The field of psychological assessment in South African schools faces many challenges at present. To be able to meaningfully respond to these challenges, it was important to gain an understanding of how psychological assessment is being perceived by educators, whether as being necessary (or not), in their workplace. The study aimed to gather information and generate knowledge in order to provide some pointers about the educators’ perceived use of psychological assessment measures. Thereafter, analyse their perceptions in terms of these assessments. It was a mixed study using both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The proposed sample was seventy-five (n = 75) educators from former model-c and township schools. Data was collected through the use of a self-response questionnaire (quantitative) and then used to identify themes. The identified themes were then used for discussion in focus group interviews (qualitative). Descriptive and thematic content analysis were used for the interpretation of the research data and triangulation thereof.

Approximately 30% of adolescents in the United States have engaged in delinquent acts. Juvenile delinquency is related to the development of Conduct Disorder and other mental health disorders including: Substance Abuse, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Depression and Anxiety. Within the juvenile court system, mental health assessments are utilized in order to identify the complex treatment needs of juvenile offenders; however, implementation of the report recommendations is challenging. This project explored the implementation and adherence of psychological recommendations completed in the Second Judicial Circuit Redeploy Illinois program, a juvenile diversion program. Effectiveness of the psychological assessments conducted in the Redeploy program at reducing commitment to the Illinois Department of Juvenile Justice was evaluated. A process evaluation examined the sample of youth who completed assessments, determined who received reports, and evaluated recommendation adherence, barriers to treatment, and perceived effectiveness of recommendations. Information was collected via reviews of archival data and surveys distributed to legal guardians, probation officers, judges and administrators. An outcome evaluation was completed to determine whether Recommendation Adherence and Program Completion predicted reduced days in detention or commitment to IDJJ within six months following the psychological assessment. Age, ratings of parent and child relationships, and intellectual ability were explored as individual predictors of days in detention and sentencing to IDJJ. Results of the process evaluation indicated that juvenile offenders completing psychological assessments within the Redeploy Illinois program were similar to the national profile of juvenile offenders. Psychological reports were distributed to probation officers, judges and administrators appropriately; however, legal guardians received reports less frequently and indicated that reports were less effective than other stakeholders. Nevertheless, the psychological assessments were successful at completing the intended goals of the Redeploy program. Adherence to recommended interventions was very low for all youth. Barriers to recommendation adherence included lack of social support, unavailable services and feelings that recommendations were inappropriate. Recommendation adherence did not significantly predict the number of days in detention, nor commitments to IDJJ, but successful program completion was a significant predictor. Interpretations of these findings and recommendations were provided to help improve psychological assessments within the Second Judicial Circuit Redeploy Program.

This dissertation investigated the effects of infusing therapeutic assessment practices into school-based psychological assessments on parent experience. Fourteen assessment professionals from a medium sized public school district in central Texas were assigned to one of two groups based upon previous exposure to Finn’s Therapeutic Assessment (2003) model. Those in the Therapeutic Assessment-infused (TA-I) group were trained on collaborative assessment concepts, while those in the standard practice group were asked to conduct assessments as usual, while being required to conduct initial and feedback meetings with parents. Outcomes were measured using the Parent Experience of Assessment Survey – I (PEAS-I), Parents’ Positive and Negative Emotions (PPNE), the Experience of School Investment and Collaboration Scale (ESICS), and post-interviews with parents and assessors. Parent ratings from both groups were compared using a MANOVA. It was hypothesized that parents in the TA-I group would report having learned more, more positive parent/assessor and child/assessor relationships, more collaboration with the assessor, less negative emotion related to the assessment, and a higher perception of family involvement in their child’s problems. Parents in the TA-I group were also hypothesized to report a greater sense of home-school