No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

This research investigated several aspects of passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) which were previously unexplored or understudied. A comparison of autonomous recording units (ARUs) for use with BirdNET for the purpose of bird monitoring was conducted. Four ARUs were compared, including AudioMoth, SM4, SMMicro, and SwiftOne. We found that, of the performance metrics for which ARU choice made a statistically significant difference (P>0.01), which included sensitivity, specificity, F1 harmonic mean, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient, (but not precision: P = 0.94), AudioMoth had the best performance for all statistically significant performance metrics except for specificity, for which SMMicro had the highest. The same audio was then processed using 18 combinations of Overlap and Sensitivity, including default settings. We found that Overlap and Sensitivity values were highly significant (P>0.001) for all performance metrics: precision, sensitivity, specificity, F1 harmonic mean, and Matthews Correlation Coefficient. No individual Overlap-Sensitivity setting combination performed outperformed others in most of the performance metrics; however, in general, as Overlap or Sensitivity increased, the number of true and false positive species reports increased while the number of false negatives decreased. Four confidence-based threshold types were then used to filter BirdNET output to compare threshold performances, comparing two arbitrary thresholds and two species-specific thresholds which were calculated using manual validation data. Of the thresholds tested, one of the arbitrary threshold types and one of the species-specific threshold types achieved a precision ≥ 0.95. We hope this research will help guide PAM decisions regarding ARU choice, BirdNET settings, and threshold type choice.

Följande uppsats kommer att fokusera på relationen mellan Quentin Tarantino och blaxploitation, och syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka huruvida Tarantino väljer att representera sina svarta kvinnliga huvudkaraktärer annorlunda i sina blaxploitation-influerade filmer Jackie Brown (1997) och Django Unchained (2012) i jämförelse med representationen av svarta kvinnliga huvudkaraktärer i två av de mest kända blaxploitationfilmerna från 1970-talet, Coffy (1973) och Foxy Brown (1974). Den grundläggande teorin för uppsatsen är den feministiska filmteorin, men andra texter som berör representationen av kvinnor och specifikt svarta kvinnor på film är lika väsentliga. Mitt tillvägagångssätt för att besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar är att genom närläsning av de utvalda filmerna samt deras respektive kvinnliga karaktärer, med understöd av relevant litteratur och teorier, göra en jämförande analys. Slutresultatet visar att Tarantino i och med filmen Jackie Brown lyckas utveckla den svarta och starka kvinnliga karaktären från blaxploitation dock utan att föra vidare undergenrens problematiska sexualisering av kvinnokroppen. Däremot lyckas han inte lika bra i samband med Django Unchained, där den kvinnliga, ofta hjälplösa, huvudkaraktären främst visas som antingen någonting vackert eller någon som plågas för andras njutning.

Snow algae are psychrophilic microorganisms, that inhabit snow fields in mountains and polar regions, which creates colored snow in good conditions. Most species belong to order Chlamydomonadales (Chlorophyta) with complicated life cycles, containing flagellates and immobile stages (cysts). Extreme environment of snow is characteristed by low temperature, problems with availability of water and lack of nutrition. Depending on location and phase of life cycle, snow algae have to deal with excess or lack of solar radiation, the important component of which is also dangerous UV radiation. The light conditions differ substantially from open location above the forest level or polar regions to forest habitats. In the first part of this work I compared reactions of photosynthetic apparatus of snow algae strains from forest and forestless habitats to different intensity of radiation, then I dealt with assessing any changes related to long-term cultivation in laboratory. Based on measurement of rapid light curves on PAM fluorometer I have determined some characteristics of photosynthetic apparatus of individual strains (parameters α and Ik), which indicate adaptation to low or high light intensity. For some strains, it was possible to compare the results obtained at a three-year interval. In the second part...

