La tesi è suddivisa in due capitoli, il primo dei quali ha valore introduttivo e si occupa dei diritti particolari nella più ampia analisi del fenomeno della personalizzazione della s.r.l. In particolare, le osservazioni si incentrano sull'analisi del potere dell'autonomia contrattuale nella definizione dell'assetto proprietario (art. 2468, co. 2, c.c.) e dell'organizzazione interna della s.r.l. (art. 2468, co. 3, c.c.). In entrambe le ipotesi è consentito derogare all'organizzazione plutocratica propria del modello legale della società a responsabilità limitata in virtù della quale il potere è in funzione diretta della ricchezza investita al fine di soddisfare la medesima esigenza di modulare i diritti sociali alle concrete ragioni della partecipazione alla società. Il secondo capitolo si articola in tre sezioni, dedicate allo studio della fattispecie "diritto particolare relativo all'amministrazione". Il proposito è quello di riempire di contenuto l'art. 2468, co. 3, c.c., e rispondere al fondamentale quesito, se la previsione ex art. 2468, co. 3, c.c., sia tassativa - e quindi se quelli indicati sono gli unici diritti che possono sfuggire alla regola della uguaglianza e della proporzionalità - ovvero esemplificativa, aprendosi così all'autonomia privata la strada alla libera determinabilità dei diritti sociali salvo limiti imposti dalla legge. Nella prima sezione vengono individuati i limiti negativi della fattispecie. Nel capitolo 2, sez. II, invece, si procede alla ricostruzione della fattispecie, illustrando i motivi in base ai quali si giunge a ritenere che i diritti particolari relativi alla amministrazione sono quelli propriamente connessi alla gestione dell'impresa sociale. Oggetto di approfondimento nella terza ed ultima sezione del secondo capitolo è il profilo organizzativo dei diritti particolari relativi all'amministrazione. / The thesis is subdivided in two chapters, first of which it has introductory value and it is taken care of the particular rights in the analysis of the phenomenon of the personalization of the limited liability company. In particular, the observations centralize on the analysis of the power of the contractual autonomy in the definition of the ownership (art. 2468, co. 2, c.c.) And of the inner organization of limited liability company (art. 2468, co. 3, c.c.). In both the hypotheses, it can be to rule in a way different from law the capital-oriented organization of the legal model of the limited liability partnership - in virtue of which the power is in direct function of the invested wealth - to the aim to satisfy the same requirement of modulating the social rights to the concrete reasons of the participation to the society. The second chapter is subdivided in three sections, dedicated to relativeness of diritto particolare relativo all'amministrazione (particular right relating to the administration). The purpose is to determinate the applying area of art. 2468, co. 3, c.c., and to answer to the fundamental question, if art. 2468, co. 3, c.c. Is peremptory and if those indicated are the only rights which can escape to the rule of the equality and the proportionality or exemplifying and open to the private autonomy in freely creating social rights even farther legal limits. In the first section the negative limits of legal case are defined. In chapter 2, sez. II, instead, it is reconstructed the legal hypothesis, illustrating the reasons on which it is suggested to think that the diritti particolari relativi all'amministrazione are those properly connected to the management of the social business. Object of deepening in the third and last section of the second chapter it is the organizational profile of diritti particolari relativi all'amministrazione .

The main objective of this master&rsquo / s thesis is to analyze the place assigned to the phenomenon of desire by Hegel and Spinoza, and to show that the main difference between two philosophers in terms of their understanding of desire and human phenomenon consists in their understanding of the relation between the substance and particulars. In order to fulfill the requirements of this objective, what is focused on is, as different from a certain philosophical thought excluding desire from a true account of human phenomenon due to two aspects of desire, namely being an immediate drive and being purely self-referential, which are not regarded as being capable of explaining the specific distinctness of human being, how Spinoza and Hegel give an account of desire, and how they conceive mentioned aspects of desire. Throughout the thesis, first Spinoza&rsquo / s ontology, as it is elaborated in the Ethics, and the place of the phenomenon of desire in this ontology are explained. Then through an analysis of the fourth chapter of the Phenomenology of Spirit, it is argued that Hegel&rsquo / s conception of desire enables one to conceive the distinctive human institutions such as sociality, morality, and etc., as derivatives of desire. Finally it is argued that, since Hegel conceives the relation between the substance and particulars as a total detachment, he is able to give the spiritual dimension of human phenomenon in terms of desire. In this way moreover the specific distinctness of the human phenomenon is preserved in the philosophy of Hegel.

