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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Pacap and vip modulation of neuroexcitability in rat intracardiac neurons

DeHaven, Wayne I 01 June 2005 (has links)
Autonomic control of cardiac function depends on the coordinated activity generated by neurons within the intracardiac ganglia, and intrinsic feedback loops within the ganglia provide precise control of cardiac function. Both pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are important regulators of cell-to-cell signaling within the intracardiac ganglia, and PACAP and VIP action on these ganglia, mediated through associated receptors, play an important role in the regulation of coronary blood flow, cardiac contraction, relaxation, and heart rate. Results reported here using PACAP and VIP provide direct evidence of some of the complex signaling which occurs in neurons of the rat intracardiac ganglia.
22

Signalisation du VIP et du PACAP dans les monocytes humains Neuropeptides / PACAP/VIP signaling in human monocytes

El Zein, Nabil 17 October 2011 (has links)
PACAP et VIP sont deux peptides structuralement reliés qui appartiennent à la classe de neuropeptides comprenant la sécrétine, le glucagon et le growth hormone releasing factor. VIP et PACAP ont de nombreuses fonctions biologiques au niveau du système nerveux et sont considérés comme des agents neurotransmetteurs, sécrétagogues, neuroprotecteurs, neurotrophiques, mitogéniques et comme agents différenciant. <p><p>VIP et PACAP utilisés à des concentrations de l’ordre du nano-molaire sont décrits comme agents anti-inflammatoires. Dans cette thèse, nous montrons que les neuropeptides PACAP et VIP utilisés à des doses élevées de l’ordre du μ-molaire agissent également comme des molécules pro-inflammatoires au niveau des monocytes humains.<p><p>Nous montrons aussi qu’au sein des monocytes humains, le PACAP agit par l’intermédiaire du récepteur VPAC-1. Les voies de signalisation activées incluent de façon proximale la PLC et la PI3-kinase et de façon plus distale les voies ERK et p38 des MAP-Kinases et les voies dépendantes de focal adhésion kinase associées à la protéine du cytosquelette paxilline. PACAP induit également un pic calcique résultant d’une mobilisation intra- et extracellulaire de calcium.<p><p>Au niveau fonctionnel, nous montrons quelle PACAP augmente la production de radicaux libres et l’expression membranaire de l’intégrine CD11b impliquée dans l’adhésion et dans la régulation de nombreuses voies métaboliques.<p><p>Nous montrons également que de faibles doses de PACAP de l’ordre du nM sont suffisantes pour désensibiliser les monocytes à des concentrations plus importantes de PACAP, concentrations connues pour avoir un effet pro-inflammatoire. Le PACAP a ainsi un double rôle, anti-inflammatoire à faible dose et pro-inflammatoire à dose plus élevé.<p><p>Nous avons de plus investigué la présence d’une transactivation au niveau des cellules monocytaires. Dans ces cellules, PACAP comme rapporté dans les cellules neuronales, utilise la signalisation NGF/TrkA. PACAP augmente la fraction phosphorée du récepteur TrkA. L’utilisation d’inhibiteur spécifique du récepteur au NGF est associée à une diminution de la phosphorylation des voies PACAP-dépendantes telles que AKT et ERK. L’inhibiteur du récepteur au NGF diminue également la mobilisation calcique induite par le PACAP avec au niveau fonctionnel une diminution de la production de radicaux libres et de l’expression de l’intégrine CD11b. Enfin, l’observation que les voies métaboliques (ERK) et que les fonctions (production de radicaux libres) induites par le NGF au sein des cellules monocytaires est sensible à la pertussis toxine, agent modulant des récepteurs à protéines G, indique que les phénomènes de transactivation entre les voies PACAP/VPAC-1 et NGF/TrkA se font de façon bidirectionnelle.<p><p>Nous montrons enfin que ;à la fois PACAP et VIP sont des ligands du récepteur proinflammatoire FPRL1 au sein des monocytes induisant l’activation des voies AKT/ERK et la mobilisation calcique, responsables de l’augmentation d’expression de l’intégrine CD11b.Nous montrons cependant qu’il existe une voie propre au récepteur VPAC-1, indépendante de FPRL1, médiée par l’axe cAMP/PKA/p38 responsable spécifiquement d’une activité proinflammatoire avec sécrétion de MMP9 et augmentation membranaire de CD35. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
23

