The presented dissertation deals with the history of the painter's guild of the New Town of Prague with the main emphasis on its form and development in the 17th and 18th centuries but doesn't leave aside the period of older history. The work thus focuses on New Town painters from the beginnings of the existence of their guild, through the issuance of the privilege of Emperor Rudolf II. in 1595, by which he granted the Old Town-Lesser Town painter's guild significant privileges, as a result of which the joint development of all Prague painting associations began to take different paths. The thesis also deals with the circumstances leading to the demise of the guild in the 1780s, when the Prague painters' fraternities were abolished by Emperor Joseph II. In addition to the history of the painters' association, the thesis provides an insight into the guild life of New Town painters, which it monitors in individual positions within the guild hierarchy, focuses on the functioning of the association itself, its management, material and written sources, representation of the corporation and individual members, and last but not least, it describes the way of worshiping the patron saint of painters - St. Luke. Because not only members of the guild worked as painters in the New Town of Prague, the work also...

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本論文選取畫家符羅飛（1897-1971）進行研究，旨在通過文字及圖像史料復原這一被視作“歷史失蹤者的藝術家個案，並將其放在20 世紀中國藝術與革命互動關係的語境中進行考察。文章依據時序及符羅飛活動地點與内容的變化，分爲五個章節，結合文獻考據、視覺分析及藝術社會學等研究方法，分別探討他於20 世紀20 至60 年代在上海、意大利、香港及華南等地的藝術創作與社會活動，並著重觀察這位以藝術積極投入社會革命、且擁有明確政治信仰的畫家及其代表的群體，是如何通過主動轉變藝術面貌，從而與20 世紀中國社會的大變動連成一體。本文認爲：符羅飛於抗戰期間攜傾向古典寫實的那不勒斯畫派畫風及自創的水墨寫生歸國，但其藝術救國活動最初並未達至理想效果；直到40 年代中期才在通過不斷地寫生、辦展，逐漸吸收國統區漫畫與木刻中流行的德國表現主義元素，脫胎出具有強烈視覺刺激和道德感召力、又符合中共革命訴求的代表性藝術面貌，在特定的政治人群中得到廣泛承認，在此過程中輿論因素的影響不可忽視；同時，他的彩墨實驗等游離於政治目標之外的藝術活動打破了“革命畫家"的刻板印象；而他在政權鼎革後因未能適應高度一元化的藝壇新秩序而湮沒於混亂時世的最終命運，又折射出五四以來自由知識分子傳統與中共黨文化之間不可調和的矛盾。 / This thesis is a monographic study on the artist Fu Luofei (1897-1971), aiming to reconstruct his life and art with textual and visual historical materials, with focus on the interaction between art and revolution in the twentieth-century China. The five chapters of this thesis examine Fu’s artistic and social activities in Shanghai, Italy, Hong Kong and South China from the 1920s to 1960s chronologically, and mainly investigate how this artist, who had definite political belief and was willing to devote his art to social revolution, involved in and acted on the transformation of Chinese society in the twentieth century through continuously transforming his artistic styles. / As this study demonstrates, Fu brought back from Italy the representational painting style of the Neapolitan School and the achievement of his ink experiment in the late 1930s. However, his attempt on “saving the nation by art" did not succeed until mid-1940s. At that time, Fu established his signature style by absorbing the visual elements of German Expressionist paintings, one of the prevailing styles for cartoons and woodcut prints in the Kuomintang ruled areas. His signature style, which was strong in visual stimulation as well as in moral and emotional appeal, was developed through unceasing exchanges with the leftist critics and echoed with the political demand of the Chinese Communist Party. Meanwhile, as is rarely known, Fu also painted in the form of traditional guohua (Chinese national painting), which reveals a not-so-revolutionary side of the “revolutionary artist". His tragedy after the establishment of the People’s Republic vividly illustrates the irreconcilable conflicts between the May Fourth tradition of intellectual independence and the political culture of the CCP. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 陳鶯. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-307) and index. / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Chen Ying. / 導言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 留學意大利（1930-1938） --- p.12 / Chapter 第一節 --- 文獻回顧：留意傳奇與疑問 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二節 --- 歐遊前傳：上海美專及其它 --- p.17 / Chapter 第三節 --- 那不勒斯：特殊的選擇 --- p.22 / Chapter 第四節 --- 美術學院内外 --- p.29 / Chapter 第五節 --- “求真"與“人情"：學院傳統及留意畫作 --- p.49 / Chapter 第六節 --- 東方學院：在中意之間 --- p.67 / Chapter 第七節 --- 歸國始末 --- p.84 / Chapter 第二章 --- 一九三八年在香港（1938-1939） --- p.103 / Chapter 第一節 --- 登場 --- p.103 / Chapter 第二節 --- 抗戰救國理想的首次實踐 --- p.107 / Chapter 第三節 --- 中國筆作西洋畫 --- p.117 / Chapter 第四節 --- 社會網絡：文化人、政經界及同鄉會組織 --- p.127 / Chapter 第五節 --- 結果與現實 --- p.135 / Chapter 第三章 --- 從歐洲學院到中國現實（1939-1948） --- p.140 / Chapter 第一節 --- 北上行蹤 --- p.140 / Chapter 第二節 --- 風格改造：形式與内容 --- p.144 / Chapter （一） --- 1941年桂林展 --- p.145 / Chapter （二） --- 1943年“現實主義浪漫派"巡展 --- p.152 / Chapter （三） --- 1946至1948年穗港展 --- p.158 / Chapter 第三節 --- 代表性風格的面貌 --- p.164 / Chapter （一） --- 代表性風格的兩種類型 --- p.165 / Chapter （二） --- 保留的與捨棄的 --- p.171 / Chapter （三） --- 新風格形成期間所受之影響 --- p.173 / Chapter 第四節 --- 風格選擇的成因：表現主義與中國“現實" --- p.180 / Chapter 第四章 --- 重訪香江（1947-1949） --- p.189 / Chapter 第一節 --- 再度居港與文化人南下潮 --- p.188 / Chapter 第二節 --- 人間畫會：組織結構及主要活動 --- p.193 / Chapter 第三節 --- 左翼文藝標準的強化 --- p.202 / Chapter 第四節 --- “國畫"：代表性風格以外的藝術嘗試 --- p.210 / Chapter 第五節 --- 短暫的美國夢 --- p.218 / Chapter 第六節 --- 迎接新中國 --- p.226 / Chapter 第五章 --- 政治氣候的轉變（1949-1971） --- p.235 / Chapter 第一節 --- 從體制外到體制内 --- p.235 / Chapter 第二節 --- 過渡時期：以舊風格唱新語句 --- p.241 / Chapter 第三節 --- 代表性畫風的瓶頸 --- p.249 / Chapter 第四節 --- 描繪新生活 --- p.257 / Chapter 第五節 --- 傳奇落幕 --- p.265 / Chapter 結語 --- 自畫像：個人命運與時代洪流 --- p.271 / 中文參考文獻 --- p.294 / 外文參考文獻 --- p.304 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 符羅飛藝術活動年表 --- p.308 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 人名索引 --- p.321 / 圖版目錄 --- p.329 / 圖版 --- p.351

Master of Philosophy / Grace Crowley was one of the leading innovators of geometric abstraction in Australia. When she returned to Australia in 1930 she had thoroughly mastered the complex mathematics and geometry of the golden section and dynamic symmetry that had become one of the frameworks for modernism. Crowley, Anne Dangar and Dorrit Black all studied under the foremost teacher of modernism in Paris, André Lhote. Crowley not only taught the golden section and dynamic symmetry to Rah Fizelle, Ralph Balson and students of the Crowley-Fizelle Art School, but used it to develop her own abstract art during the 1940s and 1950s, well in advance of the arrival of colour-field painting to Australia in the 1960s. Through her teaching at the most progressive modern art school in Sydney in the 1930s Crowley taught the basic compositional techniques as she had learnt them from Lhote. When the art school closed in 1937 she worked in partnership with fellow artist, Ralph Balson as they developed their art into constructive, abstract paintings. Balson has been credited with being the most influential painter in the development of geometric abstraction in Australia for a younger generation of artists. This is largely due to Crowley’s insistence that Balson was the major innovator who led her into abstraction. She consistently refused to take credit for her own role in their artistic partnership. My research indicates that there were a number of factors that strongly influenced Crowley to support Balson and deny her own role. Her archives contain sensitive records of the breakup of her partnership with Rah Fizelle and the closure of the Crowley-Fizelle Art School. These, and other archival material, indicate that Fizelle’s inability to master and teach the golden section and dynamic symmetry, and Crowley’s greater popularity as a teacher, was the real cause of the closure of the School. Crowley left notes in her Archives that she still felt deeply distressed, even forty years after the events, and did not wish the circumstances of the closure known in her lifetime. With the closure of the Art School and her close friend Dangar living in France, her friendship with Balson offered a way forward. This thesis argues that Crowley chose to conceal her considerable mathematical and geometric ability, rather than risk losing another friend and artistic partner in a similar way