Thesis (M.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Henry M. Montrey, III. / M.S.

In 2005, the Recycling Council of Ontario published a report that identified the construction industry as one sector that did not manage its waste in an environmentally appropriate manner. In this report, Let’s Climb Another Molehill, 15 case studies were executed to understand why this industry was neither handling nor disposing its waste properly in Southern Ontario. A set of generic recommendations was generated to help improve the management of this industry’s waste. Unfortunately the scope of the report was too broad to support conclusions about the management of specific types of problematic construction waste. The aim of this thesis is to narrow what was done in Let’s Climb Another Molehill to focus only on gypsum wallboard. The purpose of this research is to determine what options are the most desirable and feasible to deal sustainably with gypsum wallboard waste in Southern Ontario, both now and in the future. All recommendations offered are case specific. A number of methods have been utilized to obtain the information needed to formulate appropriate recommendations to deal with wallboard. Information learned through the literature, witnessed through the observation sessions, and acquired through the interviews led to two unique option categories: 1) alternative materials and 2) change in practices. To evaluate these options, a set of criteria was created based on the concepts of sustainability and integrated waste management (IWM). This sustainable IWM criteria set allowed for consistent evaluation of the options. To improve the recommendations, the sustainable IWM criteria were refined to better deal with each of the two categories of options. When the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating alternative materials were applied, gypsum wallboard was found still to be the best interior wall material to use today. However, applying the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating change in practices showed that the problem with using this product lies with its management and, therefore, the remaining recommendations focus on improving the creation, use and disposal of wallboard. Many of these recommendations can easily be adopted to help eliminate inappropriate wallboard management practices. This research was able to identify areas where problems arose and to offer feasible options to improve environmentally inappropriate behaviors associated with wallboard management. Although numerous recommendations are offered, the three fundamental recommendations that will lead to the biggest change include: 1) greater number of educational programs devoted to the construction industry; 2) stricter regulations and better enforcement; and 3) a dramatic increase in landfill tipping fees. If these three recommendations were implemented, it is believed that they will play a positive role in managing gypsum wallboard waste in a more sustainable manner.