PAC<sub>1</sub> Receptors Mediate Positive Chronotropic Responses to PACAP-27 and VIP in Isolated Mouse Atria

Hoover, Donald B., Girard, Beatrice M., Hoover, Jeffrey L., Parsons, Rodney L. 03 June 2013 (has links)
PACAP and VIP have prominent effects on cardiac function in several species, but little is known about their influence on the murine heart. Accordingly, we evaluated the expression of PACAP/VIP receptors in mouse heart and the response of isolated atria to peptide agonists. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptor mRNAs are present throughout the mouse heart. Expression of all three receptor transcripts was low, PAC1 being the lowest. No regional differences in expression were detected for individual receptor mRNAs after normalization to L32. Pharmacological effects of PACAP-27, VIP, and the selective PAC1 agonist maxadilan were evaluated in isolated, spontaneously beating atria from C57BL/6 mice of either sex. Incremental additions of PACAP-27 at 1 min intervals caused a concentration-dependent tachycardia with a log EC50=-9.08±0.15 M (n=7) and a maximum of 96.3±5.9% above baseline heart rate. VIP and maxadilan also caused tachycardia but their potencies were about two orders of magnitude less. Increasing the dosing interval to 5 min caused a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve to maxadilan but no changes in the curves for PACAP-27 or VIP. Under this condition, neither the potency nor the efficacy of maxadilan differed from those of PACAP-27. Neither PACAP-27 nor maxadilan caused tachyphylaxis, and maximal responses to maxadilan were maintained for at least 2 h. We conclude that all three VIP/PACAP family receptors are expressed by mouse cardiac tissue, but only PAC1 receptors mediate positive chronotropic responses to PACAP-27 and VIP.
24

PAC<sub>1</sub> Receptors Mediate Positive Chronotropic Responses to PACAP-27 and VIP in Isolated Mouse Atria

Hoover, Donald B., Girard, Beatrice M., Hoover, Jeffrey L., Parsons, Rodney L. 03 June 2013 (has links)
PACAP and VIP have prominent effects on cardiac function in several species, but little is known about their influence on the murine heart. Accordingly, we evaluated the expression of PACAP/VIP receptors in mouse heart and the response of isolated atria to peptide agonists. Quantitative PCR demonstrated that PAC1, VPAC1, and VPAC2 receptor mRNAs are present throughout the mouse heart. Expression of all three receptor transcripts was low, PAC1 being the lowest. No regional differences in expression were detected for individual receptor mRNAs after normalization to L32. Pharmacological effects of PACAP-27, VIP, and the selective PAC1 agonist maxadilan were evaluated in isolated, spontaneously beating atria from C57BL/6 mice of either sex. Incremental additions of PACAP-27 at 1 min intervals caused a concentration-dependent tachycardia with a log EC50=-9.08±0.15 M (n=7) and a maximum of 96.3±5.9% above baseline heart rate. VIP and maxadilan also caused tachycardia but their potencies were about two orders of magnitude less. Increasing the dosing interval to 5 min caused a leftward shift of the concentration-response curve to maxadilan but no changes in the curves for PACAP-27 or VIP. Under this condition, neither the potency nor the efficacy of maxadilan differed from those of PACAP-27. Neither PACAP-27 nor maxadilan caused tachyphylaxis, and maximal responses to maxadilan were maintained for at least 2 h. We conclude that all three VIP/PACAP family receptors are expressed by mouse cardiac tissue, but only PAC1 receptors mediate positive chronotropic responses to PACAP-27 and VIP.
25

Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide: Localization and Differential Influence on Isolated Hearts From Rats and Guinea Pigs