collaboration and school investment in their child. Finally, it was proposed that parents in the TA-I group would report feeling more positive and less negative about their child’s future. The group difference was not statistically significant, due in part to limited sample size. However, small to medium effect sizes were achieved for several outcome scales, including parents’ positive emotions following participation, positive parent-assessor relationship, and parental sense of collaboration throughout the assessment. An exploratory measure indicated a significantly greater sense of future collaboration with their child’s school for parents in the TA-I group. Post-participation interviews indicated clear appreciations of the TA-I model. Parents experiencing standard practice assessments, however, also expressed high satisfaction, though the requirement of two face-to-face parent meetings may have contributed to a notable departure from standard practice. Results suggest that infusing TA-I practices into school assessments may be effective in increasing parental satisfaction and home-school collaboration. Further research is warranted, and discussion of potential improvements for future research is provided. / text

Whereas traditional models of psychological assessment have emphasized the use of standardized data to inform treatment or communicate about a client, collaborative/therapeutic approaches have focused on engaging clients in a relationship based on mutuality and alliance, wherein the assessment process is experienced as accessible and beneficial – potentially acting as a therapeutic intervention in and of itself (Finn, 2007; Finn & Tonsager, 1997). Although various forms of collaborative assessment have been practiced with adults, adolescents, and children, and have shown promise clinically, research is scant regarding the efficacy of this approach in the school context. The dearth of research evaluating the use of collaborative/therapeutic assessment models in schools is a valuable area of inquiry, both because psychological assessment is practiced frequently in schools, and because, beginning in 1997, amendments to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) called for increased student involvement in special education processes (Texas Education Agency, Office of Special Education, 2004). Such increased student involvement could be facilitated through the use of collaborative/therapeutic assessment methods in schools. The present study used a multiple baseline, single-case design to explore how participation in a school-based psychological assessment utilizing elements of collaborative/therapeutic assessment would affect six Central Texas high school students. The assessment was hypothesized to be an intervention that would positively affect the youths’ perceptions of their self-determination, self-efficacy, and internal locus of control. The study also explored how the intervention affected students’ self knowledge, and feelings of therapeutic alliance with the assessor, as well as their satisfaction with the assessment. Results indicated that, following their participation in the assessment intervention, students evidenced: (1) shifts towards a more internal locus of control, (2) increased ratings of therapeutic alliance, (3) increased ratings of self knowledge, and (4) satisfaction with the assessment intervention. This study offers a promising framework for the use of collaborative/therapeutic assessment methods within the school context as a means through which to empower students receiving special education services. / text

O Teste d2 é um dos instrumentos de avaliação psicológica mais utilizados internacionalmente para mensuração da atenção concentrada e seu sucessor, o Teste d2-R, foi concebido para acrescentar melhorias fundamentais tanto no material, quanto nas instruções de aplicação e forma de avaliação. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar estudos psicométricos de padronização deste teste referentes ao estabelecimento de normas, evidências de validade e precisão. A amostra de padronização foi composta por 910 sujeitos voluntários, sendo 74,29% do sexo feminino e 25,71% do sexo masculino, com idades entre 17 e 69 anos (M=28,96 e DP=8,74) e escolaridade variando do ensino fundamental completo ao superior completo, residentes na cidade de São Paulo. A precisão foi investigada por meio da consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach e método das metades, e a validade foi obtida pela correlação com os testes de atenção concentrada d2 e AC, e os Testes G-36, G-38 e Raven Avançado (série I e II) foram usados para investigar a relação entre a atenção e a inteligência. O d2-R fornece medidas para os totais de Objetos Alvos Processados (OAP), Desempenho de Concentração (DC), Erros de Omissão (EO), Erros de Troca (ET) e Porcentagem de Erros (E%). A Análise de Variância em função das variáveis sexo, faixa etária e nível de escolaridade para todas as medidas indicou diferenças entre as médias dos grupos apenas para OAP e DC em função da idade e escolaridade. Também foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre os sexos para EO, apenas na faixa etária de 29 a 38 anos. Foram estabelecidas as normas em percentis para a amostra total, por nível de escolaridade e por faixa etária, e para o EO na faixa etária indicada para os dois sexos. A precisão pelo método das metades entre blocos pares e ímpares, corrigida pela fórmula de Spearman-Brown, foi superior a 0,900 para todas as variáveis, exceto para o Erro de Troca, na faixa de 39 a 69 anos e para o ensino fundamental/médio e o superior completo, sendo suas correlações, respectivamente, 0,828; 0,848 e 0,883. Para amostra, total os coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach variaram entre 0,901 e 0,966, relacionados ao OAP, DC, E%, EO, sendo considerados bastante elevados. Somente em relação ao ET os valores obtidos foram um pouco mais baixos, entre 0,816 e 0,970, mas ainda assim, indicando uma consistência elevada. Quanto à validade foram encontrados iv coeficientes estatisticamente significantes com o AC e o d2, confirmando a validade do d2-R. Foram encontradas correlações baixas, porém estatisticamente significantes ao nível de 0,01 entre os resultados do DC do d2-R e o Teste G-36, bem como entre OAP e DC do d2-R e os Testes G-38 e Raven Avançado Série II, indicando que a atenção é uma aptidão relacionada à inteligência, embora as duas capacidades sejam independentes. Os resultados confirmam as qualidades psicométricas do Teste d2-R para a amostra da cidade de São Paulo / The d2 Test is a psychological assessment tool widely used in most countries to measure concentrated attention. Its successor, the d2-R Test, was devised to carry out relevant improvements in the testing material, instructions for its administration and procedure for assessment. The current research aimed at doing psychometric studies for standardization of the d2-R, establishing norms, evidence of validity and reliability. The standardization sample was composed of 910 volunteers, 74.29% of whom were women and 25.71% were men. The age range was 17-69 years (M=28.96 and SD=8.74), their educational level varied from elementary school to college graduates and all participants lived in São Paulo city, Brazil. Cronbachs alpha and split-half method were used to investigate internal consistency reliability whereas validity was examined by correlating d2-R with concentrated attention tests d2 and AC. The relationship between attention and intelligence was investigated by means of Tests G-36, G-38 and Raven\'s Advanced Progressive Matrices (set I and set II). The d2-R Test provides measures for the total number of Target Object Processed (TOP), Concentration Performance (CP), Errors of Omission (EO), Errors of Commission (EC) and Error Percentage (E%). Analysis of Variance comprising gender, age range and education variables for all measures indicated differences in means among groups only for TOP and CP in relation to age and education. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was also observed between sexes for EO, although only in the 29-38 age range. Percentile norms were established for total sample, in accordance with education and age range, and for EO in accordance with the age range applicable for both genders The odd-even split-half reliability, corrected by the Spearman-Brown formula, was above 0.900 for all variables, except for Errors of Commission in the 39-69 age range (0.828), and for middle school (0.848) and college (0.883). Cronbachs alpha coefficients for reliability varied from 0.901 to 0.966 in relation to PTO, CP, E%, EO, which is considered very high. Even though the Error of Commission coefficients were slightly lower (0.816 0.970), it still indicates a high vi internal consistency. As for validity, the coefficients were statistically significant when correlating with AC and d2, which confirms the validity of the d2-R. The correlation coefficients were low, although statistically significant at the 0.01 level in reference to CP in d2-R and Test G-36 and also PTO and CP from d2-R and Test G-38 and Raven (set II), which suggests that attention is a skill related to intelligence, even though both aptitudes are independent. Results confirm the psychometric qualities of the d2-R Test for the sample from São Paulo city

As escolas públicas têm procurado psicólogos da rede pública e particular para realizarem avaliações psicológicas em várias crianças com histórias de fracasso escolar. Muitas são as críticas já formuladas em relação às práticas da saúde, cúmplices da produção do fracasso escolar, que focalizam seu olhar na criança encaminhada culpando-a pelo seu fracasso. Essas críticas revelam que as causas desse fracasso são encontradas nos mecanismos institucionais e nas relações que perpassam o dia-a-dia das escolas públicas. Este trabalho tem como objetivo construir uma forma de avaliar e problematizar as relações, os campos de forças nos quais ocorrem os encaminhamentos de crianças para avaliação psicológica e descrever essa realidade. Foram-nos encaminhados 139 alunos de 22 escolas estaduais (da 14a DE-SP). O processo de avaliação, realizado