Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-06-15T19:08:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaGomesPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1037688 bytes, checksum: b115230733d95dcc8f34deccfa475cd2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-06-20T20:55:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaGomesPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1037688 bytes, checksum: b115230733d95dcc8f34deccfa475cd2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T20:55:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LucianaGomesPinheiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1037688 bytes, checksum: b115230733d95dcc8f34deccfa475cd2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-14 / O estudo visou (1) desenvolver marcadores microssat?lites (SSR) para Copernicia prunifera, e (2) caracterizar o padr?o demogr?fico e a estrutura gen?tica espacial (EGE) entre est?gios de vida por meio de iniciadores ISSR. Foram desenvolvidos 17 pares de iniciadores SSR. A estrutura demogr?fica e EGE foram avaliadas em uma parcela com ?rea de 0,55 ha em ?rea natural, onde todos os indiv?duos foram georreferenciados (n = 161). As an?lises moleculares dos SSR indicaram que todos os pares de iniciadores constru?dos, quando submetidos ? PCR, amplificaram. Estes apresentaram tamanhos de pares de bases variando entre 113 e 250 bp. As an?lises demogr?ficas mostraram padr?o de distribui??o espacial agregado nas primeiras classes de dist?ncia, aleat?rio entre 40 e 50 m e segregado em dist?ncias superiores. Dos 30 marcadores ISSR testados, oito foram selecionados gerando um total de 102 locos, sendo 100 polim?rficos. Entre os tr?s est?gios, os jovens apresentaram maior ?ndice de diversidade gen?tica de Nei (He = 0,37), j? o menor ?ndice foi observado nos adultos reprodutivos (He = 0,34). Os resultados da AMOVA mostraram maior diferencia??o gen?tica dentro dos est?gios de desenvolvimento (98,61%) do que entre os est?gios (1,39%). A popula??o total apresentou rela??o positiva e significativa de parentesco na primeira classe de dist?ncia (12,3 m). Os jovens apresentaram parentesco significativo at? 10,5 m e negativa na quinta classe de dist?ncia (37,6 m). Os adultos n?o reprodutivos tiveram rela??o positiva de parentesco na primeira classe de dist?ncia (10,9 m) e distribui??o aleat?ria dos gen?tipos nas demais classes. Os adultos reprodutivos apresentaram gen?tipos espacialmente aleat?rios. Os valores para os testes de gargalo gen?tico demonstraram que o n?mero de locos com excesso de heterozigosidade observado foi maior que o esperado. Os resultados da EGE refletem a dispers?o restrita da esp?cie e os testes de gargalo a redu??o de gen?tipos provocados pela antropiza??o dos ambientes naturais de C. prunifera. / The present study aimed to develop microsatellite markers (SSR) for Copernicia prunifera; and characterize the demographic pattern and the spatial genetic structure (SGS) in different development stages of C. prunifera in a natural population of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) by using ISSR molecular markers. 17 SSR primers pairs were developed, which were tested by using DNA from samples of different populations. The demographic and genetic spatial structure was assessed in a plot with an area of 0.55 ha, where all individuals were georeferenced. The molecular analyses with the use of microsatellite markers pointed out that all built primers pairs, when submitted to PCR, had amplification. They showed sizes of base pairs ranging between 113 and 250 bp. The demographic analyses showed a clustered standard of spatial distribution in the first distance classes, random between 40 and 50 m and segregated in higher distances. Eight ISSR primers were used, thereby producing a total of 102 loci, with 100 of them being polymorphic. Among the three stages, the young showed the highest Nei?s genetic diversity index (He = 0.37); whilst the lowest index was found in the reproductive adults (He = 0.34). The AMOVA results showed a greater genetic differentiation within the development stages (98.61%) in comparison to the interval among the stages (1.39%). The total population (n = 161) showed a positive and significant relationship of kinship in the first distance class (12.3 m). The young showed a significant kinship up to 10.5 m and negative in the fifth distance class (37.6 m). The non-reproductive adults had a positive relationship of kinship in the first distance class (11.0 m) and random distribution of genotypes in the remaining classes. The reproductive adults showed genotypes spatially distributed in a random way. The values for the genetic bottleneck tests proved that the number of loci with excess observed heterozygosity was greater than expected. The SGS results reflect the restricted dispersion of the species, and the bottleneck tests reflect the reduction genotypes provoked by the anthropization of natural environments of C. prunifera.