Chang, Yingzi, Lawson, Lisa J., Hancock, John C., Hoover, Donald B. 15 July 2005 (has links)
This study was done to determine if pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP)-immunoreactive nerve fibers occur in cardiac muscle as well as intracardiac ganglia of rats and guinea pigs and to clarify the chronotropic actions of PACAP27 in the same species using isolated heart preparations. PACAP nerve fibers were not detected in atrial or ventricular muscle of rat or guinea pig but a few stained nerve fibers occurred in the atrioventricular bundle of the guinea pig. Stained nerve fibers were prominent in intracardiac ganglia of both species. PACAP27 caused a dose-dependent tachycardia in isolated rat hearts (+39 ± 3 beats/min with 1 nmol, n = 6). Positive and/or negative chronotropic responses were evoked by PACAP27 in guinea pig heart, depending on dose and prior exposure to the peptide. PACAP27 also caused arrhythmias in several guinea pig hearts. Treatment with atropine eliminated or prevented PACAP-evoked bradycardia and arrhythmias, implicating cholinergic neurons in these responses. Positive chronotropic responses to PACAP were unaffected by beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in either species, suggesting that tachycardia resulted from a direct action on the heart. These observations support the conclusion that endogenous PACAP could have a role in regulating parasympathetic input to the heart but through different mechanisms in rats versus guinea pigs. A direct positive chronotropic influence of endogenous PACAP is unlikely since atrial muscle lacks PACAP-immunoreactive nerve fibers.
26

"Mechanisms of Adrenal Medullary Excitation Under the Acute Sympathetic Stress Response"

Hill, Jacqueline Suzanne 27 August 2012 (has links)
No description available.
27

Aspects of the transcriptional and translational regulation of nitric oxide synthase 1

Pierson, Shawn M. 19 April 2005 (has links)
No description available.
28

Diabetes Affects the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP)-Like Immunoreactive Enteric Neurons in the Porcine Digestive Tract

Palus, Katarzyna, Bulc, Michal, Calca, Jaroslaw, Zielonka, Lukasz, Nowicki, Marcin 03 January 2024 (has links)
Diabetic gastroenteropathy is a common complication, which develops in patients with long-term diabetes. The pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a neuropeptide known for its cytoprotective properties and plays an important role in neuronal development, neuromodulation and neuroprotection. The present study was designed to elucidate, for the first time, the impact of prolonged hyperglycaemia conditions on a population of PACAP-like immunoreactive neurons in selected parts of the porcine gastrointestinal tract. The experiment was conducted on 10 juvenile female pigs assigned to two experimental groups: The DM group (pigs with streptozocin-induced diabetes) and the C group (control pigs). Diabetes conditions were induced by a single intravenous injection of streptozocin. Six weeks after the induction of diabetes, all animals were euthanised and further collected, and fixed fragments of the stomach, duodenum, jejunum, ileum and descending colon were processed using the routine double-labelling immunofluorescence technique. Streptozotocin-induced hyperglycaemia caused a significant increase in the population of PACAP-containing enteric neurons in the porcine stomach, small intestines and descending colon. The recorded changes may result from the direct toxic effect of hyperglycaemia on the ENS neurons, oxidative stress or inflammatory conditions accompanying hyperglycaemia and suggest that PACAP is involved in regulatory processes of the GIT function in the course of diabetes.
29

Les propriétés antiapoptotiques et antiautophagiques du Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide assurent une protection neuronale dans des modèles in vitro et in vivo de la maladie de Parkinson / Antiapoptotic and antiautophagic properties of PACAP are granting a neuronal protection in in-vitro and in-vivo models of Parkinson disease

