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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Vocaliza??es subaqu?ticas e fen?menos n?o lineares em focas ant?rticas

MACIEL, Israel de S? 02 February 2016 (has links)
Submitted by Jorge Silva (jorgelmsilva@ufrrj.br) on 2017-11-08T17:53:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Israel de S? Maciel.pdf: 3184590 bytes, checksum: 1d079e88bc7d2ff9256dc558436b7cd3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-11-08T17:53:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016 - Israel de S? Maciel.pdf: 3184590 bytes, checksum: 1d079e88bc7d2ff9256dc558436b7cd3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-02 / CAPES / Pinnipeds produce a variety of underwater sounds that are often related to reproductive activities and social interactions. In addition, several species of seals provide evidence of vocalizations with geographical and individual variations. Most of bioacoustics researches with seals studied the terrestrial environment repertoire using linear analysis. However, some characteristics of vocalizations can not be explained with linear analysis only or taking into account only one part of the animal's life. The nonlinear phenomena (NLP) present in vocalizations (sideband, harmonic, sub-harmonic, biphonation, jump of frequency and deterministic chaos) are still poorly studied. Given the importance of this phenomena in vocalizations to individual recognition, especially in social mammals, was studied the underwater vocalizations of Antarctic seals in order to know their vocal repertoire and their NLP as well as discuss their possible function. In 2013, Brazilian Navy conducted acoustic recordings on Half Moon Island. In this collection were recorded 128GB of sound files between 12th and 30th of November. A total of 18 days of uninterrupted collections, producing 7,448 files of 3 minutes each. These recordings were taken at the presence of seals to Lobodontini Tribe. A total of 15 types of vocalizations were found in the period between days 12-16/November. A pattern in the vocalizations types L, K and E, arranged in sequence K, L and E, respectively, was observed in all seal recordings. All files presented biphonations, jumps of frequency, harmonics, sidebands and chaos in nine types of vocalizations (A, C, E, F, K, L, M, N and O). The nonlinearities were abundant on all files, being present in 75.56% (N = 1829) of vocalizations. Deterministic chaos was most common, present in 53.86% of non-linear features and 43.08% of vocalizations in general. Taking into account only the tonal vocalizations, 88.85% of vocalizations were nonlinear. The repetition of the KLE pattern also displays a recognition function. The NLP, mainly deterministic chaos, had high incidence in the studied vocalizations indicating that this type has an important role in communication. Furthermore, it seems to belong to the acoustic pattern of Antarctic?s Lobodontines. / Pin?pedes produzem uma variedade de sons subaqu?ticos que frequentemente s?o relacionados com atividades reprodutivas e intera??es sociais. Diversas esp?cies de focas apresentam evid?ncias de vocaliza??es com varia??es geogr?ficas e individuais. A maioria dos trabalhos com focas estudou o repert?rio em ambiente terrestre e com olhares para as an?lises lineares. Entretanto, algumas caracter?sticas das vocaliza??es n?o podem ser explicadas apenas com an?lises lineares ou levando em conta apenas uma parte da vida do animal. Os fen?menos n?o lineares (FNLs) presentes em vocaliza??es (banda lateral, harm?nico, sub-harm?nico, bifona??o, pulos de frequ?ncia e caos determin?stico) ainda s?o pouco estudados. Dada a import?ncia deste fen?meno nas vocaliza??es para o reconhecimento individual, principalmente em mam?feros sociais, este trabalho buscou estudar as vocaliza??es subaqu?ticas de focas ant?rticas, visando conhecer seu repert?rio vocal e seus FNLs, bem como discutir a poss?vel fun??o dos mesmos. Em 2013, a Marinha do Brasil realizou grava??es ac?sticas na Ilha Meia Lua na Ant?rtica. Nesta coleta foram registrados 128GB de arquivos de som nos dias entre 12 e 30 de novembro, totalizando 7.448 arquivos de 3 minutos cada. Nestas grava??es foi constatada a presen?a de focas pertencentes ? Tribo Lobodontini. Contatou-se tamb?m a presen?a de 15 tipos de vocaliza??es no per?odo entre os dias 12 a 16/novembro. Em todos os dias que houve grava??es de focas foi observado um padr?o nos tipos L, K e E, organizados na sequ?ncia K, L e E, respectivamente. Ap?s a inspe??o visual de todos os arquivos, foram encontrados pulos de frequ?ncia, bifona??es, harm?nicos, bandas laterais e caos determin?stico em nove tipos de vocaliza??es (A, C, E, F, K, L, M, N e O). As n?o linearidades foram abundantes em todos os arquivos, estando presentes em 75,56% (N=1829) das vocaliza??es. O caos determin?stico foi o mais comumente observado, estando presente em 53,86% das fei??es n?o lineares e 43,08% das vocaliza??es em geral. Levando em conta apenas as vocaliza??es tonais, 88,85% das vocaliza??es foram n?o lineares. A repeti??o do padr?o KLE parece apresentar uma fun??o de reconhecimento. Os FNLs, principalmente os do tipo caos determin?stico, estiveram muito presentes nas vocaliza??es estudadas, indicando que este tipo de emiss?o possui uma fun??o importante na comunica??o. Al?m disso, estes parecem pertencer ao repert?rio ac?stico padr?o de Lobodontines ant?rticos.
