FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as caracterÃsticas operacionais (produtividade, eficiÃncia de deposiÃÃo, diluiÃÃo, geometria do cordÃo de solda, custo) e metalÃrgicas (microestrutura, resistÃncia à corrosÃo, propriedades mecÃnicas) de revestimentos de ligas de nÃquel depositados pelo processo plasma pà aplicado internamente em tubos API. Foram utilizadas as ligas de nÃquel Inconel 625 e Hastelloy C-276. Inicialmente foi realizado um estudo preliminar para conhecer os parÃmetros iniciais de soldagem. Em seguida, foi realizado um estudo definitivo com simples deposiÃÃo, aplicando o MÃtodo Taguchi com intuito de selecionar os melhores parÃmetros de cada fator de controle do processo de soldagem plasma pà em um nÃmero reduzido de experimentos. Posteriormente foi realizado um estudo de sobreposiÃÃo de passes e entÃo foi realizada a soldagem definitiva de revestimentos. Nos revestimentos soldados foram realizadas anÃlises das caracterÃsticas geomÃtricas e diluiÃÃo, alÃm de uma caracterizaÃÃo metalÃrgica com uso de microscopia Ãtica, microscopia eletrÃnica de varredura e anÃlise de composiÃÃo quÃmica por EDX. Ainda foram realizadas anÃlises das propriedades mecÃnicas dos revestimentos por meio de ensaios de microdureza, bem como anÃlise de resistÃncia à corrosÃo atravÃs do mÃtodo C da norma ASTM G48-03. Os resultados mostraram que o MÃtodo Taguchi proporcionou uma excelente seleÃÃo de parÃmetros para soldagem de revestimentos. Alguns revestimentos soldados apresentaram baixos nÃveis de diluiÃÃo. A microestrutura dos revestimentos soldados com a liga Inconel 625 foi constituÃda de uma matriz , com precipitaÃÃo de fases secundÃrias tipo Laves, ricas em niÃbio, e carbonitretos de titÃnio e niÃbio. Jà a microestrutura da liga Hastelloy C-276 foi constituÃda de uma matriz  com precipitaÃÃo de fases secundÃrias P e , sendo esta Ãltima fase uma transformaÃÃo parcial da fase P, e ambas as fases ricas em molibdÃnio. Em relaÃÃo Ãs propriedades mecÃnicas, a liga Hastelloy C-276 apresentou maiores nÃveis de dureza comparada com a liga Inconel 625. Jà na resistÃncia a corrosÃo dos revestimentos soldados, a liga Hastelloy C-276 apresentou uma Temperatura CrÃtica de Pite (TCP) em 60 ÂC. Enquanto a liga Inconel 625 apresentou uma TCP de 75 ÂC. / The aim of this study was to evaluate the operational characteristics (productivity, efficiency deposition, dilution of the weld bead geometry and cost) and metallurgical (microstructure, corrosion resistance, mechanical properties) of weld overlay with nickel-based alloys deposited by powder plasma process, applied internally in API pipes. Inconel 625 and Hastelloy C-276 nickel-based alloys were used. A preliminary study was conducted to understand the initial welding parameters and then a definitive study with simple deposition and applying Taguchi method was performed. The Taguchi method was used to select the best parameters of each factor of control in powder plasma welding using a short number of experiments. A study of overlapping passes to subsequent coatings definitive welding was performed. Analysis of geometric characteristics and dilution were performed in welded coatings, and a metallurgical characterization was accomplished using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and EDX. Analysis mechanical properties of the coatings were performed by microhardness tests and it was performed analysis of corrosion resistance using the C method of standard ASTM G48-03. The results showed that the Taguchi method provided excellent selection of welding parameters for coatings. The coatings showed conditions welded to dilution levels low. The microstructure of the coatings welded with Inconel 625 alloy was composed of , with precipitation of secondary phases of the Laves type, rich in niobium, and titanium and niobium carbonitrides. The microstructure of the alloy Hastelloy C-276 was consisted of  with precipitation of secondary phases like  and P, both phases were rich in molybdenum. The mechanical properties the Hastelloy C -276 alloy showed higher levels of hardness compared to Inconel 625 alloy. The Hastelloy C-276 showed a Critical Pitting Temperature (TCP) at 60 ÂC. While Inconel 625 alloy exhibited a TCP, at 75 ÂC.

L'intégrité des portées d'étanchéité des robinets des centrales REP nécessite l'emploi de revêtements durs comme par exemple le Norem02, base Fe, déposé par soudage PTA (Plasma Transferred Arc). La prédiction de leur tenue en service nécessite la connaissance de leur état mécanique en fin de fabrication. Pour cela, la simulation numérique du procédé de dépôt doit être effectuée. La microstructure du Norem02 est essentiellement constituée d'une matrice austénitique parsemée d'ilôts de ferrite et de carbures. Son évolution et ses éventuelles transformations allotropiques sont étudiées durant des cycles thermiques représentatifs de ceux subis par le matériau au cours du dépôt, amenant à la conclusion que l'évolution métallurgique de l'alliage n'a que très peu d'influence sur ses propriétés mécaniques. En s'appuyant sur des essais jusqu'à 1000°C de dilatométrie libre, de traction isotherme, ainsi que de traction-compression, l'évolution des caractéristiques thermomécaniques est déterminée en fonction de la température et une loi de comportement élasto-plastique à écrouissage cinématique non linéaire est identifiée. Des mesures expérimentales de températures, déplacements, déformations et contraintes résiduelles lors d'essais de dépôt PTA sur des maquettes représentatives de la géométrie réelle d'un robinet permettent l'identification d'un chargement thermique équivalent. Enfin, des simulations numériques sont conduites en utilisant le code éléments finis développé au sein d'EDF R et D Code_Aster. Elles permettent la validation du caractère prédictif des modèles développés par comparaison entre les résultats mécaniques simulés et expérimentaux. Une excellente corrélation est ainsi observée entre les températures mesurées et simulées tout au long du procédé. De la même façon, à l'issue du refroidissement, les distorsions, déformations et contraintes résiduelles expérimentales et simulées sont en adéquation, validant ainsi la stratégie de modélisation proposée dans ces travaux. / Hardfacing coatings are widely used on the surfaces of parts subjected to drastic loadings. Norem02 alloy, Fe-based, is used in PWR nuclear power plants on valves seating surfaces. Its microstructure consists of a dendritic austenite structure with ferrite islets and carbides. This work tends to demonstrate that for this alloy, metallurgical evolution during the welding process has very little influence on mechanical properties. Tensile behaviour was characterised and completed by dilatometry tests in welding process temperature range until 1000°C, in order to identify an elastoplastic model with non linear kinematic hardening rule. Temperature, displacements, distorsions and residual stresses were measured during the PTAW process and used to identify an equivalent thermal loading by solving an inverse problem. Finally, the numerical simulation of the whole process using the EDF R and D FEM software Code_Aster is presented. Predicted temperatures are consistants with experimental ones. In the same way, predicted displacements, residual distorsions and residual stresses at the end of the cooling phase are close to experimental measures, validating the modelisation strategy presented in this work.