Lamine-Ajili, Asma 16 March 2018 (has links)
La maladie de Parkinson (MP) est caractérisée par la dégénérescence des neurones dopaminergiques du mésencéphale. Elle est notamment causée par des évènements délétères tels le stress oxydatif et la neuro-inflammation, et ceux-ci mènent à la destruction des neurones par divers types de mort cellulaire. Dans ce contexte, le Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-activating Polypeptide (PACAP), avec ses propriétés antiapoptotiques, anti-inflammatoires et antioxydantes et son aptitude à traverser la barrière hémoencéphalique (BHE), est capable d’exercer une puissante activité neuroprotectrice dans divers modèles de la MP. Par conséquent, cette molécule est prometteuse pour le développement d’une thérapie médicamenteuse. Toutefois, ses profils pharmacologiques (actions non sélectives) et pharmacocinétiques (faible stabilité métabolique) limitent son utilisation clinique. Ainsi, dans une perspective de mise au point d’une approche thérapeutique, nous avons conçu l’Ac-[Phe(pI)6, Nle17]PACAP(1-27), un analogue du PACAP possédant des profils pharmacologiques et métaboliques améliorés, et avons testé son effet sur des modèles in vitro et in vivo de la MP. In vitro (neuroblastomes humains SH-SY5Y), l’analogue stimule efficacement la production d'AMPc et réduit l’altération de l’activité mitochondriale provoquée par un agent neurotoxique (MPP+; 1-méthyl-4-phénylpyridinium). In vivo (souris traitées avec le 1-méthyl-4-phényl-1,2,3,6-tétrahydropyridine, un précurseur métabolique du MPP+), le PACAP et son dérivé synthétique restaurent l’expression de la tyrosine hydoxylase dans la substance noire et modulent la réponse inflammatoire. Bien que des baisses de la pression artérielle soient observées avec les deux peptides, l'intensité de la chute ainsi que sa durée sont significativement moins élevées avec l'analogue. Nos caractérisations biologiques ont donc montré que la mort neuronale causée par l’agent neurotoxique est considérablement atténuée par l’analogue peptidique. Elles ont également établi que cet effet est peut-être lié à une activité antiapoptotique soutenue. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons exploré l’effet du PACAP sur le processus autophagique observé dans ces mêmes modèles de la MP. Nous avons ainsi démontré que le PACAP réduit significativement l’activité autophagique, comme évaluée par la production du complexe LC3-II, le rétablissement des niveaux protéiques de la p62, et la diminution de la formation des vacuoles autophagiques. La capacité du PACAP à inhiber l'autophagie a égalementété observée in vitro, et ce, en inhibant l'activité de p62 induite par la rapamycine, uninducteur de l'autophagie. Ainsi, nos travaux ont conduit à la description d’une molécule dérivée du PACAP, métaboliquement stable, qui s’avère aussi puissante que le peptide natif au niveau de la neuroprotection. Ils ont aussi révélé que le PACAP possède des propriétés antiautophagiques dans des modèles de la MP. / Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the degeneration of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons. In particular, it is caused by deleterious events such as oxidative stress and neuro-inflammation, which lead to the destruction of neurons by several types of cell death. In this context, the Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide (PACAP), with its antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, as well as its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), is able to exert a potent neuroprotective activity in various PD models. Therefore, this molecule is promising for the development of a PACAP-based drug therapy. However, its pharmacological (non-selective) and pharmacokinetic (low metabolic stability) profiles limit its clinical use. Thus, from the perspective of developing a therapeutic approach, we designed the analog Ac-[Phe(pI)6, Nle17]PACAP(1-27), a PACAP derivative with improved pharmacological and metabolic profiles, and tested its effects in in vitro and in vivo PD models. In vitro (SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells), the analog effectively stimulates the production of cAMP and reduces the alteration of mitochondrial activity caused by a neurotoxic agent (MPP+; 1- methyl-4-phenylpyridinium). In vivo (mice treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine, a metabolic precursor of MPP+), PACAP and its synthetic derivative restore tyrosine hydroxylase expression in the substantia nigra and modulate the inflammatory response. Although decreases in blood pressure were observed with both peptides, the intensity of the fall and its duration were significantly lower with the analog. Our biological characterizations have thus shown that the neuronal death caused by the neurotoxic agent is considerably attenuated by the peptide analog. They also established that this effect may be related to sustained antiapoptotic activity. In a second step, we explored the effect of PACAP on the autophagic process observed in these same PD models. Thus, we have demonstrated that PACAP significantly reduces autophagic activity, as assessed by the production of the LC3-II complex, the restoration of the p62 protein levels, and the decreased formation of autophagic vacuoles. The ability of PACAP to impede autophagy was also observed in vitro, by the inhibition of the p62 activity produced by rapamycin, an inducer of autophagy. In summary, our work led to the description of a PACAP-derived molecule, metabolically stable, that proved to be in neuroprotection as potent as the native peptide. Our studies also revealed that PACAP possesses antiautophagic properties in PD models.

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