La mise en œuvre de politiques néolibérales globalisantes, axées sur la gouvernance des marchés, a conduit à la délocalisation des sources d’emploi vers des centres de production spécifiques, obligeant ainsi la main-d’œuvre à s’y rapprocher. C'est le cas des paysans mexicains et guatémaltèques mobilisés année après année vers les champs et les serres du Québec par le biais du Programme des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (PTAS) ou du volet agricole du Programme des travailleurs étrangers temporaires (VA-PTET). Individus qui font partie d'une main-d'œuvre vulnérable et flexible, et dont les conditions d'embauche violent les droits fondamentaux et du travail en les liant à un seul employeur, les obligeant à résider dans la propriété de l'employeur et les exposant à un rapatriement prématuré. Ce projet de recherche infère que l'affectivité et l'émotivité sont des sujets de plus en plus explorés en sciences sociales, en particulier en géographie. En intégrant la dimension émotionnelle, il souligne la nécessité d’examiner les récits émotionnels des ouvriers agricoles transmigrants mexicains et guatémaltèques, en se basant sur l’utilisation idéologique possible des émotions socialisées à plusieurs échelles par les acteurs qui gèrent les programmes qui les embauchent. Il en découle que la compréhension des émotions de ces travailleurs, associée à leur participation à des conditions de travail spécifiques définies par le PTAS et le VA-PTET, peut contribuer de manière significative aux études traitant de la relation entre émotivité et migration de travail masculine. Cette démonstration consiste à analyser les politiques et pratiques étatiques du Canada, du Mexique et du Guatemala, en utilisant des émotions telles que la peur, le désespoir, l’acquiescement et la résignation comme mécanismes de contrôle social au sein du PTAS et du VA-PTET; ainsi que la satisfaction et la fierté de remplir le rôle de fournisseur principal du foyer en tant que forme unique de masculinité proposée par ces programmes. En particulier, la relation entre les émotions, la masculinité et l'expérience du manque de pouvoir (powerlessness) est élucidée. De même, par le biais de l'imbrication des récits des travailleurs, l'interaction de différentes catégories discriminatoires est clarifiée, sur la base du genre masculin, rarement utilisée dans les études migratoires existantes. Enfin, nous analysons les discours de ceux qui restent dans les communautés d'origine, des épouses des travailleurs et de certaines personnes clés, afin de rendre compte des coûts émotionnels causés par l'absence de leurs maris/pères de leurs enfants. / The implementation of neoliberal globalizing policies, centered on the governance of markets, has led to the relocation of employment sources to specific production centers, forcing the workforce to move to them. Such is the case of the farm workers from Mexico and Guatemala that are mobilized year after year into Québec’s fields and greenhouses through the Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) and / or the Agricultural Stream of the Temporary Foreign Worker Program (AS-TFWP). Individuals who are part of a vulnerable and flexible labour force, and whose hiring conditions violate their fundamental and labour rights by tying them to a single employer, forcing them to reside in the employer's premises and exposing them to premature repatriation. This research project infers that affectivity and emotionality are increasingly explored topics in the social sciences, particularly in geography. By incorporating the emotional dimension, it exposes the need to examine the emotional narratives of Mexican and Guatemalan transmigrant farm workers, based on the possible ideological use of the emotions that are socialized in a multiscalar and spatial way by the actors who govern the programs that hire them. It therefore raises the question that understanding the emotions of these workers, associated with their participation under specific work conditions framed by the SAWP and the AS-TFWP can significantly contribute to studies that address the relationship between emotionality and male labour migration. This is demonstrated by analyzing Canadian, Mexican and Guatemalan state-driven policies and practices, using emotions such as fear, despair, acquiescence and resignation as mechanisms of social control within the SAWP and the AS-TFWP, along with satisfaction pride in fulfilling the breadwinner role as the unique form of masculinity proposed by these programs. In particular, the relationship between emotions, masculinity and the experience of powerlessness is elucidated. Likewise, through the interweaving of workers' narratives, the interaction of different discriminatory categories is clarified, based on the masculine gender, rarely used in existing migratory studies. Finally, we analyze the speeches of those who have been left behind, the wives of the workers and a few key people, in order to account for the emotional costs caused by the absence of their partners and fathers of their children. / La implementación de políticas neoliberales globalizantes, centradas en la gobernanza de los mercados, ha provocado una deslocalización de las fuentes de empleo hacia centros específicos de producción, forzando a la mano de obra a desplazarse hacia éstos. Tal es el caso de la población trabajadora proveniente de México y Guatemala que es movilizada año tras año hacia campos e invernaderos quebequenses a través del Programa de Trabajadores Agrícolas Temporales (PTAT) y/o del Rubro Agrícola del programa de Trabajadores Extranjeros Temporales (RA-PTET). Individuos que forman parte de una fuerza laboral vulnerable y flexible, y cuyas condiciones de contratación violan sus derechos fundamentales y de trabajo al sujetarlos a un solo empleador, obligarlos a residir en la propiedad de éste y exponerlo a la repatriación