodes permettant de prendre en compte leurs spécificités et leurs besoins se heurtent à plusieurs problèmes, et ne sont donc pas bien adaptées. Nous nous sommes donc demandés comment concevoir un KMS pérenne et adapté pour une PME ? Un état de l’art nous a permis de poser 2 hypothèses. La première porte l’utilisation des caractéristiques et les besoins d’une PME pour sélectionner des outils et pratiques de KM adaptés à l’entreprise, et ainsi construire KMS sur mesure. La seconde porte sur l’accompagnement du concepteur et l’implication des utilisateurs finaux du KMS tout au long de la démarche de conception, de manière à rendre le KMS pérenne, fonctionnel et adapté à l’entreprise. Pour répondre à cette problématique nous proposons une méthode en 3 étapes. La première permet d’auditer l’entreprise sur ses caractéristiques importantes vis-à-vis du KM, et d’identifier ses besoins de KM. La seconde étape propose processus de sélection d’outils et de pratiques prenant en comptes les spécificités et les besoins de la PME. Un KMS basé sur les éléments sélectionnés est ensuite conçu en prenant en compte les ressources et en impliquant les futurs utilisateurs, de manière à garantir une bonne adaptation à l’entreprise. La troisième étape consiste à mettre en place le KMS conçu dans l’entreprise, former les utilisateurs, et leur permettre de faire évoluer le KMS en fonction des besoins émergents. Cette méthode a été appliquée à Sysnav, une PME de 25 employés, et a permis d’obtenir un KMS bien adapté à ses besoins. / ABSTRACT : This thesis focuses on the creation of a knowledge management system (KMS) design method for SMEs. Knowledge management (KM) can indeed be profitable to SMEs, but existing frameworks that take their specificities and needs into account face several problems. We thus interested ourselves in how to design a sustainable and adapted KMS for a SME? A literature study hinted 2 hypotheses. The first is that the characteristics and the needs of the SME can be used to choose KM tools and practices adapted to a SME, and build a custom made KMS. The second concerns the need to guide the designer and to involve the end user in the design process, in order to make the KMS sustainable and adapted. To tackle this problem, we designed a 3-step method. The first step consists in auditing the company’s important characteristics in regard to KM and its needs. The second step offers a tools and practice database and a selection process based on the company audit. The selected tools and practices are then used to design a tailor-made KMS while taking resources into account and involving end users. The third step consists in implementing the KMS in the firm, training the users and allowing them to perform the necessary evolutions according to emerging needs. This method was applied in Sysnav, a 25 employees SME, and resulted in the design of a well-adapted KMS.

[pt] O trabalho apresenta um modelo de ensino de métodos de projeto de produto elaborado de modo a facilitar o trabalho docente nas disciplinas de metodologia de projeto e projeto de produto. A pesquisa vem ao encontro da necessidade de, durante o processo projetual, lidar com vários saberes que deverão estar presentes não apenas na fase de projeto abstrato, como também na concretização do objeto. Sustenta-se na investigação que cabe ao docente ser um facilitador da aprendizagem do futuro designer, demonstrando conhecimento profundo da disciplina a ser ministrada, de forma a ressaltar seus aspectos fundamentais e esclarecer acerca de suas aplicações práticas. O aporte teórico do trabalho mostra que a atividade cientifica do design, que estuda métodos e determina a lógica e processos sequenciais se mostra adequada para tornar o design uma prática reflexiva. Entre as habilidades e competências, o designer deve ter capacidade criativa para propor soluções inovadoras, utilizando-se do domínio de técnicas e do processo de criação, assim como domínio das diferentes etapas do desenvolvimento de um projeto, a saber: definição de objetivos, técnicas de coleta e análise de dados, geração e avaliação de alternativas, configuração de solução e comunicação de resultados. As duas habilidades e competências são básicas, pois é isso que se deseja do formando. Assim, o ensino de design deve ser de qualidade e os conhecimentos de métodos projetuais devem ser apreendidos pelo futuro designer para que possa exercer a sua profissão com segurança. O método não garante a solução nem a eficácia do projeto e da sua concretização, pois está relacionado à aproximação com os saberes sendo apenas uma garantia de consecução da finalidade. Dessa forma, o trabalho aqui apresentado tem como objetivo propor o Modelo de Ensino de Métodos de Design de Produto (MEM), apoiado na teoria da aprendizagem significativa. O MEM visa que o professor use estratégias diferenciadas para alcançar a aprendizagem significativa, a partir de um guia que se apóia nos conhecimentos da pedagogia por meio da metodologia do ensino superior. O trabalho propõe estratégias de aprendizagem, estratégias de avaliação e recursos como instrumentos capazes de proporcionar uma aprendizagem mais eficaz de 40 métodos de projeto de produto. Finalmente, o trabalho apresenta a aplicação do MEM pelo período de um semestre na disciplina de Metodologia de Projeto da Univille. A partir dos resultados da avaliação conclui-se sobre a eficácia do modelo, recomendando-se seu uso por outros docentes das disciplinas de Metodologia de Projeto e Projeto de Produto em cursos de design. / [en] This study presents a teaching model for product design methods. It was developed in order to assist the teacher in subjects such as Project Methodology and Product Design. The research aims to attend the necessity, during the product design process, in dealing with all kind of information to be considered not only during the abstract project phase, but also at the moment of the project achievement. During the study the author affirms that the teacher should be a facilitator in the learning process of the future designer, while