nas escolas, consistiu em pesquisar a história escolar das crianças, as características de suas salas de aula, os bastidores do encaminhamento, as versões das professoras, pais e crianças, os efeitos das ações da escola sobre as crianças e a expectativa da escola em relação ao trabalho do psicólogo. Foram entregues relatórios sobre as crianças e as escolas contendo essas informações, nosso objetivo e concepções. Várias crianças encaminhadas eram consideradas \"lentas\" por suas professoras. Em 33,1% dos casos foi pedido laudo para enviar as crianças para a classe especial. A maioria dos encaminhamentos (88,4%) eram explicados, pelas professoras, através de mitos que foram problematizados com elas. A expectativa em relação ao trabalho foi que se realizasse uma avaliação individual da criança em 59,7% dos casos e um trabalho de interlocução com as professoras em 32,4%. Foi frequente o sentimento de incapacidade nas crianças e de solidão nas professoras. As justificativas utilizadas para enviar as crianças para avaliação estavam relacionadas em 18,0% dos casos a questões institucionais e em 82,0%, a motivos individuais. Destes últimos, 84,2% não apresentaram, durante nosso trabalho, as atitudes referidas pelas professoras como justificativas para o encaminhamento. A expectativa de uma avaliação individual da criança, a existência de mitos por parte das professoras e de problemas individuais nas crianças não impedem que o rumo de uma história escolar, que tende para a estigmatização, seja alterado. Há associação estatisticamente significante entre a possibilidade de discutir o trabalho com as professoras e a alteração das relações e histórias escolares. Foi possível problematizar a história escolar de 88,5% das crianças encaminhadas ao se criar estratégias para pensar os encaminhamentos, estabelecendo relações entre as várias versões, as expectativas e apropriações que vão se dando em relação ao trabalho, e as práticas e efeitos que elas encerram. Avaliar é algo que se dá em movimento, sempre produz efeitos. Problematizar a produção de um encaminhamento implica movimentá-lo. / The public schools have looked for psychologists of the public and private sectors to carry out psychological assessment in several children presenting a history of school failure. Many are the criticisms already formulated in relation to the practices of the health service, accomplices of the production of the school failure, which focus their attention on the child being advised, blaming her for the failure. These criticisms reveal that the causes of this failure are to be found in the institutional mechanisms and in the relations woven in the day-to-day of the public schools. The objective of this work is to build a form to assess and render as a problem the relations, the fields of forces, in which the children are referred to a psychological assessment and describe this reality. 139 students of 22 state schools have been directed to our care. The process of assessment, carried out in the schools, consisted in researching the school history of the children, the characteristics of their classrooms, the background for their being referred, the version of the teachers, parents and children, the effects on children of the actions taken by the school and the expectation of the school with regard to the work of the psychologist. Several children being advised were considered \"slow\"by their teachers. 33,1% of the cases an appraisal to send the children to a special class has been asked. 88,4% were explained, by the teachers, through myths which were rendered as a problem together with them. The expectation with regard to the work was that an individual assessment of the child be carried out in 59,7% of the cases and a work of interlocution with the teachers in 32,4%.. The feeling of incapacity in the children and loneliness in the teachers was frequently reported. The explanations used to send the children to an assessment were related in 18,0% of the cases to institutional issues and in 82,0% of the cases to individual reasons.Out of the latter, 84,2% did not present, during our work, the attitudes referred to by the teachers as accounting for their being advised. The expectation of an individual assessment of the child, the existence of myths on the teachers side and of individual problems in the children do not prevent that the destiny of a school history, which tends to stigmatization, be altered. There is statistically significant association between the possibility of discussing the work with the teachers and the alteration of relations and the school histories. It was possible to render as a problem the school history of 88,5% of the children advised by creating strategies to think the fact of their being directed, establishing relations among the several versions, the expectations and appropriations which occur in relation to the work, and the practices and effects they encompass. Assessing is something which happens in movement, it always yields effects. To render as a problem the act of referring a child to an assessment means to give movement to it.

