Call number: LD2668 .T4 1978 G94 / Master of Science

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1999 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / We analyze several telemetry data acquisition systems to gage the system impact of denser custom ICs being developed under the HSTSS-DAC project. Our baseline is a telemetry system recently developed at Eglin AFB to support 16 analog input channels, signal conditioning and encoding for Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) using Commercial Off-the- Shelf (COTS) ICs. The data acquisition portion of the system occupies three double-sided, round circuit cards, each 2.3" in diameter. A comparable system using HSTSS-DAC custom Ics will occupy only one side of one card - a factor of six-volume reduction compared to the COTS approach.

Today’s thin-film passive components such as capacitors and inductors are limited to low volumetric density and large form-factors that pose as major roadblock to miniaturization of the power modules. These components are also placed far away from the IC’s leading to large interconnect parasitics and lower operating frequencies. Novel thin-film technologies with high densities and small form-factors are, therefore, required to enable miniaturization and performance at high frequencies. Glass- and silicon- based interposer technologies that utilize vertical through-via interconnections have shown way to improve power distribution network (PDN) performance with thin power-ground planes. However, integration of ultra-high density capacitors in such substrates has not yet been demonstrated. This thesis addresses these challenges with tantalum-based, silicon-integrated, ultrathin, high-density capacitors at higher operating frequencies with lower leakage properties (<0.01µA/µF). The anodization kinetics of tantalum pentoxide and the underlying leakage current mechanisms are investigated to provide optimal process guidelines. The thin-film Ta capacitors demonstrated capacitance density of 0.1 µF/mm2 at 1-10 MHz in form-factors of 50 µm, which corresponds to 6X higher volumetric density relative to commercial tantalum capacitors. An innovative approach to address incompatibility of tantalum electrodes with substrates is pursued by prefabricating the electrodes on a free-standing foil, which are then transferred onto the active wafer to form the capacitors on Si. The integration approach is designed to embed these thin tantalum capacitors on alternative substrates such as organic, glass or silicon, with copper via interconnections for lower parasitics. The thesis also explores titanium-based high-density capacitors with high-permittivity titania dielectric as a potential alternate high-density capacitor technology.

<p>This thesis work is divided into two parts that relate to each other. The first part investigates driving forces and limiting factors in the customisation of information on packaging and the second part focuses on how the customisation task should be performed in order to obtain high productivity and efficient logistics. Opportunities with hybrid printing solutions where conventional technology is combined with digital printing are discussed.The first of the included papers talks about the driving forces and limiting factors in the customisation of information on packaging and focuses on marketing aspects and consumer value. The second paper investigates the logistical aspects of using digital printing to add information on pre-printed packaging, with the primary focus on the opportunities to reduce changeover time and printing form costs. The third paper investigates how digital printing can be integrated into a packaging line and identifies critical productivity related parameters. These three papers are analysed together in this report, giving input to conclusions about the driving forces and limiting factors in the customisation of information on packaging and how the customisation task should be performed to obtain high productivity and efficient logistics. Hence, this thesis work does not originate solely in one discipline. Digital printing technology, logistics and marketing aspects are all considered to draw conclusions.</p><p>It is shown that it is possible to obtain marketing advantages, fulfill market demands better, get increased consumer value and reduced costs by using a hybrid printing solution. There exists at the same time a number of limiting factors, such as print quality demands, additional costs and reliability issues that are crucial to consider before concluding whether or not customisation of information on packaging would be successful in any given business scenario.</p><p>Different scenarios for where the customisation task can be inserted into a value chain are defined and discussed. Explicit studies of one of the scenarios are made. This scenario is defined as having a customisation task inline in a packaging line. The other scenarios, customisation at the packaging producer and customisation at the wholesaler/retailer, are not explicitly investigated, but it has been possible to discuss these scenarios as well through the research results obtained. The results show that there are factors that point towards the scenario where digital printing is performed at the producer as being the most beneficial. A number of critical productivity related factors for this scenario are identified in paper III, which gives guidelines on how to obtain high productivity when a digital printing task is integrated into a packaging line. It is finally shown that it is possible to obtain high delivery service and efficient logistics by using a hybrid printing solution. It is, however, of crucial importance that possible drawbacks be considered in order to accurately conclude whether a hybrid printing solution will be successful or not.</p>

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The level of coupling noise or cross talk is an important factor in the design of reliable VLSI packages. Coupling noise can be reduced by modifying the underlying conductor geometry. An expert system is developed and integrated into the packaging design and simulation environment UAPDSE. The system is provided with rules to reduce the coupling noise, and create models that satisfy the constraints set by the package designer. The parameter calculator UAMOM and the circuit simulator UANTL are used to evaluate the electrical performance of the model under study. The expert system is an interactive and user-friendly software that provides efficient method for performing the coupling noise reduction in interconnect systems.