In 2005, the Recycling Council of Ontario published a report that identified the construction industry as one sector that did not manage its waste in an environmentally appropriate manner. In this report, Let’s Climb Another Molehill, 15 case studies were executed to understand why this industry was neither handling nor disposing its waste properly in Southern Ontario. A set of generic recommendations was generated to help improve the management of this industry’s waste. Unfortunately the scope of the report was too broad to support conclusions about the management of specific types of problematic construction waste. The aim of this thesis is to narrow what was done in Let’s Climb Another Molehill to focus only on gypsum wallboard. The purpose of this research is to determine what options are the most desirable and feasible to deal sustainably with gypsum wallboard waste in Southern Ontario, both now and in the future. All recommendations offered are case specific. A number of methods have been utilized to obtain the information needed to formulate appropriate recommendations to deal with wallboard. Information learned through the literature, witnessed through the observation sessions, and acquired through the interviews led to two unique option categories: 1) alternative materials and 2) change in practices. To evaluate these options, a set of criteria was created based on the concepts of sustainability and integrated waste management (IWM). This sustainable IWM criteria set allowed for consistent evaluation of the options. To improve the recommendations, the sustainable IWM criteria were refined to better deal with each of the two categories of options. When the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating alternative materials were applied, gypsum wallboard was found still to be the best interior wall material to use today. However, applying the sustainable IWM criteria for evaluating change in practices showed that the problem with using this product lies with its management and, therefore, the remaining recommendations focus on improving the creation, use and disposal of wallboard. Many of these recommendations can easily be adopted to help eliminate inappropriate wallboard management practices. This research was able to identify areas where problems arose and to offer feasible options to improve environmentally inappropriate behaviors associated with wallboard management. Although numerous recommendations are offered, the three fundamental recommendations that will lead to the biggest change include: 1) greater number of educational programs devoted to the construction industry; 2) stricter regulations and better enforcement; and 3) a dramatic increase in landfill tipping fees. If these three recommendations were implemented, it is believed that they will play a positive role in managing gypsum wallboard waste in a more sustainable manner.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T16:53:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-28Bitstream added on 2015-05-14T16:58:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000825556.pdf: 2865801 bytes, checksum: 7c48c53a7da4f2c5b906b3e06fb15114 (MD5) / O painel de madeira reconstituída ou painel a base de madeira MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) é um produto industrial produzido a partir de fibras lignocelulósicas. É um material bastante empregado, pois apresenta homogeneidade, estabilidade dimensional, ótimo acabamento e resistência mecânica próxima a madeira maciça. O fresamento é um método de usinagem muito utilizado na indústria moveleira, com obtenção de acabamento superficial de qualidade. Apesar da notável relevância do tema existem poucos trabalhos específicos tratando do processo de fresamento em MDF utilizando máquinas de Comando Numérico Computadorizado (CNC). O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o fresamento de MDF em centro de usinagem CNC através da análise da rugosidade, consumo de potência e analise de imagens da superfície. Os painéis MDF foram fresados no sentido concordante com profundidade de usinagem de 0,5; 1 e 1,5 mm e no sentido discordante com profundidade de usinagem de 3; 6 e 9 mm. Ambos com seis repetições, quatro velocidades de corte 804 m/min, 630 m/min, 402 m/min e 201 m/min e três velocidades de avanço 6, 4 e 2 m/min todos os ensaios na direção tangencial e frontal. Analisou-se os parâmetros de Rugosidade Média (Ra) e Total (Rt), a potência consumida e a integridade das peças na microscopia eletrônica de varredura e topografia. Observou-se que a rugosidade apresentou menores valores nas velocidades de corte de 603 e 804 m/min e velocidade de avanço entre 2 e 4 m/min. A profundidade de usinagem de 1 e 1,5 mm no tangencial e 3 mm no frontal apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para a superfície. Concluiu-se que os parâmetros aqui estudados influenciam significativamente o acabamento, resultando em superfícies irregulares que podem reduzir a qualidade dos produtos. O fresamento tangencial discordante apresenta rugosidade com valores baixos, ou seja, mais satisfatória / The MDF (medium density fiberboard) is an industrial product manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers. It is quite a material used because it presents homogeneity, dimensional stability and mechanical strength next to solid wood. Milling is a machining method widely used in the furniture industry; despite the remarkable relevance of the subject there are few works dealing with the specific MDF milling process using Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machines. The objective of this study is to evaluate the MDF milling in CNC machining center by analyzing roughness, power consumption and surface image analysis. The MDF panels were concordant direction with the machined depth of cut of 0.5; 1 to 1.5 mm and the discordant direction with depth of cut of 3; 6 and 9 mm. Both of six replicates, four cutting speed 804 m/min 630 m/min 402 m/min and 201 m/min and three forward speeds 6, 4 and 2 m/min in all tests and in the tangential direction and front. Analyzed the parameter of roughness average (Ra) and roughness total (Rt), the power consumed and the integrity of parts on scanning electron microscopy and topography. It was observed that the surface roughness showed lower values for the cutting speeds of 603 and 804 m / min, feed rate between 2 and 4 m / min. The depth of cut of 1 mm and 1.5 mm in tangential and 3 exhibited satisfactory results for front surface. It was concluded that the parameters studied here significantly influence the finish, resulting in uneven surfaces that can reduce the quality of products. The objecting tangential milling presents with low roughness values, that is more satisfactory

Resumo: No Brasil intensificam-se os estudos visando o aproveitamento dos subprodutos industriais com a justificativa de que propiciarão proteção ao meio ambiente, pois, seu aproveitamento poderá agregar valor a novos produtos com interesse comercial e poderão minimizar a exploração e o uso de recursos naturais. Este trabalho se propõe avaliar a influência da composição granulométrica no desempenho de painéis de partículas de madeira de média densidade de acordo com a ABNT NBR14810-1 e 2:2013, pois, em estudos orientados pelo autor, nas avaliações realizadas em painéis de partículas de madeira de marcenarias e de fábricas de moveis com emprego de adesivo poliuretano derivado de óleo de mamona (PU-Mamona) foi identificado que, para melhorar as propriedades dos painéis, seria necessário melhorar a composição granulométrica do resíduo utilizado, neste sentido, este trabalho, propôs cinco tratamentos com misturas diferentes de partículas de madeira e adição de partículas de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar. Em seguida foram confeccionados painéis de partículas com as misturas propostas nos tratamento e realizadas avaliações para a verificação das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram significativa melhoria das propriedades físicas e mecânicas dos painéis, sendo possível indicar o aproveitamento dos resíduos estudados para a produção de painéis de madeira de média densidade do tipo P2 segundo a ABNT NBR 14810-1 e 2:2013