to the breakup of the partnership with Fizelle. With the death of her father in this period, she needed to spend much time caring for her mother and that left her little time for painting. She later also said she felt that a man had a better chance of gaining acceptance as an artist, but it is equally true that, without Dangar, she had no-one to give her support or encourage her as an artist. By supporting Balson she was able to provide him with a place to work in her studio and had a friend with whom she could share her own passion for art, as she had done with Dangar. During her long friendship with Balson, she painted with him and gave him opportunities to develop his talents, which he could not have accessed without her. She taught him, by discreet practical demonstration the principles she had learnt from Lhote about composition. He had only attended the sketch club associated with the Crowley- Fizelle Art School. Together they discussed and planned their paintings from the late 1930s and worked together on abstract paintings until the mid-1950s when, in his retirement from house-painting, she provided him with a quiet, secluded place in which to paint and experiment with new techniques. With her own artistic contacts in France, she gained him international recognition as an abstract painter and his own solo exhibition in a leading Paris art gallery. After his death in 1964, she continued to promote his art to curators and researchers, recording his life and art for posterity. The artist with whom she studied modernism in Paris, Anne Dangar, also received her lifelong support and promotion. In the last decade of her life Crowley provided detailed information to curators and art historians on the lives of both her friends, Dangar and Balson, meticulously keeping accurate records of theirs and her own life devoted to art. In her latter years she arranged to deposit these records in public institutions, thus becoming a contributor to Australian art history. As a result of this foresight, the stories of both her friends, Balson and Dangar, have since become a record of Australian art history. (PLEASE NOTE: Some illustrations in this thesis have been removed due to copyright restrictions, but may be consulted in the print version held in the Fisher Library, University of Sydney. APPENDIX 1 gratefully supplied from the Grace Crowley Archives, Art Gallery of New South Wales Research Library)

Revision of Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1977. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [213]-218) and index.

This thesis is concerned with several aspects of the life and work of the Canadian painter Laura Muntz (1860--1930). It examines in particular Muntz's images of women and children both within the cultural themes and ideologies of the period and from the perspective of contemporary twentieth-century theories of gender. The introduction and literature review outline the broad issues surrounding the artist in her time and present a summary of her critical fortunes in Canadian art historical literature. Chapter one provides a discussion of Muntz's life and artistic production between 1860 and 1898, the year in which she returned to Toronto after a decade of study and work in Europe. The following two chapters are conceived as case studies of single paintings, observed in the context of various discourses that surround them. Chapter two analyses Muntz's Madonna and Child in terms of hereditarian theories, eugenics, maternal feminism and the Canadian social purity movement and considers the broader, psychological implications of gender, specifically in the fin-de-siecle associations of femininity and death. Chapter three examines the imagery in Muntz's Protection with reference to North American Symbolist painters and their relationship to the constructs of the feminine ideal. As a whole, the thesis elucidates the complex layers of meaning that Muntz's images of women and children contributed to the popular conceptions of femininity and motherhood current in her time.

