Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:33:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 447555.pdf: 1643774 bytes, checksum: 08d299c36bd5f21a4341e9371e06362e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-04 / Introduction : The prenatal period is critical for the development and maturation of several organ systems essential. Objective : To evaluate the effects of prenatal stress on behavioral responses, as well as possible structural changes and standard cell lung in an experimental model with Balb/c. Materials and Methods : We used female Balb/c primiparous. After identification of pregnancy, the animals were divided into 3 groups: CTLE (control), PNS 1 (stress every other day from the 8th day of pregnancy) and PNS 2 (stress from day 15 of pregnancy until birth). The prenatal stress was accomplished through containment. The animals were weighed at birth, weaning and day 10 (day 21). As adults, we analyzed the behavior of fear/anxiety through field tests (AC) and elevated plus maze (EPM) was performed and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and lung histopathology. Results : No differences were found in relation to animal weight among the three groups. Behavioral analysis of the males in the test AC and EPM, showed no significant difference between groups PNS 1 and PNS 2 relative to CTLE. In the analysis of the test AC, females PNS 1 group showed a decrease in the total distance covered (P <0.001) increased time on the periphery (p <0.001) and decreased time the center (p <0.001) compared to the group CTLE. The test EPM in females was not significantly different among the three groups. The analysis of the cellular profile in BAL and lung histology, there were no differences between groups. Conclusion : The prenatal stress induces changes in the behavior of fear/anxiety only in Balb/c mice and the stress model from the eighth day of pregnancy, suggesting that the effects of the programming are possible in this model. On the other hand, prenatal stress caused no alterations in basal lung. / Introdu??o : O per?odo pr?-natal ? de suma import?ncia para o desenvolvimento e a matura??o de diversos sistemas e ?rg?os essenciais. Objetivo : Avaliar os efeitos do estresse pr?-natal sobre as respostas comportamentais, assim como poss?veis altera??es estruturais e do padr?o celular no pulm?o em um modelo experimental com camundongos Balb/c. Materiais e M?todos: Foram utilizadas f?meas Balb/c prim?paras. Ap?s a identifica??o da prenhez, os animais foram divididos em 3 grupos: CTLE (controle), PNS 1 (estresse em dias intercalados a partir do 8? dia da prenhez) e PNS 2 (estresse a partir do 15? dia da prenhez at? o nascimento). O estresse pr?-natal foi realizado atrav?s de conten??o. Os animais foram pesados ao nascimento, dia 10 e no desmame (dia 21). Quando adultos, foram analisados o comportamento de medo/ansiedade por meio dos testes de campo aberto (CA) e labirinto em cruz elevada (LCE) e foi realizado lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) e an?lise histopatol?gica do pulm?o. Resultados : N?o foram encontradas diferen?as em rela??o ao peso dos animais entre os tr?s grupos. A an?lise comportamental dos machos no teste do CA e LCE, n?o apresentou diferen?a significativa entre os grupos PNS 1 e PNS 2 em rela??o ao CTLE. Na an?lise do teste CA, as f?meas do grupo PNS 1 apresentaram uma diminui??o da dist?ncia total percorrida (p<0,001), aumento do tempo na periferia (p<0,001) e diminui??o do tempo no centro (p<0,001) quando comparado ao grupo CTLE. O teste de LCE nas f?meas n?o teve diferen?a significativa entre os tr?s grupos. Quanto ? an?lise do perfil celular no LBA e histologia pulmonar, tamb?m n?o houve diferen?as entre os grupos. Conclus?o : O estresse pr?-natal induz a altera??es no comportamento de medo/ansiedade somente em camundongos Balb/c f?meas e no modelo de estresse a partir do oitavo dia da prenhez, evidenciando que os efeitos do programming s?o poss?veis nesse modelo. Por outro lado, o estresse pr?-natal n?o provocou altera??es basais no pulm?o.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:32:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 439172.pdf: 4325979 bytes, checksum: fb686c7a6cc068a1adc08b2feaab0ecb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-15 / Background: Alterations to lung development in preterm infants is characterized by decreased alveolarization and dysmorphic vasculature. Has been considered the possibility that changes associated with perinatal factors decrease lung volume and quality of ventilation distribution. Objective: To measure the functional residual capacity and heterogeneity of ventilation in preterm infants and to study their association with perinatal factors. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving preterm infants corrected age of 8 to 13 months. Were measured at functional residual capacity (FRC) and ventilation inhomogeneity using the lung clearance index (LCI) by the technique multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) to 4%, with sedation, using a ultrasonic flowmeter. The statistical analysis used the Student t test and linear regression. Results: We studied 28 preterm infants with gestational age (GA) (mean ?SD) of 31? 2.9 weeks, with of 7.88 ?0.6 and equal to 19.7 ?4.3 ml.kg-1. Positive correlation were found between LCI and males and intrauterine growth restriction (p <0.05). Premature rupture of membranes were negative correlation with LCI (p <0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that this sample, male sex, the IUGR and premature rupture of membranes affect LCI in preterm infants. The FRC was not associated with prematurity or other pre-natal and post-natal factors. / Introdu??o: A altera??o no desenvolvimento pulmonar em prematuros ? caracterizada por redu??o na alveolariza??o e vasculariza??o dism?rfica. Tem sido considerada a possibilidade de que altera??es associadas a fatores perinatais diminuam volumes pulmonares e a qualidade da distribui??o da ventila??o. Objetivo: Medir a heterogeneidade da ventila??o e a capacidade residual funcional em prematuros e estudar suas associa??es com fatores perinatais. M?todos: Este ? um estudo transversal envolvendo prematuros com idade corrigida de 8 a 13 meses. Foram medidas a capacidade residual funcional (CRF) e a ventila??o heterog?nea utilizando o lung clearence ?ndex (LCI) atrav?s da t?cnica multiple breath inert gas washout (MBW) com hexafluoreto de enxofre (SF6) a 4%, com seda??o, usando um medidor de fluxo ultrass?nico. Na an?lise estat?stica foi usado o teste t de Student e a regress?o linear. Resultados: Foram estudados 28 prematuros com idade gestacional (IG) (m?dia?dp) de 31?2,9 semanas, com LCI de 7,88?0,6 e CRF igual a 19,7?4,3 ml.kg-1. Houve correla??o positiva entre LCI e sexo masculino e restri??o do crescimento intrauterino (RCIU) (p<0,05). Houve correla??o negativa entre LCI e ruptura prematura das membranas (ruprema) (p<0,05). Conclus?o: Os resultados encontrados sugerem, que nesta amostra, o sexo masculino, o RCIU e a ruprema influenciaram o LCI em prematuros. A CRF n?o foi associada ? prematuridade ou outros fatores perinatais.