prematura. Este proyecto de investigación infiere que afectividad y emocionalidad son temáticas exploradas de manera creciente en las ciencias sociales, particularmente, en la Geografía. Al incorporar la dimensión emocional, expone la necesidad de examinar las narrativas emocionales de los trabajadores agrícolas transmigrantes mexicanos y guatemaltecos, partiendo del posible uso ideológico de las emociones que es socializado de manera multiescalar por los actores que gobiernan los programas que los contratan. Plantea entonces, que la comprensión de las emociones de dichos trabajadores, asociadas a su participación bajo condiciones labores específicas enmarcadas por el PTAT y el RA-PTET puede contribuir significativamente a los estudios que abordan la relación entre emotividad y migración laboral masculina. Esta demostración se realiza analizando las políticas y prácticas estatales canadienses, mexicanas y guatemaltecas, de utilización de emociones tales como miedo, la desesperanza, la aquiescencia y la resignación como mecanismos de control social al interior del PTAT y el RA-PTET; a la par de la satisfacción y orgullo de cumplir con el rol de proveedor principal del hogar como forma única de masculinidad propuesta por dichos programas. De manera particular, se dilucida la relación existente entre emociones, masculinidad y la experiencia de carencia de poder (powerlessness). Asimismo, a través del entretejido de las narrativas de los trabajadores se esclarece la interacción de distintas categorías discriminatorias, teniendo como base el género masculino, raramente utilizado en los estudios migratorios existentes. Finalmente, se analizan los discursos de quienes permanecen en las comunidades de origen, las esposas de los trabajadores y algunas personas clave, a fin de dar cuenta de los costos emocionales provocados por la ausencia de sus compañeros y padres de sus hija-os.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:57:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Luiza Franco Nery Machado.pdf: 571758 bytes, checksum: 7a8cd268bf5af27a419c42b2a73d8f85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-27 / This research aimed at investigating, through the education professionals point of view, how parents/guardian are participating at school, what professionals expect from this participation and which factors could damage or help its promotion. Two auxiliary canals at Public State Schools: Parent and Teacher Associations (PTAs) and School Councils were approached as they are in force and guaranteed by law. Fourteen subjects (directors, teachers and employees), from seven Elementary Schools - Cicle I, in Franca-SP, took part in the research. A questionnaire and an interview were used to collect data. Results showed that school professionals recognize the importance of parents/guardian at school, but they also recognize the difficulty to promote it. The study revealed that Parent and Teacher Associations (PTAs) and School Councils could not be firmed yet as effective auxiliary canals for the Education Institutions. On the contrary, the participants consider these canals as formal, bureaucratic spaces: the first, giving priority to the finance dimension, without any connection with the pedagogic dimension; the latter, it is showed through reports, have little performance in the everyday school life. About both Parent and Teacher Association (PTAs) and School Councils it was detected a lack of clearness on the part of the school professionals as for the aims, rights and owes that these canals point, discrediting, thus, the power of decision and participation on them, in the sight of improving education. On the other hand, it was observed a change, at least in the discourse, going towards the recognition that the school is not self-sufficient to take decisions and it needs the parents/guardian to achieve the goal of a school with better quality / O trabalho que aqui se apresenta teve como objetivo investigar, na visão dos profissionais da educação, como está acontecendo a participação dos pais/responsáveis na escola, que expectativas têm os profissionais sobre tal participação e quais os fatores que prejudicariam ou auxiliariam sua promoção. Foram focalizados dois canais auxiliares existentes no Sistema de Ensino Público do Estado de São Paulo: as Associações de Pais e Mestres (APMs) e os Conselhos de Escola, ambos em vigor nos dias atuais e garantidos por lei. Participaram do presente trabalho 14 sujeitos (entre diretores, professores e funcionários) pertencentes a sete escolas de Ciclo I do Ensino Fundamental do município de Franca SP. Para a coleta dos dados foram utilizados o questionário e a entrevista. Os resultados indicaram que os profissionais da escola reconhecem a importância da participação dos pais/responsáveis na instituição escolar, mas reconhecem, também, a dificuldade em promovê-la. Revelou-se que a APM e o Conselho de Escola ainda não conseguiram se firmar como canais auxiliares efetivos para a instituição escolar. Pelo contrário, os participantes percebem tais canais como espaços formais, burocráticos: o primeiro priorizando a dimensão financeira, sem que esta apresente ligação com a dimensão pedagógica; quanto ao segundo, evidencia-se, a partir dos depoimentos, a pouca atuação do mesmo no cotidiano escolar. Em relação aos dois APM e Conselho de Escola detecta-se a falta de clareza por parte dos profissionais da escola quanto às finalidades, direitos e deveres que esses canais apontam, desprestigiando o poder de decisão e participação nos mesmos com vistas à melhoria educacional. Em contrapartida, observa-se uma mudança, pelo menos no discurso, em direção ao reconhecimento de que a escola não é auto-suficiente para tomar as decisões e necessita dos pais/responsáveis para concretizar a meta de uma escola com maior qualidade

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