Submitted by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T13:49:38Z No. of bitstreams: 5 1.pdf: 5282104 bytes, checksum: 5079ffdcbf2b7fa8508a090d60e3bc93 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2015-01-23T17:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 5 1.pdf: 5282104 bytes, checksum: 5079ffdcbf2b7fa8508a090d60e3bc93 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-23T17:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 5 1.pdf: 5282104 bytes, checksum: 5079ffdcbf2b7fa8508a090d60e3bc93 (MD5) license_url: 52 bytes, checksum: 3d480ae6c91e310daba2020f8787d6f9 (MD5) license_text: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender alguns par?metros acerca da hist?ria natural da esp?cie Baccharis platypoda, um arbusto dioico pertencente ? fam?lia Asteraceae, com indiv?duos masculinos e femininos que apresentam dimorfismo sexual e habitam ?reas de campo rupestre, campos e bordas de matas ciliares. Para compreender alguns pontos sobre sua autoecologia, foram analisadas a distribui??o espacial, a fenologia e as intera??es ecol?gicas entre a esp?cie e insetos end?fagos. O estudo foi realizado em tr?s ?reas pertencentes ? Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri ? UFVJM, localizados no Campus JK, pr?ximo ao C?rrego do Soberbo. A ?rea ? composta por mosaicos de vegeta??o, onde h? predom?nio de afloramentos rochosos e campos ?midos. Em cada ?rea, foram selecionados dez indiv?duos de B. platypoda, sendo cinco indiv?duos de cada sexo, onde, por um per?odo de um ano (set./2010 a set/2011) foram feitas visitas quinzenais para a observa??o dos est?gios fenol?gicos. Nesse per?odo, foram coletados cap?tulos quinzenalmente para cria??o de insetos end?fagos em recipientes vedados com algod?o e que, ap?s a eclos?o, foram conservados em ?lcool 70%; os cap?tulos foram dissecados para an?lise dos danos ?s estruturas florais. Para o estudo da distribui??o espacial, todos os indiv?duos foram localizados por meio das coordenadas x e y de cada planta, com altura ?30 cm atrav?s das dist?ncias, obtidas com uma trena, e identificados quanto ao sexo ou como jovem, pela aus?ncia de estruturas reprodutoras. O padr?o de distribui??o espacial foi determinado atrav?s da Fun??o K de Ripley univariada e bivariada, enquanto que os padr?es fenol?gicos foram determinados atrav?s da an?lise de intensidade de Fournier, correla??o de Spearman e an?lise circular. O padr?o de herbivoria foi analisado atrav?s da an?lise de regress?o linear, teste de Kruskal-Wallis e an?lise de agrupamento pelo m?todo de Two-Way-joining. Foi aplicado o teste de qui-quadrado para o estudo de distribui??o espacial e para o padr?o de herbivoria. Baccharis. platypoda apresentou padr?o agregado com varia??es em escalas diferentes para jovens e adultos e semelhan?a espacial entre indiv?duos de ambos os sexos. No entanto, a independ?ncia espacial entre os indiv?duos da esp?cie se mostrou uma constante. A fenologia reprodutiva da esp?cie esteve associada a algumas vari?veis ambientais (precipita??o e temperatura), enquanto que a fenologia vegetativa, de modo geral, apresentou-se relacionada ? fenologia reprodutiva das esp?cies. Insetos end?fagos apresentaram prefer?ncias quanto ao sexo e est?gio fenol?gico dos cap?tulos, havendo maior preda??o em cap?tulos masculinos e em est?gios mais desenvolvidos. Assim, a esp?cie apresentou correla??o entre a sua distribui??o espacial, os est?gios fenol?gicos (principalmente a fenologia reprodutiva) e os padr?es de ataque de insetos end?fagos, sugerindo a utiliza??o deste conhecimento na elabora??o de poss?veis estrat?gias de preserva??o e manejo. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Ci?ncia Florestal, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2012. / ABSTRACT This study has as its main goal the understanding of some parameters on the natural history of the Baccharis platypoda species, a unisexual bush belonging to the Asteraceae subdivision, in which both male and female single organisms present sexual dimorphism inhabiting in rupestrian field areas, fields and woodland ciliary edges. In order to have a better understanding on some issues of its auto ecology, spatial, phenology, and ecological interactions between the species, endophage insects have been analyszed. This study took place in three areas belonging to UFVJM - Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, situated at the JK Campus, by the Soberbo Stream. The area is composed of a miscellany vegetation with the prevalence of protruding rocks and wet fields. Ten B. platypoda organisms were selected from each one of these areas, five from each gender. During one year from september, 2010 to september, 2011 biweekly inspections for the watch of phenological stages were made. During this period of time, biweekly chapters for the production of endophage insects were gathered in cotton sealed containers preserved in alcohol after emergence. The chapters were dissected for the analysis of possible floral composition damages. For the spatial distribution study all the organisms were found through the use of X and Y reference point of each plant with height of 30 cm or over, tape measured, identified as to gender or youth due to absence of reproductive compositions. The spatial distribution pattern was established through the use of Ripley's K Function univariate and bivariate, whereas the phenological patterns were determined through the analysis of Fournier intensity, Spearman's corelation and circular analysis. The herbivory pattern was analyzed through the linear regression analysis, Kruskal-Wallis's test, and the Two-Way-joining method. The chi-square test was used for the study of spatial distribution and for the herbivory pattern. Baccharis. platypoda showed aggregate pattern with variations in different ranges both for young and adults, and also spatial likeness with organisms of both genders. However, there was a steady spatial independence among the organisms of the species. The species reproductive phenology was associated to some environmental variations (precipitation and temperature), whereas the vegetative phenology as a whole was related to the reproductive species phenology. Endophage insects showed preferences as to genger and phonological chapter stages; there was more predation in male chapters in more developed stages. Thus, the species presented correlation among its spatial distribution, phenological stages (mainly the reproductive phenology) and the patterns of phenological insects, suggesting the use of this knowledge in the elaboration of possible strategies for preservation and management.