This thesis considers the application of the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method to the electromagnetic characterization of multichip-module (MCM) interconnects with perforated (mesh) reference planes. The limitations of the method in finding the propagation characteristics, characteristic impedance, Z0, and phase constant, beta, are investigated. A different method for the characterization of MCM interconnects is suggested which exploits the capabilities of the FDTD method. This alternative approach uses the results from the FDTD method to extract a per unit length delay and an approximate impulse response of the system. These results can be used to identify the effects of the perforated reference plane on signal propagation. In particular the validity of the TEM approximation for signal propagation in realistic MCM structures is examined. For those cases where the TEM approximation is valid, a quasi-TEM approach is developed to find equivalent transmission line characteristics of MCM interconnects. This quasi-TEM method can be used to obtain effective transmission line parameters for both single and coupled interconnects, which in turn can be used directly in SPICE-like waveform simulation tools for an overall electrical analysis of complex MCM interconnect nets.

A major problem associated with the development of complex polymeric materials for food contact applications is the potential for migration of toxic substances from the polymer to the food. This thesis investigates the transfer of migrants from non-ovenable food contact materials at elevated temperatures, and several applications where migration has occurred have been identified. Boil in the bag applications lead to exposure times of 30 - 120 minutes for complex multilayer laminates, whilst plastic kettles are repeat exposure items, and plastic 'vacuum flasks' have a potential for up to 4 hours exposure. Analytical techniques including, GC-MS, LC-MS, HPLC and UV spectroscopy have been employed to quantify the species migrating from these food contact materials into aqueous and oil simulants, and to ensure that they conform to the implemented EC restrictions. Olive oil is a stipulated EC fatty food simulant, but it is unsuitable for specific migration analyses since it contains many interfering compounds. These could not be eliminated by repeated solvent extraction, and a silicone oil was therefore substituted. In an attempt to identify the species migrating into aqueous and fatty food simulants both the final materials and also the individual components i.e. nylon, adhesive, polyethylene and polypropylene were examined separately. HPLC techniques have been developed to quantify both the known levels of antioxidants present in the polymers and also the anticipated degradation products from these materials. Typical levels of antioxidants in simulants range from <0.1 (aqueous) to 45j..lgdm-2 (oil) and <0.1 (aqueous) to 200j..lgdm" (oil) for antioxidant degradation products. In commercial boil in the bag laminates the major migrants have been shown to be derived principally from the nylon film, and the polyurethane adhesive used to fabricate the laminate. Le-MS investigations have confirmed the presence of the residual monomer Ecaprolactarn and its cyclic oligomers (up to the nonarner) in aqueous food simulants boiled in direct contact with the nylon 6. This technique has also identified the main migrants from the aliphatic and aromatic polyurethane adhesives to be residual oligomers from the polyols. Any residual isocyanates in the adhesive are converted to the corresponding amine, and colourimetric assays have determined levels between 1.1 and O.lj..lgdm". Measured, migration levels into fatty food simulants were found to be greater than in aqueous food simulants. However, none of the material examined showed an overall migration value greater than the EC limit of 10mg dm" for single sided testing. Some instances were found where the consumer was instructed to boil the dry food part of a boil in the bag meal in the same water as that used to heat the pouch containing the meat, and under these circumstances a total migration value for the laminate greater than 10mg dm-2 was measured.

The influence of packaging design (PD) on consumer choice is well documented, most notably through its perceived attractiveness and the product beliefs it can generate. However, these aspects of PD’s influence have been tested only in isolation and with little attention paid to the moderating role of consumers’ personal characteristics. Drawing from theories in the fields of visual perception, information processing and response to product form and using the product category of wine, the present thesis investigates consumers’ perceptions of PD styles more holistically, incorporating the moderating role of consumer involvement. Specifically, the thesis hypothesises that consumers’ involvement levels in wine moderate their affective and cognitive responses to wine PD styles, which in turn influence their purchase intentions. The empirical investigation follows a mixed methods approach, comprising seven focus group discussions and an online survey (n = 540) of low involvement (LI) and high involvement (HI) wine consumers. The results confirm that consumers show both affective and cognitive responses to PD and that both types of response have significant effects on purchase intention. However, the study also reveals that consumers’ involvement level determines, which type of PD response is more influential. Affective responses to PD had greater impact for LI respondents’ purchase intention than for HI respondents’ purchase intention. An opposite effect was found for cognitive responses to PD. These results demonstrate the need to take account of different types of consumer response when investigating PD’s effects and they highlight the value of involvement as a factor to predict the types of response consumers may have to PD in a purchase decision.

Problemformulering och syfte: Matsvinn är ett stort samhällsproblem i dag då det har en stor miljöpåverkan. I Sverige är det personer i ensamhushåll som står för den största delen av matsvinnet. Samtidigt växer antalet ensamhushåll, inte bara i Sverige, utan i hela världen. Med detta som grund ämnade vi att undersöka denna växande målgrupp, ensamhushåll, som har ett större matsvinn än andra hushållskonstellationer. Syftet med uppsatsen var därför att undersöka hur förpackningar kan bidra till minskat matsvinn i hemmet. Metod och material: De metoder som användes var samtalsintervjuer med personer i Sundsvall som lever i ensamhushåll, samt telefonintervju med en informant som har erfarenhet av förpackningsindustrin. Huvudresultat: Samtalsintervjuerna visade att förpackningar som är storleksanpassade efter mindre hushåll och har en bra återförslutningsbarhet, skulle kunna bidra till en minskat matsvinn. Med hjälp av förpackningsindustrin kan konsumenterna få bättre upplysning om hur förpackningar kan hjälpa till att minska matsvinn.