Master of Philosophy / Grace Crowley was one of the leading innovators of geometric abstraction in Australia. When she returned to Australia in 1930 she had thoroughly mastered the complex mathematics and geometry of the golden section and dynamic symmetry that had become one of the frameworks for modernism. Crowley, Anne Dangar and Dorrit Black all studied under the foremost teacher of modernism in Paris, André Lhote. Crowley not only taught the golden section and dynamic symmetry to Rah Fizelle, Ralph Balson and students of the Crowley-Fizelle Art School, but used it to develop her own abstract art during the 1940s and 1950s, well in advance of the arrival of colour-field painting to Australia in the 1960s. Through her teaching at the most progressive modern art school in Sydney in the 1930s Crowley taught the basic compositional techniques as she had learnt them from Lhote. When the art school closed in 1937 she worked in partnership with fellow artist, Ralph Balson as they developed their art into constructive, abstract paintings. Balson has been credited with being the most influential painter in the development of geometric abstraction in Australia for a younger generation of artists. This is largely due to Crowley’s insistence that Balson was the major innovator who led her into abstraction. She consistently refused to take credit for her own role in their artistic partnership. My research indicates that there were a number of factors that strongly influenced Crowley to support Balson and deny her own role. Her archives contain sensitive records of the breakup of her partnership with Rah Fizelle and the closure of the Crowley-Fizelle Art School. These, and other archival material, indicate that Fizelle’s inability to master and teach the golden section and dynamic symmetry, and Crowley’s greater popularity as a teacher, was the real cause of the closure of the School. Crowley left notes in her Archives that she still felt deeply distressed, even forty years after the events, and did not wish the circumstances of the closure known in her lifetime. With the closure of the Art School and her close friend Dangar living in France, her friendship with Balson offered a way forward. This thesis argues that Crowley chose to conceal her considerable mathematical and geometric ability, rather than risk losing another friend and artistic partner in a similar way to the breakup of the partnership with Fizelle. With the death of her father in this period, she needed to spend much time caring for her mother and that left her little time for painting. She later also said she felt that a man had a better chance of gaining acceptance as an artist, but it is equally true that, without Dangar, she had no-one to give her support or encourage her as an artist. By supporting Balson she was able to provide him with a place to work in her studio and had a friend with whom she could share her own passion for art, as she had done with Dangar. During her long friendship with Balson, she painted with him and gave him opportunities to develop his talents, which he could not have accessed without her. She taught him, by discreet practical demonstration the principles she had learnt from Lhote about composition. He had only attended the sketch club associated with the Crowley- Fizelle Art School. Together they discussed and planned their paintings from the late 1930s and worked together on abstract paintings until the mid-1950s when, in his retirement from house-painting, she provided him with a quiet, secluded place in which to paint and experiment with new techniques. With her own artistic contacts in France, she gained him international recognition as an abstract painter and his own solo exhibition in a leading Paris art gallery. After his death in 1964, she continued to promote his art to curators and researchers, recording his life and art for posterity. The artist with whom she studied modernism in Paris, Anne Dangar, also received her lifelong support and promotion. In the last decade of her life Crowley provided detailed information to curators and art historians on the lives of both her friends, Dangar and Balson, meticulously keeping accurate records of theirs and her own life devoted to art. In her latter years she arranged to deposit these records in public institutions, thus becoming a contributor to Australian art history. As a result of this foresight, the stories of both her friends, Balson and Dangar, have since become a record of Australian art history. (PLEASE NOTE: Some illustrations in this thesis have been removed due to copyright restrictions, but may be consulted in the print version held in the Fisher Library, University of Sydney. APPENDIX 1 gratefully supplied from the Grace Crowley Archives, Art Gallery of New South Wales Research Library)