Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-09T15:44:08Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 4639958 bytes, checksum: 77a393d3768b9b607fbd6f3b063611bd (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-10T19:34:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 4639958 bytes, checksum: 77a393d3768b9b607fbd6f3b063611bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-10T19:34:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 DISSERTAÇÃO.pdf: 4639958 bytes, checksum: 77a393d3768b9b607fbd6f3b063611bd (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / O estado do Rio Grande do Sul, conhecido pela sua produção agrícola tem sido afetado pela queda na produtividade das principais culturas, em decorrência de longos períodos sem precipitação. Os impactos da seca têm influência direta nas atividades agrícolas e econômicas do estado, refletindo-se na baixa disponibilidade de umidade no solo, o que torna o suprimento de água às culturas insuficiente para repor as perdas. Pesquisar a influência da seca na disponibilidade de recursos hídricos, como sua caracterização para identificação de períodos secos, poderá possibilitar o monitoramento dos seus efeitos, auxiliando no planejamento e na diminuição dos seus impactos. Para tanto são utilizados alguns índices de secas que possibilitam quantificar e classificar este fenômeno. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar o comportamento da seca agrícola e meteorológica, a partir da utilização do Índice de Severidade de Seca de Palmer (PDSI), Índice de Anomalia de Umidade de Palmer (Z) e do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação (SPI), em algumas localidades do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para tanto foram utilizados dados de temperatura média do ar e de precipitação pluvial de 12 postos meteorológicos do Estado, fornecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e pela Agência Nacional de Águas, contemplando um período de 53 anos de dados, para o período de 1961 a 2013. Para o cálculo dos índices PDSI e Z foram utilizadas equações do balanço hídrico climatológico, realizado pelo método descrito por Thornthwaite (1948), adotando uma capacidade de água disponível no solo de 100 mm para todas as localidades. Os resultados mostraram que o índice PDSI apresentou maiores eventos de secas severas e extremas em relação aos índices SPI e Z. Considerando a análise comparativa dos eventos de secas, o SPI teve maior proximidade do PDSI, quanto ao número de eventos e boa correlação quando aplicado o modelo linear, apesar das correlações entre o SPI e o índice Z também não mostrarem diferença significativa pelo teste t, do parâmetro angular do ajuste linear, a 5% de probabilidade de erro. / The state of Rio Grande do Sul, known for its agricultural production has been affected by the fall in the productivity of major crops due to long periods without precipitation. The drought impacts have direct influence on agricultural and economic activities of the state, reflected in the low moisture availability in the soil, which makes the water supply to crops insufficient to replace losses. Search the influence of drought on the availability of water resources, as its characterization for identifying dry periods, can enable for both are used some drought indices is possible to quantify and classify this phenomenon. The monitoring of their effects, assisting in planning and reduction of their impacts. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the behavior of agricultural and dry weather, from the use of drought Palmer Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer Moisture Anomaly Index (Z) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), in some localities of Rio Grande do Sul state. Therefore, we used data Average air temperature and precipitation of 12 meteorological stations in the Rio Grande do Sul, provided by the National Institute of Meteorology and the National Water Agency, covering a period of 53 years of data for the 1961 period 2013. To calculate the PDSI and Z index were used climatological water balance equations, performed by the method described by Thornthwaite (1948), adopting a water capacity available in 100 mm ground for all locations. The results showed that the PDSI index showed the biggest events of severe and extreme droughts in relation to SPI and Z indices Considering the comparative analysis of drought events, the SPI had closer the PDSI in the number of events and good correlation when applied linear model, although the correlation between the SPI and the Z index did not show significant difference by t test, the angular parameter linear fit, 5% error probability.

As medical advances are made in the area of neonatology, more and more premature babies are surviving at younger gestational ages and lower birth weights. Growth in the survival rates of preterm infants leads to questions regarding the long term developmental trajectory of these children. The current study sought to expand on research regarding dimensions of childhood functioning and to apply it to the problem of prematurity by (a) utilizing a new instrument: the Merrill Palmer Revised edition, (b) including children of preterm and full term birth statuses from as young as 2 months of age, and (c) collecting data from parental and clinician reports. In addition to attempts to clarify the relationship between birth status and childhood dysfunction, this study also sought to augment existing literature by exploring the correlation between parental report and clinician observation of childhood dysfunction. The results of this study did not support the hypothesis that children of preterm birth will demonstrate more problems in functioning when compared to full term peers. Although there were more significant differences between preterm and full term children in the older cohort group, those differences did not consistently reflect dysfunction by the preterm children. Additionally, this study considered dimensions of dysfunction as measured by parental report and clinician observations. Notably, a lack of agreement between parent and clinician observations emerged for the young age cohort group. However, the high level of agreement for the older children suggests that parental and clinician perspectives converge with older children. Contrary to the hypothesis, birth status, gender, ethnicity, and SES did not collectively form a specific risk index for dysfunction. However, these factors did interact with each other to predict functioning on several scales. In fact, there were no significant main effects. Instead, predictors of dysfunction were interactions of variables such as birth status, age, gender, and ethnicity. This general finding illustrates the importance of taking into consideration all aspects of the childs situation when making an assessment of functioning.