showing thorough knowledge of the subject to be taught, in a way to emphasize its fundamental aspects and enlighten its practical applications. The theoretical contribution of this study shows that the scientific activity of design, which investigates methods and determines the logic and sequential processes, has demonstrated to be suitable to transform design into a reflective practice. Beyond abilities and competence, a designer should possess creative capacities in order to propose innovative solutions, by means of mastery of the process designing techniques, as well as mastery of the different development steps of a project, namely: object definition, data collection and data analysis techniques, generation and evaluation of alternatives, solution configuration and communication of the results. These two abilities and competences are fundamental, and are required of a graduate student. Therefore, education in design should possess quality and the knowledge regarding project design methods should be learned by the future designer so he or she will be able to face his profession with confidence. This method neither guarantees the solution nor the project’s effectiveness and its achievement since it is related to the approximation of knowledge, being only a guarantee of the attainment of the project s aim. Thus, this study aims to propose a Teaching Model for Product Design Methods (TMM), based on the theory of meaningful learning. The method proposes that the teacher should use differentiated strategies to achieve meaningful learning, based on a guide, which relies on pedagogic knowledge by means of the methodologies of higher education. This study proposes learning strategies, evaluation strategies and 40 product design methods as tools capable of providing a more effective learning process. At last, this work presents the application of the method to the subject Project Methodology during a semester at the Univille University and from the analysis of the results, the effectiveness of the model is found, thus recommending its use by other teachers of the subjects Project Methodology and Project Design of industrial design courses.

Estudos no campo de conforto personalizado demonstram a necessidade de se desenvolver um sistema de distribuição de ar que permita ao usuário controlar, individualmente, as condições térmicas no seu posto de trabalho. Neste contexto, um equipamento dessa natureza foi idealizado pela orientadora deste trabalho e nesse processo foi identificada a necessidade de se elaborar um método de desenvolvimento de produto com características acadêmicas para ser usado na concepção e construção do dispositivo em questão. Para atender a essa necessidade, um método de projeto foi proposto neste trabalho para ser aplicado na área de desenvolvimento tecnológico de produto e/ou novos produtos, tendo como estudo de caso o dispositivo de conforto personalizado que foi desenvolvido paralelamente por um escritório de design. O método proposto se baseou em outros métodos de projeto já consagrados e foi adequado para o que se propõe considerando seus aspectos positivos. O método proposto neste trabalho é aberto e adota três processos criativos, baseado em pesquisas nas áreas de estética, materiais, ergonomia e comportamento humano e na pesquisa científica. O método permite a inter-relação de design, tecnologia de material e engenharia para satisfazer aos pré-requisitos técnicos quanto à funcionalidade, forma, estética e custo. O método é um modelo totalmente desenvolvido no âmbito acadêmico e foi validado pelo estudo de caso, quando se procedeu à comparação do método proposto com o utilizado pelo escritório de design que desenvolveu o dispositivo propriamente dito. Pela análise comparativa dos dois métodos foi possível concluir que o método proposto é adequado para se desenvolver um produto tanto no meio acadêmico quanto na indústria. Além disso, ele apresenta um diferencial com relação aos métodos considerados: sua estrutura aberta circular e radial estimula as interferências no decorrer do projeto, fazendo com que etapas sejam acrescentadas, retiradas e/ou desdobradas de acordo com os objetivos específicos do produto em questão. / Studies in the field of personalized thermal comfort demonstrate the necessity of developing an air distribution system that allows the user to control individually the thermal conditions in their work station. In this context, such an equipment is designed for guiding this study and this process has identified the need of devising a method of product development with academic characteristics to be used in the design and construction of the device in question. To attend this need, a design method was proposed in this work to be applied in the area of technological development of products and / or new products, taking as a case study of the personal comfort device which was developed in parallel by a design office. The proposed method was based on other design methods already established and was adequate to what is proposed considering its positive aspects. The method proposed in this work is open and takes three creative processes, based on research in the areas of aesthetics, materials, ergonomics and human behavior and in scientific research. The method allows the interrelation of design, material technology and engineering to meet the technical prerequisites for functionality, shape, aesthetics, and cost. The method is a model totally developed in the academic area and was validated by case study, when compared to the proposed method used by the office design that developed the device itself. After comparative analysis of both methods it was possible to conclude that the proposed method is suitable to develop a product both in the university, and in the industry. Furthermore, it has a differential with regard to the methods considered: open structure - circular and radial that stimulates interference during the project, making steps are added, removed and / or deployed according to the specific goals of the product in question.

