Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T21:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaRibeiroGuimaraesDombroski_DISSERT.pdf: 2747987 bytes, checksum: b210dc48f70ecb104f4b1aa36da3d312 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-14T00:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaRibeiroGuimaraesDombroski_DISSERT.pdf: 2747987 bytes, checksum: b210dc48f70ecb104f4b1aa36da3d312 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-14T00:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaRibeiroGuimaraesDombroski_DISSERT.pdf: 2747987 bytes, checksum: b210dc48f70ecb104f4b1aa36da3d312 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / O monitoramento ac?stico passivo (MAP) permite a converg?ncia de solu??es para quest?es conservacionistas e cient?ficas e v?m sendo utilizado com sucesso para a examinar diversos aspectos da biologia de cet?ceos. Todavia, sua aplica??o para ambos os fins depende da correta interpreta??o dos dados coletados e portanto de conhecimentos pr?vios sobre o comportamento e o repert?rio ac?stico da(s) esp?cie(s) alvo(s). O sul do Brasil ? uma importante ?rea de reprodu??o para baleias francas austrais (Eubalaena australis). Esta esp?cie amea?ada agrega-se anualmente entre Julho e Novembro principalmente no estado de Santa Catarina. Medidas de prote??o s?o necess?rias para assegurar a recupera??o e para mitigar os efeitos de atividades antr?picas sobre esta popula??o. Visando construir conhecimento necess?rio para implementa??o de MAP como ferramenta de pesquisa e conserva??o da baleia franca no Brasil, o objetivo deste trabalho ? reunir informa??es sobre a ecologia ac?stica de pares-m?e filhote da esp?cie. Sensores aut?nomos foram instalados em duas localidades na APA Baleia Franca e continuamente monitoraram o ambiente e vocaliza??es de baleias francas. 1427 chamados com SNR > 10dB foram classificados em 7 categorias: upcall (55.8%), downcall (12.9%), v-call (12.3%), tonal constante (10.1%), tonal vari?vel (6.7%), h?brido (1.6%), pulsado (0.6%). A frequ?ncia de pico m?dia de todas as vocaliza??es foi 107.5?35.2 Hz e a dura??o m?dia foi de 0.8? 0.7s. A an?lise do padr?o nictemeral do comportamento vocal mostrou que o raking m?dio das taxas ajustadas de vocaliza??o em cada per?odo (amanhecer, dia, noite e anoitecer) n?o variam significativamente (Kruskal-Wallis x2=5.86, df=3, p=0.12). Provavelmente, estes resultados est?o relacionados a ontogenia comportamental dos pares e refletem a rela??o espacial entre m?es e seus respectivos filhotes no per?odo final de perman?ncia na ?rea de invernagem. Grava??es realizadas com um arranjo linear de hidrofones sincronicamente a observa??es comportamentais, revelaram que a taxa de emiss?o de chamados est? relacionada ao n?vel de atividade em cada estado comportamental. Em estados de maior atividade, como durante intera??es entre pares e entre m?es e seus filhotes, a taxa de emiss?o de chamados foi respectivamente 3.35 e 0.21 chamados/minuto. Por outro lado, enquanto se deslocando ou em descanso, a taxa de vocaliza??o foi de 0.12 e 0.02 chamados/minuto. Nenhuma vocaliza??o foi atribu?da aos pares focais em mergulho ou amamentando. Os testes exato de Fisher (F=14.82; p=0.21) e chi-quadrado (x2=19.06; df=15; p=0.37) revelaram que a associa??o entre os tipos de chamados e os estados comportamentais n?o ? significativa. Por?m classes de chamados distintas foram emitidas em propor??es diferentes em cada estado comportamental. O significado funcional das classes de vocaliza??o no contexto da comunica??o de pares f?mea-filhote ? semelhante a aquele descrito em estudos pr?vios, realizados com outros tipos de grupo da esp?cie. A composi??o de informa??es gerada por este trabalho constitui as bases do conhecimento acerca da bioac?stica da baleia franca no Brasil e ser?o fundamentais para a implementa??o de ferramentas de monitoramento e preserva??o baseadas em princ?pios ac?sticos. Al?m disso, representam um importante passo para a expans?o do conhecimento do comportamento vocal de pares m?o-filhote, um subgrupo vulner?vel por?m vital para as popula??es. / Remote acoustic sensing has been used to investigate several aspects of cetacean ecology and behaviour as occurrence, population density and impacts of anthropogenic sounds on communication systems. Nonetheless, the efficiency of PAM methods depends on the ability of researchers to detect and interpret acoustic signals and therefore on baseline information about natural features of the target species?vocal behaviour. The coastal waters off the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, are an important wintering ground for Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis). Right whales aggregates in this area year after year, between July and November and protection measures are due to ensure the safety and health of this population. Aiming to build the required knowledge to use PAM as a right whale conservation and research tool in Brazil, the objective of the present study is to gather information concerning the acoustic ecology of right whale mother-calf pairs off Santa Catarina. Bottom-mounted archival acoustic recorders were deployed in two locations at the Right Whale APA during the wintering season. 1427 right whale calls with SNR? were classified in 7 call classes accordingly to visual and aural characteristics: upcall (55.8%), downcall (12.9%), down-up call (12.3%), tonal constant (10.1%), tonal variable (6.7%), hybrid (1.6%)and pulsive (0.6%). Mean values of start, end, maximum and minimum frequencies, frequency bandwidth, peak frequency and duration were calculated. Temporal pattern analysis revealed no significant diel trend in the emission of contact calls (Kruskal-Wallis test chi-square=5.86, df=3, P=0.12). Results may be linked to the predominant behavioral of whale groups through the period of stay at the wintering area. Using synched surface-behavioral observations and acoustic recordings, calling rates were obtained and the use of call classes in different behavioral states was discussed. Callingrates (call/min) were associated with the activity level of mo/ca pairs, greater in interactions and bonding and lower during travelling and resting. No calls were attributed to diving or nursing pairs. Upcalls and down-upcalls calls were attributed to resting pairs as well as traveling pairs. Constant calls were detected when a pair was swimming toward the research boat and pulsive calls were detected in the presence of dolphins in close proximity to the dislocating focal group. Interestingly, mo/ca pairs spend 20% of the sampling time interacting with other pairs and the greatest diversity of calls was recorded during such events. Pulsive (12%) and hybrid calls (13%-exclusively recorded during mo/ca interactions) are characteristics of agonistic behavior between whales. When bonding, mother and/or calves produced exclusively upcalls.The adaptative significance of previously described calls in mother-calf pair ?s communication is similar to what has been described for other whale groups.This dissertation brings significant information that constitutes bases of right whale bioacoustics in Brazil, and therefore will be vital for the implementation of mitigation, monitoring and investigation tools based on acoustic principles. Moreover, it contributed to fulfil the lack of behavioural and acoustic data of mother-calf pairs a highly vulnerable and vital subgroup for all right whale populations.