With the introduction of herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth into Kentucky during the past 10 years there has been an increasing concern for effective control measures in grain production. Field trials were performed in 2016 and 2017 near Barlow and Paris, KY to determine efficacy of chemical control programs targeting herbicide resistant Palmer amaranth. Percent visual control, effects on plant density and plant height were measured in 2016 to determine treatment effectiveness. Treatments containing four different sites of herbicide activity achieved an average of 98% control. Treatments containing only 3, 2 or 1 site of activity only achieved 64%, 45% and 33% control, respectively. Within the long-chain fatty acid inhibitors herbicides in this study, pre-emergent applied pyroxasulfone provided greater control than S-metolachlor or acetochlor. Pyroxasulfone also provided greater control than the photosystem II herbicides atrazine and metribuzin. In 2017 PRE treatments consisting of three-way mixtures of flumioxazin + pyroxasulfone + chlorimuron or S-metolachlor + metribuzin + fomesafen followed by a POST herbicide treatment provided > 90% suppression of Palmer amaranth 4 weeks after trial initiation. Post-emergence treatments containing glyphosate + dicamba or glyphosate + 2,4-D following a soil-applied pre-emergent treatment achieved the most effective season-long control of Palmer amaranth.

This thesis examines the Riot Grrrl bands of the 1990s, as well as Amanda Palmer today, as examples of feminist punk artists. Rather than focusing on Riot Grrrl as a unique musical episode, this thesis argues that all punk is activist in nature, and that Riot Grrrl was building on this activist tradition while challenging the misogyny implicit in punk culture. Likewise, Amanda Palmer uses similar punk strategies (such as a DIY approach to music production, and direct interaction with fans) to create political music.

In mid nineteenth century, the Anglican Church witnessed an erosion of its authority over British society to the benefit of Protestant sects. William Palmer, a specialist in theology, believed the solution resided in Ecumenism. To him, the Roman-Catholic, Anglican and Orthodox Churches were branches of the same universal Church. Unlike the Tractarians who looked to Rome, Palmer saw in the Orthodox Church the essence of the primitive Church. He therefore spent his life attempting to convince religious authorities at home, in Russia, Scotland and Greece, that the Anglican faith was comprised in Orthodoxy and vice-versa. However, after years of research, analysis and numerous publication on the subject, Palmer realised that both the Anglican and Orthodox Churches had grave inconsistencies which were incompatible with his beliefs. Disillusioned, he converted to Catholicism although still committed to the reunification of Christianity.

Thesis (M.A.)--Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, 1995. / Abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 178-187).

Throughout an adult life that witnessed drastic cultural upheaval between the Civil War and World War I, Bertha Honoré Palmer (1849-1918) was continually called on to deploy her Victorian values in response to modern events. Being a woman only complicated this negotiation. But being a child of the American frontier granted her a latitude and mobility that were rare for women of her class and era – allowing her to challenge gender boundaries and occupy more than one cultural space at a time. Most of what has been written about Bertha Palmer’s life has been exceptionalist in approach and tone, ascribing her outsized social and political successes to her physical beauty and perfection of temperament. I believe Bertha Palmer’s importance as a crucial transitional bridge between True Woman and New Woman has been underestimated in this discourse. Near the end of her life, a move to Florida offered her the potential to resolve the inside/outside, domestic/public, feminine/masculine dialectics that lay at the heart of her restless movements. These contradictions and dichotomies that Bertha Palmer embodied on a grand scale do more to make her knowable to us today than the record of her words and actions can accomplish. Both her Victorian reticence and her modernistic construction of a seamless public façade have a way of hindering our best efforts to understand her motivations – especially the choice to move to Florida – despite a wealth of biographical material, including her correspondence housed in Chicago and Sarasota history centers, and contemporary news accounts. In the end, the cultural history of the Gilded Age gives us the only reliable lens for penetrating the veneer of Bertha Palmer.

