North America is the world’s largest pulp and paper producing region as well as the largest consuming region. An understanding of market integration is critical for designing relevant policies since it is important to improve national welfare and ensure long-run competitive market equilibrium. In addition, it is crucial for the Canadian industry to maintain the competitiveness for its pulp and paper products in the world market, because any deterioration in the performance of the Canadian pulp and paper industry will have negative social and economic impact on the well-being of Canada and affect Canadian balance of payment. This thesis contains three essays that investigate the market integration of the combined markets of Canada and the US, and the competitive position of Canadian pulp and paper products in the US market. The first essay presents an econometric analysis of spatial integration of the US and Canada newsprint markets as reflected in newsprint prices. It applies the Johansen multivariate cointegration procedure to test the law of one price for five regional markets (British Columbia, Ontario, Quebec, US east, US west) of newsprint using monthly data for the 1988 to 2004 period. Preliminary data analysis shows that all price series are non-stationary I(1) processes. The hypothesis that the Law of One Price (LOP) holds for all five regional newsprint markets simultaneously was not supported by the Johansen multivariate test. The LOP was also tested for national markets, and it was found to hold between US west and US east newsprint prices. The results suggest that there is a single newsprint market in the US, whereas there are several distinct newsprint markets in Canada. The second essay examines the degree of market integration among US import markets for three pulp and paper products, and further analyses the dynamic interaction between US domestic and US import markets. Persistence profile results show that long-run equilibrium exists in the US import markets for three pulp and paper products of interest; moreover, given a system-wide shock, a new equilibrium could be reached in a relatively short period. Forecast error variance decomposition suggests that US markets are critical since shocks to domestic US prices for relevant pulp and paper products explain a substantial amount of movements in import prices. The third essay studies substitution between main categories of imported pulp and paper products and between imported and domestic pulp and paper products in the US market. A restricted translog subcost function approach was employed to derive the elasticity of substitution. The results suggest that Canadian pulp and paper products are still competitive and have maintained their competitiveness in the US market. However the consecutive demand decline for pulp and paper in the US has brought hard times to Canada. It seems that if Canadian pulp and paper industry wants to retain a dominant position in the world market place, it will have to create global reach and develop new markets.

This thesis discusses the recycling of old newspapers into fresh newsprint. The thesis includes an introduction and chapters on solid wastes, recycling paper fiber, the newsprint paper industry, recycling newsprint, alternate uses of refuse including old newspapers, legislation, and a conclusion.

Axxor is one the main leader in paper honeycomb production by supplying automotive, furniture, and door manufacturers. Paper honeycomb material holds the lead over any existing cores in performance, price and density ratio. The main drawback of PHC products is its lack of water/fire resistance which reduces significantly its scope of applications. Consequently, the Axxor company intends to perform a new type of product which could withstand a water exposition: impregnated paper honeycomb. By coating the paper honeycomb cellulose fibers, the mechanical properties are significantly improved with three times higher compressive strength compared to PHC. Two impregnated resins have been selected for a potential large scale production: Epoxy and Polyurethane resins. The totality of IPHC is produced through two processes which are a manual impregnation performed by hand or a continuous impregnation performed by an impregnation machine. With these independent variables in mind, this study concerns the degree of water resistance by comparing three IPHC samples: - Epoxy IPHC performed with handmade impregnation - Polyurethane IPHC performed with handmade impregnation - Polyurethane IPHC performed with the impregnation machine (higher resin content) By using the available characterization devices, water resistance is defined by measuring the decreases of the mechanical performances depending on the remaining water content in each samples.