Submitted by JOSIANE SANTOS DE OLIVEIRA (josianeso) on 2019-03-07T16:23:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ery Clovis Petry Jardim Junior_.pdf: 2380676 bytes, checksum: 3228458de9103b7053a9136b5d67eb55 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-07T16:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ery Clovis Petry Jardim Junior_.pdf: 2380676 bytes, checksum: 3228458de9103b7053a9136b5d67eb55 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-28 / Nenhuma / Em diferentes subculturas de projeto, arquitetos, engenheiros e designers transitam entre dois caminhos para decidir quais serão os próximos passos a serem dados no design e projeto de produtos: o caminho do raciocínio e o caminho da intuição. Estes dois caminhos são fundamentados na teoria de Epstein (1999, 2003), denominada de teoria do processamento duplo de informações (CEST - Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory of Personality). O caminho do raciocínio ou da racionalidade é o caminho das decisões baseadas na lógica das metodologias, métodos, ferramentas e processos que o designer utiliza para avançar na projetação na medida em que as informações sobre os problemas de design vão se estruturando. O caminho da intuição ou da experiencialidade é o das decisões baseadas nas experiências ou nas vivências pessoais que o designer acumulou em processos heurísticos, nos quais as metodologias, métodos, ferramentas e processos utilizados para dar um certo próximo passo na projetação não são claras o suficiente, pois não se dispõe de todas as informações sobre o problema de design e necessita-se ‘preencher as lacunas’ para avançar na projetação. Estes dois caminhos trilhados pelos arquitetos, engenheiros e designers no design e projeto de produtos serão analisados nesta dissertação, tendo como base os estudos sobre racionalidade limitada (Simon, 1969, 1996) e intuição limitada (Kahneman 2003), contando com o Inventário Racional- Experiencial (Rational-Experiential - REI, Pacini e Epstein, 1999, 2003) como instrumento de pesquisa. O estudo foi realizado na modalidade online com 156 participantes, revelando que na análise sobre formação os Engenheiros tendem a pensar de forma mais racional e tem mais confiança ao agirem assim, e, arquitetos e designers tendem a pensar de forma mais experiencial com mais capacidade de pensar com sentimentos e intuições. Na análise sobre tempo de experiência em design e projeto de produtos os designers tendem a pensar de forma mais racional e tem mais capacidade e confiança para agirem assim. Na análise sobre nível de formação os designers tendem a pensar tanto de forma racional, como experiencial e tem mais confiança e capacidade para agirem assim. / In different project subcultures, architects, engineers, and designers move between two paths to decide what are the next steps to be taken in product design and design: the path of reasoning and the path of intuition. These two paths are grounded in Epstein's theory (1999, 2003), called the CEST (Cognitive-Experiential Self-Theory of Personality). The path of reasoning or rationality is the path of decisions based on the logic of the methodologies, methods, tools and processes that the designer uses to advance the design as the information about design problems is structured. The path of intuition or experientiality is that of the decisions based on the experiences or personal experiences that the designer accumulated in heuristic processes, in which the methodologies, methods, tools and processes used to take a certain next step in the design are not clear enough, because all the information about the design problem is not available and it is necessary to 'fill in the gaps' to advance the design. These two paths, traced by architects, engineers and designers for the design and design of products, will be analyzed in this dissertation, based on studies of limited rationality (Simon, 1969, 1996) and limited intuition (Kahneman 2003) Rational- Experiential (Rational-Experiential - REI, Pacini and Epstein, 1999, 2003) as a research tool. The study was conducted online with 156 participants, revealing that in training analysis engineers tend to think more rationally and have more confidence in doing so, and, architects and designers tend to think in a more experiential way with more ability to think with feelings and intuition. In the analysis of experience time in product design and design the designers tend to think more rationally and have more ability and confidence to do so. In the analysis of the level of training, designers tend to think in a rational, experiential way and have more confidence and ability to act in this way.

