A low cost Heart Beat Monitoring device (HBMD) for detecting heart beat in beats per minute is presented in this thesis. An optical technique called “Photoplethysmography” is utilized by attaching to the base of the finger for monitoring beat to beat pulsation. Two major design issues addressed in this research is to achieve a strong and accurate PPG signal and simultaneously minimizing physiological artefacts and interference. In order to achieve the aim and objectives of the research, this thesis thoroughly explores two new signal conditioning hardware designs. Firstly is the design and fabrication of a low cost reflectance mode PPG heart monitor using parallel port interfacing and secondly are the design and development of a portable transmission mode PPG heart monitor using microcontroller PIC16F84A and PIC16F87. Both PPG heart monitor design is divided into three phases. First is the detection of weak pulses through the fingertip. The PPG signal is then amplified, filtered and digitized by the signal processing unit. Finally the heart rate is calculated, analyzed and displayed on the computer using parallel port interface and on the liquid crystal display using microcontroller PIC16F87. A comprehensive circuit design and analysis work was implemented verified by Proteus VSM circuit simulations and laboratory experiments. Data is presented from the method comparison study in which heart rates measured with the reflectance mode PPG and portable transmission mode PPG heart monitor were compared with those measured with standard techniques on 13 human subjects. Benchmarking tests with approved pulse oximeter and blood pressure monitor Omron M6 reveals that the PPG heart monitor is comparable to those devices in displaying the heart rate. It is also verified through experiments that both PPG heart monitor design fulfill the objectives, including achieving strong and accurate PPG signal, reduction in physiological artefacts and interference and financially low in cost. As the conclusion, the current version of the reflectance mode PPG and portable transmission mode PPG heart monitor successfully measure heart rates fast and reliably in most subjects in different body position. The PPG heart monitor proposed avoid the need to apply electrodes or other sensors in the correct position which directly minimizes the preparation time drastically. This makes the PPG heart monitor more attractive for heart monitoring purpose and its advantage should be explored further.

The present work will explain a method to achieve a remote controlled (via IR LED) alphanumeric Liquid Crystal Display. In modern times, the remote access of different devices has become quite popular, therefore, the aim of this project is to provide a useful tool that will integrate common and easy to access devices. The system includes a C language based user interface, an assembly language code for the AT89C51ED2 microcontroller instructions and some digital electronic circuits needed for the driving and control of both the LCD and the infrared communication, as well as the PC with a parallel port. The interaction of all the devices provides a whole system that can be helpful in different applications, or it can be separated into each one of its different stages to take the best advantage as possible.

A low cost Heart Beat Monitoring device (HBMD) for detecting heart beat in beats per minute is presented in this thesis. An optical technique called “Photoplethysmography” is utilized by attaching to the base of the finger for monitoring beat to beat pulsation. Two major design issues addressed in this research is to achieve a strong and accurate PPG signal and simultaneously minimizing physiological artefacts and interference. In order to achieve the aim and objectives of the research, this thesis thoroughly explores two new signal conditioning hardware designs. Firstly is the design and fabrication of a low cost reflectance mode PPG heart monitor using parallel port interfacing and secondly are the design and development of a portable transmission mode PPG heart monitor using microcontroller PIC16F84A and PIC16F87. Both PPG heart monitor design is divided into three phases. First is the detection of weak pulses through the fingertip. The PPG signal is then amplified, filtered and digitized by the signal processing unit. Finally the heart rate is calculated, analyzed and displayed on the computer using parallel port interface and on the liquid crystal display using microcontroller PIC16F87. A comprehensive circuit design and analysis work was implemented verified by Proteus VSM circuit simulations and laboratory experiments. Data is presented from the method comparison study in which heart rates measured with the reflectance mode PPG and portable transmission mode PPG heart monitor were compared with those measured with standard techniques on 13 human subjects. Benchmarking tests with approved pulse oximeter and blood pressure monitor Omron M6 reveals that the PPG heart monitor is comparable to those devices in displaying the heart rate. It is also verified through experiments that both PPG heart monitor design fulfill the objectives, including achieving strong and accurate PPG signal, reduction in physiological artefacts and interference and financially low in cost. As the conclusion, the current version of the reflectance mode PPG and portable transmission mode PPG heart monitor successfully measure heart rates fast and reliably in most subjects in different body position. The PPG heart monitor proposed avoid the need to apply electrodes or other sensors in the correct position which directly minimizes the preparation time drastically. This makes the PPG heart monitor more attractive for heart monitoring purpose and its advantage should be explored further. / Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia (MOHE) and Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)

In this study, a three-axes PC numerical control system for industrial applications has been developed. With this system, fast and cheap prototyping of designed objects can be realized. The system consists of software and a hardware which includes an XYZ positioning table and three step motors controlling this table. A proper drive circuit for the stepper motors is utilized. The software digitizes two dimensional drawings of three dimensional objects and generates the control signals for the XYZ positioning table. The software is developed under Microsoft Studio Visual Basic 6.0 environment regardless of the OS of the PC. The parallel port of the PC has been utilized for generating the necessary control signals for the stepper motors.

This masters thesis deals with the physiology of binocular vision people for obtaining two dimensional spatial perception of images with glasses. There are developed theoretical part of the physiology of vision, then writing available methods that are now widespread for obtaining stereoscopic scene. The work also describes shooting dynamic scene using a pair of identical cameras. It focuses mainly on OFF-AXES method and deals with the topic of the settings stereoscopic base. There is also realized a practical part, which works with the capture dynamic scenes using video cameras with a automatic control of cameras distance. Automatic control is performed using the parallel port and a stepper motor. For this purpose it is designed to work in hardware support and a program for mutual communication. Filmed a short movie was screened to a group and those observers evaluated the parameters that were specified in the created poll.