ABSTRACT It is well documented that repetitive exposures to high intensity sound can cause acoustic trauma to the ear resulting in hearing loss, and that occupational noise is a significant cause of adult-onset hearing loss. Research world wide has indicated a significant number of workers with hearing loss attributed to noise exposure. Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL) claims are responsible for the majority of occupational disease payouts. The study was undertaken in order to determine the extent of hearing loss due to noise exposure that could be ascribed to excessive exposure to noise, and to describe the noise-induced hearing loss by severity, type of work, and area of work and duration of service. The cross-sectional study included 466 workers employed in a pulp and paper mill in KwaZulu Natal (KZN) South Africa. It involved the assessment of 932 individual audiograms to diagnose noise-induced hearing loss and the calculation of the percentage loss of hearing from pre placement to the year 2005. Audiometry results were presented for noise-induced hearing loss in relation to area of work, duration of service, categories of severity and age group. The prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss in the pulp and paper mill was 21% (98/466) and with 79% (368/466) of workers whose audiograms returned results not indicating NIHL. 75 workers were excluded due to workplace transfers. Type of work, area of work and years of service correlated significantly with a diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss. As a department, the wood yard (which included the wood chipping facility, maintenance workers and workers with 10 – 20 years of service) showed the most significant association. In categories of severity 16.7% of workers suffering from NIHL fall in the ≤ 5 Percentage Loss of Hearing PLH category. This study has confirmed the findings of others that noise exposure is a significant hazard in industry and an effective noise control programme is the only way to reduce the risk of NIHL. _____________________________________________________________________

Ardent Dwellings is a work about longing, self-exploration, and construction of identity through the arrangement of meticulously drawn and cut paper elements. Mainly consisting of drawn dried flower forms and expressive female hands, these elements come together in deliberate arrangements of spaces and relations. The moments of sensuality resulting from these exploratory touches signify moments created through traversing bodies and identities. To achieve this exploration visually, I created a collection of eight drawing collages and a large paper installation with mixed media components. The elements in this work are carefully placed in relation to one another with the intent of constructing an abstract narrative exploring the who, how, and the why of the self—specifically the queer self and the search for belonging that accompanies the discovery of this identity. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.F.A.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2018. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

An exploration of Chinese paper cutting technique in relation to body and clothing / Program: Konstnärligt masterprogram i mode- och textildesign

Towards a Just Landscape is a multi-part project about the 49th Parallel, the 20-foot swath of clear-cut that divides the US from Canada along its International Boundary, as it physically marks the landscape between the Lake of the Woods and the Northern Rockies. More specifically, it is a project about the portion of the border swath that runs through the center of Waterton-Glacier International Peace Park, dividing in two an area of land reserved to commemorate international peace and good will between two nations. Comprised of three artist's books, these works each address the political and ecological consequences of the border clearing on their surrounding landscape in their own unique way, and together seek to reimagine the way we interact with border regions.

Caput Mortuum is a visual representation of my own spiritual quest for enlightenment using alchemy. Ancient alchemists sought perfection in all things and visualized a personal spiritual hierarchy that resided within all physical matter. The lowest tier of this scale represents the dull and lifeless material while the highest could touch the Divine. Reshaping the material world revealed the ordinary item's latent potential, aiding in its own transformation as well as the alchemist's into more perfect beings. Inspired by this idea, I seek to bring ultimate perfection to every piece I create. By manipulating and altering books and book forms I replicate the physical work alchemists performed, each time changing myself with the book, elevating our spiritual beings in order to bring perfection from within.

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The purpose of my thesis project, A View of Affect has been two fold: to engage closely with an early modern book, and to experiment with the idea that self-examination as a legitimate way to gain knowledge about the body. Working with Robert Burton's Anatomy of Melancholy, (1621) has opened to view the extensive constellation of ideas that were part of the philosophical universe of the time. I engaged with the Anatomy of Melancholy by immersing myself in the prose, responding to Burton's writing with my own writing. I also studied and made drawings from early modern anatomical illustrations, and I drew shapes found in nature that seemed analogous to shapes in the body. All the while, I relied firmly on my own observations. The shapes found in nature, and the line quality in the early modern prints influenced my drawings, but I only drew what I saw. A View of Affect is not a historical model, but I did fully embrace Burton's belief in the importance of direct observation. The purpose of my treatise on the how emotions exist and function in the body is not to specify what is there for others, but to encourage readers to look carefully at their own internal life.