Master of Science / Department of Agronomy / Johanna A. Dille / Palmer amaranth and horseweed are problematic weeds in no-till soybeans in Kansas. Integrating cover crops and herbicide programs could suppress weed populations. To determine the emergence pattern and survival of horseweed, a study was conducted across six locations in eastern KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Horseweed seedlings and leaf number per seedling were recorded at two-week intervals. Cumulative GDDs required to reach 50% horseweed emergence increased from north to south. Horseweed survival ranged from 4 to 90%, and majority of horseweed emerged in the fall. Field studies were conducted to determine effects of cover crops and herbicide programs on Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2014-2015 and 2015-2016. Five cover crop treatments included no cover, fall-sown winter wheat, spring-sown oat, pea, and mixture of oat and pea. Cover crops were terminated in May with glyphosate and 2,4-D alone or with residual herbicides of flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone. By 10 weeks after termination in 2014-2015, Palmer amaranth biomass and density, averaged across cover crops. was 95 and 69% less with residual herbicides than without, respectively, and Palmer amaranth biomass was 98% less in winter wheat and 91% less in spring oat, averaged across termination methods, compared to no cover. Time to 50% Palmer amaranth emergence was delayed with winter wheat, spring oat, and spring oat/pea mix without residual herbicide. Soybean yields were greater with residual herbicide and greater with winter wheat or spring oat cover crop in 2014-2015. A field study was conducted to determine suppression effects of cover crop and herbicide programs on horseweed and Palmer amaranth near Manhattan, KS in 2015-2016. Three fall treatments included fall-sown rye, a residual herbicide tank mix of glyphosate, dicamba, chlorimuron-ethyl, tribenuron-methyl, and AMS, and no fall application. Four spring treatments included no spring application or three herbicide tank mixes: glyphosate, dicamba, and AMS alone or with flumioxazin and pyroxasulfone as early preplant, or as split applied with 2/3 preplant and 1/3 at soybean planting. Similar levels of horseweed suppression were observed when some control measure was used in fall or spring. Fall rye completely suppressed horseweed while the fall herbicide suppressed biomass by 93% and density by 86% compared to no fall application. Palmer amaranth suppression was observed when a spring herbicide application was used. In rye, total weed biomass was reduced by 97% or more across all spring treatments. Total weed biomass was reduced with a spring herbicide was used. Soybean yields were least when no herbicide treatment was used in the spring. An integrated program of fall cover crops or herbicide applications together with spring herbicide applications maintained soybean yields.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Agronomy / Johanna A. Dille / Palmer amaranth is a competitive weed and has caused variable corn yield losses in diverse environments of Kansas. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine corn and Palmer amaranth growth, development, and grain (seed) production, 2) determine soil water content throughout the growing season, and 3) evaluate the performance of the modified ALMANAC model for simulating monoculture corn yield and corn yield loss from Palmer amaranth competition when corn and Palmer amaranth were grown alone or in competition under dryland and irrigated environments. For the first objective, field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 with whole-plots of dryland and furrow irrigation arranged in a side-by-side design. Within each soil water environment, sub-plot treatments were monoculture Palmer amaranth at one plant m-1 of row, and corn with zero, one, and four Palmer amaranth plants m-1 of row. Corn height, leaf number, LAI, and total plant dry weight were reduced with increasing water stress and were reduced further in the presence of Palmer amaranth. Corn yield losses were similar with increasing Palmer amaranth density across soil water environments in each year, except for 2006 dryland corn. Palmer amaranth growth and development were negatively impacted by corn interference and weed density. For the second objective, Time Domain Reflectometry measurements documented seasonal trends of volumetric soil water content at the 0 to 15 and 0 to 30 cm soil profile depths for treatments in dryland and irrigated environments each year. The soil water depletion rate increased as water received prior to a drying period increased at the 0 to 30 cm soil depth in the dryland and irrigated environments. For the third objective, the modified ALMANAC model was parameterized based on monoculture corn and Palmer amaranth growth data. The model underestimated monoculture corn yield but overestimated corn yield with Palmer amaranth competition. The model performance was not consistent when comparing simulation results to dryland and irrigated experiments conducted across Kansas. Overall, the experiment provided an improved understanding of corn yield loss risks associated with water management and Palmer amaranth competition.

Research was conducted in 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the use of saflufenacil in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Studies included a preemergence evaluation of different rates of saflufenacil in comparison to one rate of carfentrazone, a postemergence evaluation of saflufenacil at different rates and carfentrazone at one rate at different postemergence timings, an adjuvant evaluation to assess rice injury and weed control from different adjuvants when mixed with saflufenacil, a Clearfield program evaluation where saflufenacil was compared to other broadleaf herbicides in a Clearfield weed control program, and a cultivar tolerance evaluation where postemergence applications of saflufenacil were compared to carfentrazone on five different commercial rice cultivars.