O Teste Toulouse-Pierón foi um dos primeiros instrumentos de avaliação objetiva da atenção concentrada, dando origem a muitos outros, em vários países, incluindo o Brasil. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar uma nova padronização deste teste, com normas, estudos de precisão e validade e bibliografia atualizada, de modo a obter os requisitos mínimos necessários para sua aprovação pelo Conselho Federal de Psicologia (CFP), de acordo com a Resolução N º 002/2003 do CFP. Para o estabelecimento das normas os participantes foram 701 sujeitos voluntários, de ambos os sexos, com idade e escolaridade variável, residentes na cidade de São Paulo e Osasco. A amostra foi constituída por alunos de cursos de Ensino Supletivo Fundamental e Médio de escolas públicas e particulares, cursos de nível Superior e Superior Tecnológico em faculdades públicas e particulares e de candidatos a processos seletivos para preenchimento de vagas de trabalho em empresas privadas. Deste modo, obteve-se uma amostra composta por três níveis de escolaridade, a saber, ensino fundamental, médio e superior. A precisão foi investigada por meio do reteste, tendo sido obtidos coeficientes significantes para a rapidez, qualidade e omissões, mas não para os erros. A validade simultânea foi investigada em relação aos testes AC e D2 e o Teste das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven Escala Avançada foi usado para verificar a relação entre a atenção e a inteligência. A Análise de Variância em função das variáveis faixa etária, sexo e nível de escolaridade para a Rapidez do Toulouse-Pierón indicou diferenças nos resultados apenas para as duas últimas variáveis, sendo que a diferença entre os sexos somente ocorreu para amostra de nível superior. Foram estabelecidas as normas em percentis para a amostra global, por nível de escolaridade e por sexo para o nível Superior. Quanto à validade foram encontrados coeficientes estatisticamente significantes com os resultados do AC e do D2, confirmando a validade do Toulouse Pierón. A correlação do resultado de Rapidez com o Raven foi significante, mas baixa, uma vez que a atenção contribui para o desenvolvimento da inteligência, porém elas constituem duas capacidades independentes. Os resultados confirmam as qualidades psicométricas do Teste Toulouse-Pierón e indicam a necessidade ii do uso de tabelas diferenciadas em função do nível de escolaridade. Também ficou evidenciada a necessidade de estabelecer limite tempo de aplicação menor principalmente para o nível de escolaridade Superior / Toulouse-Pierón test was one of the first tools for an accurate assessment of concentrated attention and it preceded numerous others in many countries, including Brazil. The present study aims at setting new standards for this test, establishing criteria, with validity and reliability studies and an updated bibliography in order to obtain the minimum requirements for its approval in the Federal Council of Psychology (Conselho Federal de Psicologia - CFP) in accordance with its Resolution no 002/003.To establish the criteria, 701 subjects were used. They were both male and female volunteers, varied in age and educational background, all resident in the cities of São Paulo and Osasco. The sample was taken from private and public elementary and secondary adult education programs, college courses, technical college courses and job selection processes for the private sector. Thus a sample with three different educational levels - elementary, secondary and higher education - was obtained. Reliability was investigated by means of the test-retest method. Although the coefficient of Error was randomic, significant coefficients of Speed, Quality and Omission were verified. Concurrent validity was investigated in relation to AC and D2 concentrated attention tests and Ravens Progressive Matrices Test - Advanced Scale was used to verify the correlation between attention and intelligence. Analysis of variance by age rage, gender and educational levels indicated significant differences in the Speed scores on basis of educational level in the Toulouse-Pierón Test. Also the difference in relation to gender was significant only in the higher education group. Percentile norms were established for the global sample, for each educational level and for gender in the higher education sample. Statistically significant correlation coefficients were found to the results of the AC and D2 tests, confirming the validity of the Toulouse-Pierón Test. The correlation between the Speed scores and Raven test was significant, but low, indicating iv that they are independent abilities and that attention contributes for the development of intelligence. The results have confirmed the psychometric qualities of the Toulouse- Pierón Test and pointed out the need for specific standards for different education levels as well as the need for setting a shorter time limit, particularly when assessing the higher education group