In the thesis, the error and stability analysis is made for the 2D Helmholtz equation by the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) using both Bessel and Neumann functions. The bounds of errors in bounded simply-connected domains are derived, while the bounds of condition number are derived only for disk domains. The MFS using Bessel functions is more efficient than the MFS using Neumann functions. Interestingly, for the MFS using Bessel functions, the radius R of the source points is not necessarily larger than the maximal radius r_max of the solution domain. This is against the traditional condition: r_max < R for MFS. Numerical experiments are carried out to support the analysis and conclusions made.

In this thesis, the analysis of the method of fundamental solution(MFS) is expanded for biharmonic equations. The bounds of errors are derived for the traditional and the Almansi's approaches in bounded simply-connected domains. The exponential and the polynomial convergence rates are obtained from highly and finite smooth solutions, respectively. Also the bounds of condition number are derived for the disk domains, to show the exponential growth rates. The analysis in this thesis is the first time to provide the rigor analysis of the CTM for biharmonic equations, and the intrinsic nature of accuracy and stability is similar to that of Laplace's equation. Numerical experiment are carried out for both smooth and singularity problems. The numerical results coincide with the theoretical analysis made. When the particular solutions satisfying the biharmonic equation can be found, the method of particular solutions(MPS) is always superior to MFS, supported by numerical examples. However, if such singular particular solutions near the singular points can not be found, the local refinement of collocation nodes and the greedy adaptive techniques can be used. It seems that the greedy adaptive techniques may provide a better solution for singularity problems. Beside, the numerical solutions by Almansi's approaches are slightly better in accuracy and stability than those by the traditional FS. Hence, the MFS with Almansi's approaches is recommended, due to the simple analysis, which can be obtained directly from the analysis of MFS for Laplace's equation.

This thesis is a historical study and evaluation of the form of church government practised by the Particular Baptists of the 17th and 18th centuries, from the years 1650 to 1750. This study is based on confessional statements, the ecclesiological literature, and the extant church books of the Particular Baptists. It is shown that the Particular Baptists practised a definitive form of church government known traditionally as Independency, similar to that expounded by John Owen, minus infant baptism. Under the principle of the autonomy of the church the Particular Baptists practised believer’s baptism, an explicit church membership, and upheld covenant theology. Under the principle of the headship of Christ, they practised the separation of church and state, upheld the divine right of the magistrate, and also believed in the liberty of conscience. Under the principle of rule by elders the majority of the Particular Baptists practised a plurality of elders in which there was a distinction made between the roles of the pastor or minister and the ruling elders, although they occupy the same basic office of rule. However, deviation from a plural eldership took place, leading to the singlepastor- and-multiple-deacons situation, accompanied by the disappearance of ruling elders and the practice of congregational democracy in governance. This arrangement is characteristic of modern Congregationalism. Under the principle of the communion of churches the regional associations of churches accomplished much good, while a number of issues remained unresolved, including open and closed communion, congregational hymn singing, and the training of ministers. In the final chapter, the study attempts to resolve some ecclesiological issues controverted among Reformed Baptists today by applying the lessons learned from the Particular Baptists. To the Particular Baptists, Independency was the jus divinum (divinely ordained) form of church government used by God as the vehicle to carry out the Great Commission with a view to establishing biblically ordered churches, which upheld the 1689 Baptist Confession of Faith. These three components of church life − mission-mindedness, biblical church order, and the 1689 Confession of Faith − arose from the thorough biblicism of the Particular Baptists. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Church and Dogma History))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012

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