Orientador: Manoel Cleber de Sampaio Alves / Banca: Marcos Valério Ribeiro / Banca: José Vitor Candido de Souza / Banca: Ivaldo de Domênico Valarelli / Banca: Fábio Minoru Yamaji / Resumo: O painel de madeira reconstituída ou painel a base de madeira MDF (Medium Density Fiberboard) é um produto industrial produzido a partir de fibras lignocelulósicas. É um material bastante empregado, pois apresenta homogeneidade, estabilidade dimensional, ótimo acabamento e resistência mecânica próxima a madeira maciça. O fresamento é um método de usinagem muito utilizado na indústria moveleira, com obtenção de acabamento superficial de qualidade. Apesar da notável relevância do tema existem poucos trabalhos específicos tratando do processo de fresamento em MDF utilizando máquinas de Comando Numérico Computadorizado (CNC). O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o fresamento de MDF em centro de usinagem CNC através da análise da rugosidade, consumo de potência e analise de imagens da superfície. Os painéis MDF foram fresados no sentido concordante com profundidade de usinagem de 0,5; 1 e 1,5 mm e no sentido discordante com profundidade de usinagem de 3; 6 e 9 mm. Ambos com seis repetições, quatro velocidades de corte 804 m/min, 630 m/min, 402 m/min e 201 m/min e três velocidades de avanço 6, 4 e 2 m/min todos os ensaios na direção tangencial e frontal. Analisou-se os parâmetros de Rugosidade Média (Ra) e Total (Rt), a potência consumida e a integridade das peças na microscopia eletrônica de varredura e topografia. Observou-se que a rugosidade apresentou menores valores nas velocidades de corte de 603 e 804 m/min e velocidade de avanço entre 2 e 4 m/min. A profundidade de usinagem de 1 e 1,5 mm no tangencial e 3 mm no frontal apresentaram resultados satisfatórios para a superfície. Concluiu-se que os parâmetros aqui estudados influenciam significativamente o acabamento, resultando em superfícies irregulares que podem reduzir a qualidade dos produtos. O fresamento tangencial discordante apresenta rugosidade com valores baixos, ou seja, mais satisfatória / Abstract: The MDF (medium density fiberboard) is an industrial product manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers. It is quite a material used because it presents homogeneity, dimensional stability and mechanical strength next to solid wood. Milling is a machining method widely used in the furniture industry; despite the remarkable relevance of the subject there are few works dealing with the specific MDF milling process using Computerized Numerical Control (CNC) machines. The objective of this study is to evaluate the MDF milling in CNC machining center by analyzing roughness, power consumption and surface image analysis. The MDF panels were concordant direction with the machined depth of cut of 0.5; 1 to 1.5 mm and the discordant direction with depth of cut of 3; 6 and 9 mm. Both of six replicates, four cutting speed 804 m/min 630 m/min 402 m/min and 201 m/min and three forward speeds 6, 4 and 2 m/min in all tests and in the tangential direction and front. Analyzed the parameter of roughness average (Ra) and roughness total (Rt), the power consumed and the integrity of parts on scanning electron microscopy and topography. It was observed that the surface roughness showed lower values for the cutting speeds of 603 and 804 m / min, feed rate between 2 and 4 m / min. The depth of cut of 1 mm and 1.5 mm in tangential and 3 exhibited satisfactory results for front surface. It was concluded that the parameters studied here significantly influence the finish, resulting in uneven surfaces that can reduce the quality of products. The objecting tangential milling presents with low roughness values, that is more satisfactory / Doutor

The objective of this thesis is to create the documentation for building construction.Designed building is a sports center, which is used for playing tennis. The project is located in the cadastral Holostřevy, a small village near the town of Plzen. Construction will be visible from the highway D5, which is widely used by German, Austrian and Czech drivers and her attendance and payback will be more effectiv. And the architectural appearance shoud be also contribute. Project documentation has been prepared in compliance with applicable laws, regulations and standards. The building is functionally, operationally and structurally divided into two parts. The first part is called "zázemí" (background). It is the skeleton construction of reinforced concrete with cross reinforced the plate. Packing construction is only between the base and the ceiling and itsn't supporting. In the "zázemí" there are dressing rooms, sanitary facilities, but also a café. The second part is a "hala" (hall). It only serves to playing tennis. The supporting construction is a lamellar wood trusses and central column in "zázemí" supporting it. It is interesting that on the 2nd floor which serves as a grandstand, are formed two parts, one of which serves as an auditorium for interior court and the other as an auditorium for exterior court.