Mass production and assembly lines are yesterday’s manufacturing methods. They have exhausted Earth’s resources and limited the possibilities of design in terms of both form and material, prompting designers to search for new processes. A new generation of making includes biomimicry-inspired technologies such as 3D printing and parametric simulation, which have transformed the production paradigm. Utilizing nature as industry, this thesis explores the possibility of “growing” designed objects by employing nature’s own processes and resources. It integrates bio materials, generative design and additive manufacturing to produce objects for a post-industrial world. The project outcomes employ natural minerals, crystallization and 3D printing to develop new forms of making, proposing a new suite of tools for designers.

Estudos no campo de conforto personalizado demonstram a necessidade de se desenvolver um sistema de distribuição de ar que permita ao usuário controlar, individualmente, as condições térmicas no seu posto de trabalho. Neste contexto, um equipamento dessa natureza foi idealizado pela orientadora deste trabalho e nesse processo foi identificada a necessidade de se elaborar um método de desenvolvimento de produto com características acadêmicas para ser usado na concepção e construção do dispositivo em questão. Para atender a essa necessidade, um método de projeto foi proposto neste trabalho para ser aplicado na área de desenvolvimento tecnológico de produto e/ou novos produtos, tendo como estudo de caso o dispositivo de conforto personalizado que foi desenvolvido paralelamente por um escritório de design. O método proposto se baseou em outros métodos de projeto já consagrados e foi adequado para o que se propõe considerando seus aspectos positivos. O método proposto neste trabalho é aberto e adota três processos criativos, baseado em pesquisas nas áreas de estética, materiais, ergonomia e comportamento humano e na pesquisa científica. O método permite a inter-relação de design, tecnologia de material e engenharia para satisfazer aos pré-requisitos técnicos quanto à funcionalidade, forma, estética e custo. O método é um modelo totalmente desenvolvido no âmbito acadêmico e foi validado pelo estudo de caso, quando se procedeu à comparação do método proposto com o utilizado pelo escritório de design que desenvolveu o dispositivo propriamente dito. Pela análise comparativa dos dois métodos foi possível concluir que o método proposto é adequado para se desenvolver um produto tanto no meio acadêmico quanto na indústria. Além disso, ele apresenta um diferencial com relação aos métodos considerados: sua estrutura aberta circular e radial estimula as interferências no decorrer do projeto, fazendo com que etapas sejam acrescentadas, retiradas e/ou desdobradas de acordo com os objetivos específicos do produto em questão. / Studies in the field of personalized thermal comfort demonstrate the necessity of developing an air distribution system that allows the user to control individually the thermal conditions in their work station. In this context, such an equipment is designed for guiding this study and this process has identified the need of devising a method of product development with academic characteristics to be used in the design and construction of the device in question. To attend this need, a design method was proposed in this work to be applied in the area of technological development of products and / or new products, taking as a case study of the personal comfort device which was developed in parallel by a design office. The proposed method was based on other design methods already established and was adequate to what is proposed considering its positive aspects. The method proposed in this work is open and takes three creative processes, based on research in the areas of aesthetics, materials, ergonomics and human behavior and in scientific research. The method allows the interrelation of design, material technology and engineering to meet the technical prerequisites for functionality, shape, aesthetics, and cost. The method is a model totally developed in the academic area and was validated by case study, when compared to the proposed method used by the office design that developed the device itself. After comparative analysis of both methods it was possible to conclude that the proposed method is suitable to develop a product both in the university, and in the industry. Furthermore, it has a differential with regard to the methods considered: open structure - circular and radial that stimulates interference during the project, making steps are added, removed and / or deployed according to the specific goals of the product in question.