2

Ecologia ac?stica de pares f?mea-filhote de baleia franca austral (Eubalaena australis) (Desmoulins, 1822) em ?guas costeiras do estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Dombroski, J?lia Ribeiro Guimar?es 27 May 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-05-10T21:56:38Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaRibeiroGuimaraesDombroski_DISSERT.pdf: 2747987 bytes, checksum: b210dc48f70ecb104f4b1aa36da3d312 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-05-14T00:37:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaRibeiroGuimaraesDombroski_DISSERT.pdf: 2747987 bytes, checksum: b210dc48f70ecb104f4b1aa36da3d312 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-05-14T00:37:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JuliaRibeiroGuimaraesDombroski_DISSERT.pdf: 2747987 bytes, checksum: b210dc48f70ecb104f4b1aa36da3d312 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-05-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) / O monitoramento ac?stico passivo (MAP) permite a converg?ncia de solu??es para quest?es conservacionistas e cient?ficas e v?m sendo utilizado com sucesso para a examinar diversos aspectos da biologia de cet?ceos. Todavia, sua aplica??o para ambos os fins depende da correta interpreta??o dos dados coletados e portanto de conhecimentos pr?vios sobre o comportamento e o repert?rio ac?stico da(s) esp?cie(s) alvo(s). O sul do Brasil ? uma importante ?rea de reprodu??o para baleias francas austrais (Eubalaena australis). Esta esp?cie amea?ada agrega-se anualmente entre Julho e Novembro principalmente no estado de Santa Catarina. Medidas de prote??o s?o necess?rias para assegurar a recupera??o e para mitigar os efeitos de atividades antr?picas sobre esta popula??o. Visando construir conhecimento necess?rio para implementa??o de MAP como ferramenta de pesquisa e conserva??o da baleia franca no Brasil, o objetivo deste trabalho ? reunir informa??es sobre a ecologia ac?stica de pares-m?e filhote da esp?cie. Sensores aut?nomos foram instalados em duas localidades na APA Baleia Franca e continuamente monitoraram o ambiente e vocaliza??es de baleias francas. 1427 chamados com SNR > 10dB foram classificados em 7 categorias: upcall (55.8%), downcall (12.9%), v-call (12.3%), tonal constante (10.1%), tonal vari?vel (6.7%), h?brido (1.6%), pulsado (0.6%). A frequ?ncia de pico m?dia de todas as vocaliza??es foi 107.5?35.2 Hz e a dura??o m?dia foi de 0.8? 0.7s. A an?lise do padr?o nictemeral do comportamento vocal mostrou que o raking m?dio das taxas ajustadas de vocaliza??o em cada per?odo (amanhecer, dia, noite e anoitecer) n?o variam significativamente (Kruskal-Wallis x2=5.86, df=3, p=0.12). Provavelmente, estes resultados est?o relacionados a ontogenia comportamental dos pares e refletem a rela??o espacial entre m?es e seus respectivos filhotes no per?odo final de perman?ncia na ?rea de invernagem. Grava??es realizadas com um arranjo linear de hidrofones sincronicamente a observa??es comportamentais, revelaram que a taxa de emiss?o de chamados est? relacionada ao n?vel de atividade em cada estado comportamental. Em estados de maior atividade, como durante intera??es entre pares e entre m?es e seus filhotes, a taxa de emiss?o de chamados foi respectivamente 3.35 e 0.21 chamados/minuto. Por outro lado, enquanto se deslocando ou em descanso, a taxa de vocaliza??o foi de 0.12 e 0.02 chamados/minuto. Nenhuma vocaliza??o foi atribu?da aos pares focais em mergulho ou amamentando. Os testes exato de Fisher (F=14.82; p=0.21) e chi-quadrado (x2=19.06; df=15; p=0.37) revelaram que a associa??o entre os tipos de chamados e os estados comportamentais n?o ? significativa. Por?m classes de chamados distintas foram emitidas em propor??es diferentes em cada estado comportamental. O significado funcional das classes de vocaliza??o no contexto da comunica??o de pares f?mea-filhote ? semelhante a aquele descrito em estudos pr?vios, realizados com outros tipos de grupo da esp?cie. A composi??o de informa??es gerada por este trabalho constitui as bases do conhecimento acerca da bioac?stica da baleia franca no Brasil e ser?o fundamentais para a implementa??o de ferramentas de monitoramento e preserva??o baseadas em princ?pios ac?sticos. Al?m disso, representam um importante passo para a expans?o do conhecimento do comportamento vocal de pares m?o-filhote, um subgrupo vulner?vel por?m vital para as popula??es. / Remote acoustic sensing has been used to investigate several aspects of cetacean ecology and behaviour as occurrence, population density and impacts of anthropogenic sounds on communication systems. Nonetheless, the efficiency of PAM methods depends on the ability of