A Psicologia do Esporte é uma especialidade da Psicologia. A prática tem sido produzida junto aos técnicos, atletas e demais membros da equipe de esporte e tem conquistado uma constante valorização do conhecimento produzido, mas o reconhecimento pleno ainda está distante de ser alcançado. Os estudos da liderança do técnico são uma das vertentes das pesquisas atuais por ser uma variável de grande influência sobre o desempenho dos atletas e no clima motivacional dos treinamentos e das competições em si. A presente Dissertação teve como objetivo verificar os estilos de liderança e a flexibilidade de estilos em técnicos esportivos de modalidades coletivas, utilizando-se o Teste de Liderança Situacional (TLS) desenvolvido por Agostinho Minicucci com base na teoria 3D de Reddin. Foram comparados os resultados obtidos entre uma amostra de 23 técnicos de categorias de base (formação) e uma amostra de 12 técnicos de equipes adultas (alto nível). Para as análises estatísticas, a diferença entre as médias foi realizada através do teste t de Student (grupos independentes), adotando-se um nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos técnicos (56% formação e 75% alto nível) utilizam como estilo de liderança dominante o estilo integrado, que é quando o comportamento orientado para a tarefa e o comportamento orientado para as relações são utilizados em grande quantidade. Observou-se também que o estilo de sustentação adotado por ambos os grupos é o estilo relacionado, sendo que o estilo separado é o estilo menos valorizado, também por ambos os grupos. Embora os resultados indiquem uma concordância dos grupos em relação aos estilos dominante, de sustentação e sobre-rechaçado, verificou-se que os técnicos de alto nível, em suas respostas, utilizam com maior intensidade o estilo integrado (p<0,05) e dedicado (p<0,10). Quanto à flexibilidade com que os grupos apresentam os variados estilos de liderança, observou-se que os técnicos de alto nível possuem uma tendência a serem mais rígidos em seu estilo dominante em relação aos técnicos das equipes de formação. Os estilos de liderança, assim identificados, podem ser ferramentas estratégicas do psicólogo do esporte para que este possa auxiliar de modo eficaz uma melhor condução da relação técnico-atleta como integrantes de um par educativo. / Sports Psychology is a Psychology specialty that has been developed in conjunction with coaches, athletes and other members of the sports team. The resulting knowledge has been gaining increasing acceptance, but is still far from being fully recognized. Studies in coaching leadership constitute one of the branches of current research, given that this variable has an enormous influence on athletic performance and the motivational climate of training sessions and actual competitions. The objective of this paper is to identify leadership styles and their flexibility in coaches of team sports using the Situational Leadership Test (SLT), developed by Agostinho Minicucci based on Reddins 3-D theory. The results from a sample of 23 coaches of base categories (development) and 12 coaches of adult teams (high level) were compared. In the statistical analysis, the difference between the groups was calculated through Pearson\'s chi-square test and the quantitative variables were compared through Student\'s t test (independent groups), with a significance level of 5%. The results show that the dominant leadership style of most coaches (56% in the development category and 75% in the high-level category) is the integrated style, i.e. when both task-oriented and relationship-oriented behaviors are largely used. We also observed that the sustainment style of both groups is the related style, with the separate style being less valued for both groups. Although the results indicate an agreement in the behavior of the groups in relation to dominant, sustainment and most rejected styles, the high-level coaches ave higher grades to the integrated style (p<0.05) and the dedicated style (p<0.10) than those of development coaches. In terms of the flexibility with which the groups present the various leadership styles,it was observed that high-level coaches tend to be stricter in their dominant style than coaches of development teams. Leadership styles, duly identified, may constitute strategic tools for sports psychologists, enabling them to effectively improve coachathlete interaction by treating them as members of an educational pair.

O Teste d2 é um dos instrumentos de avaliação psicológica mais utilizados internacionalmente para mensuração da atenção concentrada e seu sucessor, o Teste d2-R, foi concebido para acrescentar melhorias fundamentais tanto no material, quanto nas instruções de aplicação e forma de avaliação. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo realizar estudos psicométricos de padronização deste teste referentes ao estabelecimento de normas, evidências de validade e precisão. A amostra de padronização foi composta por 910 sujeitos voluntários, sendo 74,29% do sexo feminino e 25,71% do sexo masculino, com idades entre 17 e 69 anos (M=28,96 e DP=8,74) e escolaridade variando do ensino fundamental completo ao superior completo, residentes na cidade de São Paulo. A precisão foi investigada por meio da consistência interna pelo alfa de Cronbach e método das metades, e a validade foi obtida pela correlação com os testes de atenção concentrada d2 e AC, e os Testes G-36, G-38 e Raven Avançado (série I e II) foram usados para investigar a relação entre a atenção e a inteligência. O d2-R fornece medidas para os totais de Objetos Alvos Processados (OAP), Desempenho de Concentração (DC), Erros de Omissão (EO), Erros de Troca (ET) e Porcentagem de Erros (E%). A Análise de Variância em função das variáveis sexo, faixa etária e nível de escolaridade para todas as medidas indicou diferenças entre as médias dos grupos apenas para OAP e DC em função da idade e escolaridade. Também foi encontrada diferença estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) entre os sexos para EO, apenas na faixa etária de 29 a 38 anos. Foram estabelecidas as normas em percentis para a amostra total, por nível de escolaridade e por faixa etária, e para o EO na faixa etária indicada para os dois sexos. A precisão