Für die Zulassung von Medizinprodukten ist eine geprüfte mechanische und elektrische Sicherheit und eine validierte Gebrauchstauglichkeit gesetzlich vorgeschrieben. Für den Erfolg eines Medizinproduktes ist die Umsetzung dieser Anforderungen allein nicht ausreichend. Mit dem Ziel, sowohl Anwender als auch Patienten nachhaltig zu begeistern, ist es mittlerweile notwendig, Usability Engineers und Produktdesigner in die Entwicklung einzubeziehen. Je frühzeitiger dies gelingt, umso größer ist das Potential des nutzerzentrierten Designs und damit die Wahrscheinlichkeit des Markterfolges. Aufgrund der zunehmenden Komplexität und der immer kürzer werdenden Entwicklungszeiten erfordert dies ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis der relevanten Normen und Regularien bei den beteiligten Partnern. [... aus der Zusammenfassung]

I denna rapport kommer en processen av hur en glasfiberprodukt kan designas med utgångspunkt av en likvärdig produkt gjord i stål genomföras. Arbetet är gjort från uppdrag utav Roxtec international AB och handlar om designarbetet för en glasfiberram.Arbetet har gjorts med samarbete med Roxtec och utgår ifrån deras idéer om att designa en ny produkt för att hjälpa dem att få in sin produkt i fler marknader. I detta fall handlar det om att ha en glasfiberram gjord med långa fibrer för att kunna installera Roxtecs produkter i glasfiberskepp och båtar utan att bryta vissa certifikationer. Ramen används för att hålla tätningsmoduler på plats. Dessa tätningsmoduler pressas ihop vilket ger ett stort tryck på ramen.En stor del av arbetet handlar också om att ta reda på vilka olika tillverkningsmetoder som finns för glasfiber och hur de funkar med de koncepten som slutligen tas fram.I de första delarna av rapporten finns bakgrundsinformation om Roxtec och sedan information om de olika tillverkningsmetoderna som finns. Sedan går det vidare med information om de olika metoderna som används för att ta fram resultatet. Efter det fortsätter rapporten genom att visa ett antal koncept som sedan dimensioneras mot kraven som sätts på produkten.I den sista delen av rapporten ges sedan en rekommendation utifrån resultaten till Roxtec om vilken tillverkningsmetod som är lämplig och även en slutgiltig design på en glasfiberram. / In this report, a process of how a fiberglass product can be designed on the basis of an equivalent product made of steel be performed. The work is done through an assignment from Roxtec International AB and is about the design work for a fiberglass frame.The work has been done with cooperation with Roxtec and assumes their ideas about designing a new product in order to help them to get their product into more markets. In this case it is about a fiberglass frame made with long fibers in order to install Roxtec's products in fiberglass ships and boats without breaking certain certifications. The frame is used to hold the sealing modules in place. The sealing modules are then compressed which puts a heavy pressure on the frame.A large part of the work is also about finding out what different manufacturing methods there are for fiberglass and how they work with the concepts that will be developed.The first parts of the report provides background information about Roxtec and then information on the different manufacturing methods available. Then it provides information on the various methods used to produce the result. The report continues by displaying a number of concepts which are then designed to the requirements set on the product.In the last part of the report is a recommendation is given based on the results to Roxtec about which manufacturing method is appropriate and also a final design on a fiberglass frame.

The work described provides the development, implementation and evaluation of engineering product design guidelines suitable for engineering product designers. The motivation arises from collaborative efforts that continue to be made by the Least Economically Developed Countries (LDC) and the Most Economically Developed Countries (MDC) towards the development of the engineering design field. It is argued here that product design guidelines which are derived from existing product design methods enhance the capability of engineering designers to shorten time to market, deal adequately with product design constraints and boost supply chains. The sample for the proposed study is comprised of companies in Botswana (a least economically developed country) and the United Kingdom (a most economically developed country). The research has been conducted using a mixed qualitative research approach comprised of aspects from the framework method, cluster analysis and Kolb's model. The findings have identified five themes central to the product design process which are incorporated into the engineering product design guidelines. Case study work was conducted to validate the approach. The following claims are made for contributions to knowledge: 1. A conceptual framework which is a graphical co-ordinate system of engineering and management techniques required by nine engineering product design methods. The conceptual framework is arranged according to two orthogonal axes that describe the structure of the product design process and incorporate the need function form structure, the divergent convergent structure, the product design drivers, product realisation process and product development lifecycles. 2. The product design method notation which is a register of the expressions derived from the conceptual framework and is used to communicate and aid in the selection of a group of techniques being implemented, or intended for implementation by design teams; and 3. The configuration scheme which provides a clear link between components, subassemblies, products, projects, programmes and policies. The critical point put forward by this work is that the conceptual framework is only comprehensible today because the engineering product design methods in the public domain have imparted knowledge about the functions of physical products (described here as part of the need function form structure) at the expense of human needs and the interactive forms of human responses to physical products. The contributions of this research provide a holistic and coherent means of integrating design methodologies for the benefit of design teams in Botswana. The approach is, however, universal and may also be beneficial for design projects in the most economically developed countries.