Com o crescente número de usuários de computadores, novas ferramentas têm sido apresentadas com a finalidade de aumentar a eficiência dos computadores, meio para que seus usuários disponham de recursos automatizados. Mais recentemente, máquinas ligadas em rede de computadores e o fenômeno Internet tornaram necessárias ferramentas específicas para este tipo particular de uso. Entre as principais respostas a essas necessidades surgiu a linguagem Java, que tem ganhado adeptos tanto na comunidade científica como no mercado. Surge daí a necessidade de buscar formas alternativas para o uso de computadores em rede. Entre as soluções propostas encontra-se a de arquiteturas e linguagens paralelas. Estas ferramentas, ainda em fase experimental, apresentam soluções que podem a médio e longo prazo serem viáveis, desde que estudos e pesquisas mostrem sua viabilidade. Neste trabalho investiga-se a aplicação do conceito de paralelismo em linguagens para rede, mais especificamente a linguagem Java. A proposta é estudar as possíveis formas para se explorar o paradigma de linguagens paralelas em ambientes Java. Para isto, apresenta-se uma pesquisa relativa as principais linguagens paralelas disponíveis na literatura, de forma a conhecer as melhores soluções apresentadas por essas linguagens. O trabalho apresenta também um estudo realizado em um conjunto de ferramentas Java disponíveis no mercado. Finalmente, propõe-se um novo ambiente que possa disponibilizar ao usuário os melhores recursos da linguagem Java, explorando as melhores soluções encontradas na literatura. / With the increasing number of computer users, new tools have been presented to improve the computers efficiency and to make automated resources available for those users. Nowadays, the use of computers in a network and the Internet phenomenon requires specific tools. Among them, the Java language appears as an important tool, which has been attracting users in both the scientific and commercial communities. At the same time the computer networks are becoming more popular and some problems have emergent concerned to the networks assessment and connections. It is necessary to look for alternative ways of handling the network computer systems. The parallel architectures and languages appear among the proposed solutions. These tools are still in an experimental phase, studies and researches being necessary additional to confirm their feasibility. In this work we investigate the application of parallelism concepts in languages for networks, and particular we deal with the Java language. The aim is to study the possible approaches for exploring the parallel languages paradigm in Java environments. Research about the main parallel languages available in the literature is presented, in order to check the best solutions proposed by those languages. The work also presents an investigation about the Java tools available in the commercial market. Finally a new environment is proposed that makes some of the best resources of language Java available to the users by exploring the best solutions found in the literature.

Com o crescente número de usuários de computadores, novas ferramentas têm sido apresentadas com a finalidade de aumentar a eficiência dos computadores, meio para que seus usuários disponham de recursos automatizados. Mais recentemente, máquinas ligadas em rede de computadores e o fenômeno Internet tornaram necessárias ferramentas específicas para este tipo particular de uso. Entre as principais respostas a essas necessidades surgiu a linguagem Java, que tem ganhado adeptos tanto na comunidade científica como no mercado. Surge daí a necessidade de buscar formas alternativas para o uso de computadores em rede. Entre as soluções propostas encontra-se a de arquiteturas e linguagens paralelas. Estas ferramentas, ainda em fase experimental, apresentam soluções que podem a médio e longo prazo serem viáveis, desde que estudos e pesquisas mostrem sua viabilidade. Neste trabalho investiga-se a aplicação do conceito de paralelismo em linguagens para rede, mais especificamente a linguagem Java. A proposta é estudar as possíveis formas para se explorar o paradigma de linguagens paralelas em ambientes Java. Para isto, apresenta-se uma pesquisa relativa as principais linguagens paralelas disponíveis na literatura, de forma a conhecer as melhores soluções apresentadas por essas linguagens. O trabalho apresenta também um estudo realizado em um conjunto de ferramentas Java disponíveis no mercado. Finalmente, propõe-se um novo ambiente que possa disponibilizar ao usuário os melhores recursos da linguagem Java, explorando as melhores soluções encontradas na literatura. / With the increasing number of computer users, new tools have been presented to improve the computers efficiency and to make automated resources available for those users. Nowadays, the use of computers in a network and the Internet phenomenon requires specific tools. Among them, the Java language appears as an important tool, which has been attracting users in both the scientific and commercial communities. At the same time the computer networks are becoming more popular and some problems have emergent concerned to the networks assessment and connections. It is necessary to look for alternative ways of handling the network computer systems. The parallel architectures and languages appear among the proposed solutions. These tools are still in an experimental phase, studies and researches being necessary additional to confirm their feasibility. In this work we investigate the application of parallelism concepts in languages for networks, and particular we deal with the Java language. The aim is to study the possible approaches for exploring the parallel languages paradigm in Java environments. Research about the main parallel languages available in the literature is presented, in order to check the best solutions proposed by those languages. The work also presents an investigation about the Java tools available in the commercial market. Finally a new environment is proposed that makes some of the best resources of language Java available to the users by exploring the best solutions found in the literature.

