Lietuvoje organizuojamas neformalus muzikinis ugdymas susilaukia vis didesnio ne tik visuomenės, bet ir švietimo sistemos atstovų susidomėjimo. Poreikiams tenkinti ir srities tikslus įgyvendinti nepakanka pagrindinį dėmesį sutelkti tik į interesus atitinkančius ugdymo įstaigą ar mokymo programą. Reikšmingais tampa tokie neformaliojo muzikinio ugdymo faktoriai, kaip meno vartotojo ugdymas, moralinių nuostatų formavimas, kritinio požiūrio puoselėjimas, emocinio sąmoningumo skatinimas, kūrybinių galių plėtojimas, ugdytinių džiaugsmo pasirinkta muzikine veikla skatinimas. Minėtus faktorius apjungia šiuolaikinės edukacinės paradigmos. Pastarosios kritiškai vertina klasikinį mokymo modelį, stipriai išreikštą vertinamąją aplinką, paklusnumo / naudingumo bei leista / uždrausta santykiais. Šiame kontekste išryškėja mokinių pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo proceso svarba, kuris meno / muzikos mokyklose pasitelkiamas siekiant susidoroti su drausmės problemomis, nusirašinėjimu, sąmoningu vėlavimu į pamokas arba jų praleidinėjimą be pateisinamos priežasties ir pan. Nors pastaruoju metu pastebimas vis didesnis mokslininkų susidomėjimas mokinių pažangos ir pasiekimų vertinimo sistemos problemų sprendimui bendrojo lavinimo mokykloje, tačiau vertinimo sritis neformaliame muzikiniame ugdyme iki šiol vis dar lieka nepakankamai tyrinėta. Ši problema ypač aktuali rengiant būsimuosius muzikos pedagogus, kurie ateityje dirbs su ugdytiniais meno / muzikos mokyklose, prisidės prie pažangios ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The Non-formal musical education organized in Lithuania is getting more and more attention not only from society, but as well from educational community too. In order to fulfill the needs and aims it is not sufficient to focus on the interests, which satisfy the educational institution or a training program. Such non-formal musical education factors as education of the art consumer, moral attitude formation, fostering critical approach, encouragement of emotional awareness, development of creative capacity, inducement of students’ joy using a chosen musical activity become significant. The factors mentioned above are linked by the contemporary educational paradigms. The latter criticize the classical model with its strongly expressed evaluative environment, obedience / usefulness and allowed / forbidden relations. In this context the importance of the assessment process of students’ progress and achievement becomes intense. It is necessary for art / music schools to manage the discipline problems, copying, intentional lateness to classes or being absent without a justifiable reason and so on. Recently an increasing interest of scientists in solving the students’ progress and achievement assessment system problems in the secondary schools can be noticed. However, the assessment area in non-formal musical education still has not been sufficiently investigated. This problem is especially relevant while preparing the future music pedagogues, who will work with students in art /... [to full text]

The thesis named "Current practice and possible ways of implementing clinical supervision in nursing" is the first doctoral dissertation establishing the concept of supervision in the Czech nursing environment. Itscentralresearch questionis as follows: How do nurses and university educators in nursing construct, interpret and practically apply theconcept ofclinical supervision and the supervisor's role in the context of nursing education at specific institutions of tertiary education and clinical nursing practice in the Czech Republic? The author draws on international theoretical literature and local empiricalevidence.Her qualitative research took the form of 26 semi-structured interviews with academic nursingeducators from the entire Czech Republic. In justified cases those are supplemented with qualitative data obtained through the study of legislative, policy and strategic documents in nursing and health care, including publicly available information and sources on clinical supervision, in order torefine the resulting picture of her interpretation of current clinical supervision practice in Czech nursing. A shift to the constructivist paradigm enabled one to conceive the term "clinical supervision" mainly in relation to learning, training and professional development of supervisees, also in the context of transformation of education and supervision not only of nurses but also of supervisors themselves in the Czech Republic. The author also focuses on the philosophical and theoretical foundations of clinical supervision and application of the postmodern approach in egalitarian clinical supervision. The empirical part of this dissertation is based on the qualitative research conducted. The author gradually presents her results as individual categoriesand relations between them that ensued from the analysed data in the process of open coding. The author draws a link between the category of implementation of clinical supervision in the context of nurses' professional education andexternal conditions, the environment and a broader professional and social-cultural context. Clinical supervision in nursing is constructed mainly as a unidisciplinaryconcept and a part of the nursing profession. The university nursing educatoris typically constructed as a role professional, but there is also an ongoing process ofdiversification, stratification, profiling and professionalization of non-academic nursing educators. Based on a content analysis of documents and post-modern philosophical-theoretical foundations and strategies of legitimizingclinical supervision, the author views the concept of clinical supervision in nursing as socially constructedand discursively legitimated. The author also defines the limitations of her research that arise from the choice of a qualitative research design. In the conclusion she outlines some future trends of clinical supervision in particular educational institutions that can be interesting and inspiring not only for supervisors but also for teachers of supervision themselves. Based on the results of her empirical analysis the author emphasises the need to integrate the theory and practice of education, clinical supervision and nursing. A comprehensive structure and methodology of system-wide implementation of clinical supervision, based on the situation of clinical nursing practice and supervision needs in the Czech Republic,should in future formthe basis of innovation of existing university programmes in nursing and approaches to the education and training of supervisors, as well as the subject of new research in clinical supervision.