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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Estudo do comportamento dos fluxos de calor e massa no bioma caatinga na região semiárida da Paraíba.

BORGES, Camilla Kassar. 15 August 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Maria Medeiros (maria.dilva1@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-08-15T13:45:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CAMILLA KASSAR BORGES - TESE (PPGMet) 2017.pdf: 4598580 bytes, checksum: ef4afc927cf3418b3a0269f56b6304a5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-15T13:45:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAMILLA KASSAR BORGES - TESE (PPGMet) 2017.pdf: 4598580 bytes, checksum: ef4afc927cf3418b3a0269f56b6304a5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-08-23 / Capes / Ambientes áridos e semiáridos correspodem a 1/3 da superfície terrestre, nessas localidades a água é elemento importante e limitante para o crescimento da vegetação e produtividade de biomassa do ecossistema. A região semiárida no Brasil compreende em torno de 11,5% do território nacional, onde 76% desta foi originalmente composta pelo bioma Caatinga, tendo o déficit hídrico como característica marcante, média pluviométrica inferior a 800 mm e temperaturas elevadas de médias anuais variando entre 25oC e 30oC. Pesquisas sobre a dinâmica dos fluxos de massa e energia nesses ambientes não têm recebido tanta atenção, apesar de serem especialmente vulneráveis às alterações ambientais. E, técnicas como a de eddy covariance (EC) tem contribuído para estimar a magnitude e padrões das trocas turbulentas entre o ecossistema e a atmosfera. Neste estudo micrometeorológico, para uma área de Caatinga densa (CD) e outra de Caatinga rala (CR), pertencentes ao Instituto Nacional do Semiárido (INSA) em Campina Grande – PB, durantes os anos 2013 e 2014, observou-se que o albedo (α) e o saldo de radiação (Rn) foram mais intensos na CR em comparação a CD, pois a magnitude da radiação de onda curta incidente esteve mais elevada nessa área. Constatou-se que a maior parte da radiação líquida converteu-se em fluxo de calor sensível (H), principalmente durante o período seco na CR, seguida do fluxo de calor latente (LE) e bem menor partição em fluxo de calor no solo (G), em geral cerca de 50% para H e 20% para LE. Constatou-se através do fechamento do balanço de energia que os fluxos turbulentos (H+LE) foram subestimados em relação à energia disponível à superfície (Rn-G), sendo que na CD essa discrepância foi maior chegando a ser superiores a 30%. O ecossitema nos dois locais de estudo atuou como sumidouros de CO2, sequestrando mais de 700 gC/m2 e 550 gC/m2 para a CD e CR, respectivamente. / Arid and semi-arid environments correspond to 1/3 of the terrestrial surface, in these localities water is an important and limiting element for vegetation growth and ecosystem biomass productivity. The semiarid region in Brazil comprises around 11.5% of the national territory, where 76% of this was originally composed by the Caatinga biome, with water deficit as a striking feature, average rainfall less than 800 mm and high temperatures of annual averages ranging between 25oC and 30oC. Research on the dynamics of mass and energy fluxes in these environments have not received much attention, although they are especially vulnerable to environmental change. And, techniques such as eddy covariance (EC) have contributed to estimating the magnitude and patterns of turbulent exchanges between the ecosystem and the atmosphere. In this micrometeorological study, for an area of dense Caatinga (DC) and another of sparse Caatinga (SC) belonging to the National Institute of the Semiarid (INSA) in Campina Grande - PB, during the 2013 and 2014 years, it was observed that the albedo (α) and the net radiation (Rn) were more intense in the SC compared to DC, since the magnitude of incident short wave radiation was higher in this area. It was found that most of the net radiation it converted to sensible heat flux (H), mainly during the dry period in the SC, followed by the latent heat flux (LE) and much smaller partition in soil heat flux (G), usually about 50% for H and 20% for LE. Through the energy balance closure, it was verified that the turbulent fluxes (H + LE) were underestimated in relation to the available energy to the surface (Rn-G), being that in the DC this discrepancy was greater and reaching more than 30%. The ecosystem at the two study sites acted as CO2 sinks, sequestering more than 700 gC/m2 and 550 gC/m2 for DC and SC, respectively.

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