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第20518号 / 情博第646号 / 新制||情||112(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科システム科学専攻 / (主査)教授 中島 浩, 教授 永持 仁, 教授 田中 利幸 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

This essay is based on a case study that discusses students’ attitudes and beliefs about parallel language i.e. studying in two languages instead of only one. The study has been carried through by performing interviews with five students on two occasions as well as one interview with one of the educators at the department of Business Administration. It was found that students are positive towards parallel language even though it requires more time for reading and risk of losing out on content. A couple of the reasons that the students are positive about are that they expect (i) increased language proficiency and (ii) further work opportunities as a result of reading course literature in English. However, according to the educator there is little chance that reading course literature in English will affect employability. The department’s main goal is to find good textbooks. It was also revealed that even though students intend to read their textbooks they use different strategies and sometimes try to evade texts entirely. The participants were also asked to participate in a small vocabulary test with the aim of finding out if the students had acquired some of the vocabulary in their textbooks. The results showed that the students who used dictionaries extensively got the highest score, whereas those who believed that they already were proficient enough in English and did not need dictionaries that much showed very poor results.

Les grilles de calculs sont des architectures distribuées couramment utilisées pour l'exécution de programmes scientifiques ou de simulation. Les programmeurs doivent ainsi acquérir de nouvelles compétences pour pouvoir tirer partie au mieux de toutes les ressources offertes. Ils doivent apprendre à écrire un code parallèle, et, éventuellement, à gérer une mémoire distribuée.L'ambition de cette thèse est de proposer une chaîne de compilation permettant de générer automatiquement un code parallèle distribué en tâches à partir d'un code séquentiel. Pour cela, le compilateur source-à-source PIPS est utilisé. Notre approche a deux atouts majeurs : 1) une succession de transformations simples et modulaires est appliquée, permettant à l'utilisateur de comprendre les différentes transformations appliquées, de les modifier, de les réutiliser dans d'autres contextes, et d'en ajouter de nouvelles; 2) une preuve de correction de chacune des transformations est donnée, permettant de garantir que le code généré est équivalent au code initial.Cette génération automatique de code parallèle distribué de tâches offre également une interface de programmation simple pour les utilisateurs. Une version parallèle du code est automatiquement générée à partir d'un code séquentiel annoté.Les expériences effectuées sur deux machines parallèles, sur des noyaux de Polybench, montrent une accélération moyenne linéaire voire super-linéaire sur des exemples de petites tailles et une accélération moyenne égale à la moitié du nombre de processus sur des exemples de grandes tailles. / Scientific and simulation programs often use clusters for their execution. Programmers need new programming skills to fully take advantage of all the available resources. They have to learn how to write parallel codes, and how to manage the potentially distributed memory.This thesis aims at generating automatically a distributed parallel code for task parallelisation from a sequential code. A source-to-source compiler, PIPS, is used to achieve this goal. Our approach has two main advantages: 1) a chain of simple and modular transformations to apply, thus visible and intelligible by the users, editable and reusable, and that make new optimisations possible; 2) a proof of correctness of the parallelisation process is made, allowing to insure that the generated code is correct and has the same result as the sequential one.This automatic generation of distributed-task program for distributed-memory machines provide a simple programming interface for the users to write a task oriented code. A parallel code can thus automatically be generated with our compilation process.The experimental results obtained on two parallel machines, using Polybench kernels, show a linear to super-linear average speedup on small data sizes. For large ones, average speedup is equal to half the number of processes.