researchers to detect and interpret acoustic signals and therefore on baseline information about natural features of the target species?vocal behaviour. The coastal waters off the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, are an important wintering ground for Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis). Right whales aggregates in this area year after year, between July and November and protection measures are due to ensure the safety and health of this population. Aiming to build the required knowledge to use PAM as a right whale conservation and research tool in Brazil, the objective of the present study is to gather information concerning the acoustic ecology of right whale mother-calf pairs off Santa Catarina. Bottom-mounted archival acoustic recorders were deployed in two locations at the Right Whale APA during the wintering season. 1427 right whale calls with SNR? were classified in 7 call classes accordingly to visual and aural characteristics: upcall (55.8%), downcall (12.9%), down-up call (12.3%), tonal constant (10.1%), tonal variable (6.7%), hybrid (1.6%)and pulsive (0.6%). Mean values of start, end, maximum and minimum frequencies, frequency bandwidth, peak frequency and duration were calculated. Temporal pattern analysis revealed no significant diel trend in the emission of contact calls (Kruskal-Wallis test chi-square=5.86, df=3, P=0.12). Results may be linked to the predominant behavioral of whale groups through the period of stay at the wintering area. Using synched surface-behavioral observations and acoustic recordings, calling rates were obtained and the use of call classes in different behavioral states was discussed. Callingrates (call/min) were associated with the activity level of mo/ca pairs, greater in interactions and bonding and lower during travelling and resting. No calls were attributed to diving or nursing pairs. Upcalls and down-upcalls calls were attributed to resting pairs as well as traveling pairs. Constant calls were detected when a pair was swimming toward the research boat and pulsive calls were detected in the presence of dolphins in close proximity to the dislocating focal group. Interestingly, mo/ca pairs spend 20% of the sampling time interacting with other pairs and the greatest diversity of calls was recorded during such events. Pulsive (12%) and hybrid calls (13%-exclusively recorded during mo/ca interactions) are characteristics of agonistic behavior between whales. When bonding, mother and/or calves produced exclusively upcalls.The adaptative significance of previously described calls in mother-calf pair ?s communication is similar to what has been described for other whale groups.This dissertation brings significant information that constitutes bases of right whale bioacoustics in Brazil, and therefore will be vital for the implementation of mitigation, monitoring and investigation tools based on acoustic principles. Moreover, it contributed to fulfil the lack of behavioural and acoustic data of mother-calf pairs a highly vulnerable and vital subgroup for all right whale populations.
3

Caracteriza??o do repert?rio ac?stico do botocinza, sotalia guianensis, e impacto de embarca??es no nordeste do brasil

Martins, Dalila Teles Le?o 26 April 2010 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DalilaTLM_DISSERT.pdf: 2036255 bytes, checksum: ed8754e17f7a4951187f5fb000aa8918 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-04-26 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico / The wide distribution along the Brazilian coast of specie Sotalia guianensis has been growing interest in searchers on the ecology of this species, addition to commercial interests by whalewatching. This work described the accoustic repertory of S. guianensis and their behavior associated and found if underwater noises affect this repertorie in Pipa-RN. It were analyzed 18:49h of recordings maked between april and june/2009. It were found 3258 whistles, 289 calls, 873 clicks and no gargle. The frequencies range of guiana dolphins was 1 a 48kHz and may be related to system response recorder and population s regionalization. The frequencies overlaps the noise made by motorboats, schooners and water bomb. The behavior travelling ocurred siletly in 72,58% and socialization presented no sound (56,4%) and presence of sound (43,6%). This great absence of sound may be relacioned to saving energy, probably because in this behaviors they can use physical and visual contacts. The foraging presented highest records of all class noise with 46,84% clicks, 33,84% whistles and 9,02% calls. All this sounds occurred differently in each behavior (travelling: x2 = 