pelo método das metades entre blocos pares e ímpares, corrigida pela fórmula de Spearman-Brown, foi superior a 0,900 para todas as variáveis, exceto para o Erro de Troca, na faixa de 39 a 69 anos e para o ensino fundamental/médio e o superior completo, sendo suas correlações, respectivamente, 0,828; 0,848 e 0,883. Para amostra, total os coeficientes de Alfa de Cronbach variaram entre 0,901 e 0,966, relacionados ao OAP, DC, E%, EO, sendo considerados bastante elevados. Somente em relação ao ET os valores obtidos foram um pouco mais baixos, entre 0,816 e 0,970, mas ainda assim, indicando uma consistência elevada. Quanto à validade foram encontrados iv coeficientes estatisticamente significantes com o AC e o d2, confirmando a validade do d2-R. Foram encontradas correlações baixas, porém estatisticamente significantes ao nível de 0,01 entre os resultados do DC do d2-R e o Teste G-36, bem como entre OAP e DC do d2-R e os Testes G-38 e Raven Avançado Série II, indicando que a atenção é uma aptidão relacionada à inteligência, embora as duas capacidades sejam independentes. Os resultados confirmam as qualidades psicométricas do Teste d2-R para a amostra da cidade de São Paulo / The d2 Test is a psychological assessment tool widely used in most countries to measure concentrated attention. Its successor, the d2-R Test, was devised to carry out relevant improvements in the testing material, instructions for its administration and procedure for assessment. The current research aimed at doing psychometric studies for standardization of the d2-R, establishing norms, evidence of validity and reliability. The standardization sample was composed of 910 volunteers, 74.29% of whom were women and 25.71% were men. The age range was 17-69 years (M=28.96 and SD=8.74), their educational level varied from elementary school to college graduates and all participants lived in São Paulo city, Brazil. Cronbachs alpha and split-half method were used to investigate internal consistency reliability whereas validity was examined by correlating d2-R with concentrated attention tests d2 and AC. The relationship between attention and intelligence was investigated by means of Tests G-36, G-38 and Raven\'s Advanced Progressive Matrices (set I and set II). The d2-R Test provides measures for the total number of Target Object Processed (TOP), Concentration Performance (CP), Errors of Omission (EO), Errors of Commission (EC) and Error Percentage (E%). Analysis of Variance comprising gender, age range and education variables for all measures indicated differences in means among groups only for TOP and CP in relation to age and education. Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was also observed between sexes for EO, although only in the 29-38 age range. Percentile norms were established for total sample, in accordance with education and age range, and for EO in accordance with the age range applicable for both genders The odd-even split-half reliability, corrected by the Spearman-Brown formula, was above 0.900 for all variables, except for Errors of Commission in the 39-69 age range (0.828), and for middle school (0.848) and college (0.883). Cronbachs alpha coefficients for reliability varied from 0.901 to 0.966 in relation to PTO, CP, E%, EO, which is considered very high. Even though the Error of Commission coefficients were slightly lower (0.816 0.970), it still indicates a high vi internal consistency. As for validity, the coefficients were statistically significant when correlating with AC and d2, which confirms the validity of the d2-R. The correlation coefficients were low, although statistically significant at the 0.01 level in reference to CP in d2-R and Test G-36 and also PTO and CP from d2-R and Test G-38 and Raven (set II), which suggests that attention is a skill related to intelligence, even though both aptitudes are independent. Results confirm the psychometric qualities of the d2-R Test for the sample from São Paulo city

Therapeutic Assessment (TA), a semi-structured form of collaborative assessment that combines psychological assessment with individual and family therapy techniques, has emerged as an innovative and promising short-term family systems intervention for children and their families and potentially with adolescents. The goal for the study was to explore the utility of TA with adolescents (TA-A) as an effective short-term family intervention for adolescents. The study used an interrupted time-series design to follow three adolescents as they took part in a TA-A with their families. Participants were adolescents who presented with behavioral, emotional, and/or interpersonal difficulties. They were referred by either a local community mental health clinic or practitioners in private practice who believed they and their families would benefit from a TA-A. Participants completed daily measures of family functioning before, during, and after the TA-A. Additionally, the participants completed longer standardized repeated measures of family functioning and were interviewed about their experience of TA-A throughout the different phases of the TA-A. Simulation Modeling Analysis (SMA) revealed that none of the participants reported improvements on daily measures of family functioning. However, repeated measures revealed improvements in family functioning for all participants either at the conclusion of the TA-A and/or at Follow-up. Qualitatively, all three participants provided various levels of feedback about the positive impact of TA-A on their family. Themes across the cases, as well as limitations and future direction, are discussed. / text