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de NÃvel Superior / Neste trabalho, foram investigadas as caracterÃsticas de operaÃÃo de um Acoplador Direcional NÃo-Linear(NLDC) Duplo SimÃtrico, trabalhando com pulsos de , em duas diferentes aplicaÃÃes: ObtenÃÃo de portas lÃgicas E e OU, sob ModulaÃÃo Por PosiÃÃo de Pulsos (PPM); obtenÃÃo de portas lÃgicas E e OU, sob ModulaÃÃo Por Amplitude de Pulsos (PAM). A investigaÃÃo à realizada, atravÃs de simulaÃÃes numÃricas, utilizando-se do mÃtodo de Runge Kutta de quarta ordem. Na primeira aplicaÃÃo, à analisada a possibilidade da realizaÃÃo de operaÃÃes lÃgicas pelo Acoplador Direcional NÃo-Linear (NLDC) Duplo SimÃtrico sem perda. Considerando a operaÃÃo das portas lÃgicas, foram utilizadas as quatro possÃveis combinaÃÃes para dois pulsos, nas fibras 1 e 2, modulados pela posiÃÃo temporal (PPM) nos nÃveis lÃgicos 0 ou 1. Foram investigados os efeitos de uma variaÃÃo no parÃmetro de ajuste da modulaÃÃo PPM, ou seja, no deslocamento inicial do pulso em relaÃÃo ao pulso referencial, ou informaÃÃo nÃo modulada, e na diferenÃa de fase entre os pulsos sÃlitons fundamentais de entrada devidamente modulados. Na segunda aplicaÃÃo, o NLDC duplo simÃtrico à submetido à modulaÃÃo PAM, utilizando-se tambÃm, das quatro combinaÃÃes possÃveis para os dois pulsos, nas fibras de entrada. Foram investigados os efeitos da variaÃÃo no parÃmetro de ajuste da modulaÃÃo PAM na amplitude inicial do pulso em relaÃÃo à amplitude de referÃncia, ou sinal sem modulaÃÃo, e tambÃm observada a amplitude de saÃda modulada versus uma diferenÃa de fase entre os pulsos sÃlitons fundamentais de entrada devidamente modulados. Nas duas aplicaÃÃes foram obtidas portas lÃgicas E e OU. / In this work, the performance study of a Symmetric Dual-Core Non-Linear Directional Coupler (NLDC), working with pulses of , in two different applications have been investigated: accomplishment of logical gates AND and OR, under Pulse Position Modulation (PPM); accomplishment of logical gates AND and OR, under Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM). The investigation is based in a numerical simulation study, using the fourth order Runge Kutta numerical method. In the first application, the possibility of the accomplishment of logical operations by Symmetric Dual-Core Non-Linear Directional Coupler (NLDC) without loss is analyzed. Considering the operation of the logical gates, the four possible combinations for two pulses, on the input fibers, modulated by the temporal PPM in the logical levels 0 or 1, were used. The effects of a variation in the coding parameter offset of the PPM modulation, that is, in the displacement of the input pulse relative to the reference time level, was investigated. In the second application, the symmetric dual-core NLDC is submitted to PAM modulation, using the four possible combinations for two pulses on the input fibers, were used, as well. The effects of a variation in the coding parameter offset of the PAM modulation relative to the reference amplitude, was investigated. The modulated output amplitude versus a phase difference between the input pulses , was also studied. On the two applications, logical gates AND and OR was observed.

This work presents the building up of basic biological units DNA, RNA and proteins as well as their function. Provided data are kept in biological databases which are connected worldwide to supply preferable communication along with all kinds of available information to be used in the scientific research. The secret of alive is hidden in genes coded in sequences of nucleotides. Genes enable the creation of proteins which are made of sequences of amino-acids. The wide-spread methods of comparing these sequences are FASTA and BLAST algorithms. Their base is used for the PSProt program which is described in this work. PSProt program is the tool for comparing the sequences of proteins. First it is necessary to synthesise the protein from the DNA oligonucleotide because it codes the surveyed protein. The most similar proteins are searched out by heuristic of hitpoints, then their final score that is essential for aligning is modified by semiglobal alignment algorithm.

The bycatch of cetaceans in fishing gear is considered to be one of the biggest conservation threats to these species. Gear modifications have the potential to reduce these bycatches in global fisheries but there is little available information on how such modifications may change the fishing performance of gear, or indeed the behavior of cetaceans interacting with fishing gear. Generalized linear models (GLMs) were used to identify factors related to cetacean bycatches in UK bottom set gillnets. Rigged net height had a significant positive relationship with harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) bycatch in ICES Area VII suggesting that lowering the profile of gillnets may have the potential to reduce bycatch rates. Modifications to gillnets, such as changing the amount of floatation or increasing the density of the meshes, were found to have significant effects on the active fishing heights of these nets. However, results from a bycatch mitigation trial in Argentina showed that the reduced fishing profile of one experimental net did not result in a concurrent reduction in the bycatch rate of Franciscana dolphins (Pontoporia blainvillei). While there was no significant difference in the rate, length or intensity of harbour porpoise encounters in the presence or absence of gillnets, the proportion of fast echolocation click trains were significantly higher when a net was present, indicating that porpoises either increased acoustic inspection of the net or foraging in the vicinity of the net. An analysis of underwater video footage collected inside trawl nets in an Australia fishery showed that bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops sp.) were present inside nets more frequently than they were caught and were actively foraging inside these nets. The orientation of dolphins inside these nets indicates that the current design of excluder devices used in this fishery could be improved to further reduce bycatch rates.