134,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001; foraging: x2 = 19,83 df = 3 p= 0,00018 and socialization x2 = 60,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001). It was possible to determine that underwater noise cause changes in the repertorie and does a considerable increase in whistle s number and reduce clicks. Also occurs changes in some whistles (FI: t=2,42, p=0,015; FF: t= -2,22, p=0,025), calls (FMI: t= -3,13, p=0,001; FMA: t= -3,49, p=0,0005; FD: t= -2,21, p=0,027; D: t=2,89, p=0,004) and clicks parameters (D: t= -3,85, p=0,0001; I: t= -5,32, p=0,0001) during presence of noise. These changes may be a strategy of these animals to win this sound barrier. We can not say which noise has more impact, ix however the water bomb seems to affect more the clicks and the motorboats seems to affect the others sounds. Little is know about auditive sensibility of this specie, but daily exposure to this noise may cause damage and this specie appears to have residence. The specie conservation is necessary because the population already seems to suffer damage as decrease in length of stay, number of individuals entering the inlet and the apparent diminution in the foragind during vessels presence and control standards and ambiental education can help. So, we can advance in knowledge about the ecology of this specie especially when it come to bioacoustics and their behaviors associated and reveals some of the impacts that the noise have brought to this population / A ampla distribui??o na costa brasileira da esp?cie Sotalia guianensis tem feito crescer o interesse pelos pesquisadores sobre a ecologia dessa esp?cie, al?m de interesses comerciais atrav?s do turismo de observa??o. Esse trabalho descreveu o repert?rio ac?stico S. guianensis e suas associa??es comportamentais e ainda, verificou se ru?dos subaqu?ticos de motores afetam o padr?o desse repert?rio, na regi?o de Pipa/RN. Foram analisadas 18:49h de grava??es realizadas entre os meses de abril e junho de 2009. Foram encontrados 3258 assobios, 289 gritos, 873 sequ?ncias de estalos e nenhum registro de gargarejo. A faixa de frequ?ncia dos botos variaram de 1 a 48kHz, que pode estar relacionada com a taxa de amostragem de 96kHz e com a regionaliza??o das popula??es. Essa faixa se sobrep?e as faixas utilizadas pelos ru?dos produzidos por lanchas, escunas e uma bomba d ?gua. Nas associa??es comportamentos e ac?stica, o estado de deslocamento ocorreu em 72,58% com aus?ncia de som e a socializa??o apresentou aus?ncia (56,4%) e presen?a de sons (43,6%). Essa aus?ncia de som pode estar relacionada com a economia de energia, visto que nesses comportamentos muitos eventos envolvem contatos f?sicos e visuais. A alimenta??o apresentou os maiores registros de todas as classes sonoras, com 46,84% de estalos, 33,84% de assobios e 9,02% de gritos. Todos os sons ocorreram com diferen?as significativas dentro de cada estado comportamental (deslocamento: x2 = 134,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001; alimenta??o: x2 = 19,83 df = 3 p= 0,00018 e socializa??o x2 = 60,35 df = 3 p = 0,0001). Com rela??o aos ru?dos, foi poss?vel verificar que esses sons causam modifica??es na vocaliza??o, com aumento consider?vel no n?mero de assobios e redu??o dos estalos. Ocorre, tamb?m vii altera??es de alguns par?metros dos assobios (FI: t=2,42, p=0,015; FF: t= - 2,22, p=0,025), gritos (FMI: t= -3,13, p=0,001; FMA: t= -3,49, p=0,0005; FD: t= -2,21, p=0,027; D: t=2,89, p=0,004) e estalos (D: t= -3,85, p=0,0001; I: t= -5,32, p=0,0001) durante a presen?a desses sons. Essas modifica??es podem ser uma estrat?gia que essa popula??o est? desenvolvendo para vencer a barreira dos ru?dos. N?o se pode afirmar qual dos tr?s ru?dos analisados causa maior impacto, entretanto a bomba d ?gua parece afetar mais os estalos, aumentando os valores de seus par?metros e a lancha parece afetar mais as outras classes sonoras. Pouco se sabe sobre a sensibilidade auditiva dessa esp?cie, mas exposi??es di?rias aos ru?dos podem trazer danos e essa esp?cie aparenta ter resid?ncia. Medidas para mitiga??o, como normas de controle das embarca??es e educa??o ambiental s?o necess?rias para a conserva??o da esp?cie, visto que a popula??o j? aparenta sofrer com danos como diminui??o do tempo de perman?ncia e n?mero de indiv?duos que entram na enseada, al?m da aparente diminui??o da alimenta??o durante a presen?a de embarca??es. Dessa forma, avan?a-se no conhecimento sobre a ecologia dessa esp?cie, principalmente quando se trata de bioac?stica e suas associa??es comportamentais, al?m de revelar alguns dos impactos que os ru?dos tem trazido para essa popula??o

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