Melospiza lincolnii -- San Bernardino and San Jacinto mountain ranges -- migrational return -- Dispersal - Morphometric analysis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:16:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Pereira Berto1.pdf: 2100000 bytes, checksum: 7c975b30da67285bf2c8d87c9e105bc9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-02 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Coccidiosis associated with the genera Eimeria Schneider, 1875 and Isospora Schneider, 1881 in the order Passeriformes are reported for more than two centuries. This study aimed to contribute to the morphology and systematic of coccidian parasites of the order Passeriformes, providing scientific basis for identification of parasite species of birds from North, South and Central America. The coccidia were organized and grouped according to the family of the host, following the concept widely recognized of family-specificity and the systematic of the class Aves updated. Isospora tiesangui, I. marambaiensis, I. sepetibensis, I. cadimi, I. navarroi, I. ramphoceli, I. mionectesi, I. feroxis, I. cagasebi, I. coerebae, I. piacobrai e Eimeria sicki were identified and characterized according to their respective hosts of the order Passeriformes, which inhabit the Atlantic forest of the Marambaia Island, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The main feature of differentiation and identification of these species was the Stieda and substieda bodies, since the morphometric parameters did not provide sufficient differentiation. The specificity of coccidia occurred at the family level, because Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis and the new hosts Dacnis cayana and Thraupis palmarum, family Thraupidae, were described for the species I. tiesangui, I sepetibensis and I. navarroi, and, similarly, Myiarchus ferox and Leptopogon amaurocephalus, family Tyrannidae, were described for E. sicki. Finally, dichotomous keys for identification were effective for the families Thraupidae and Tyrannidae. / Coccidioses associadas aos g?neros Eimeria e Isospora na ordem Passeriformes s?o relatadas h? mais de dois s?culos. Este trabalho objetivou contribuir para a morfologia e sistem?tica de cocc?dios parasitos da ordem Passeriformes, fornecendo embasamento cient?fico para identifica??o de esp?cies parasitas de aves das Am?ricas do Norte, do Sul e Central. Os cocc?dios foram organizados e agrupados de acordo com a fam?lia do hospedeiro, seguindo o conceito fam?lia-espec?fico, amplamente reconhecido e a sistem?tica da classe Aves atualizada. Isospora tiesangui, I. marambaiensis, I. sepetibensis, I. cadimi, I. navarroi, I. ramphoceli, I. mionectesi, I. feroxis, I. cagasebi, I. coerebae, I. piacobrai e Eimeria sicki foram identificadas e caracterizadas de acordo com seus respectivos hospedeiros da ordem Passeriformes, os quais habitam o bi?topo de sub-bosque da Mata Atl?ntica, Ilha da Marambaia, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. A principal caracter?stica de diferencia??o e identifica??o destas esp?cies foi o complexo corpo de Stieda e substieda, uma vez que o estudo morfom?trico n?o forneceu par?metros suficientes de diferencia??o. A especificidade ocorreu em n?vel de fam?lia, pelo fato de Ramphocelus bresilius dorsalis e os novos hospedeiros Dacnis cayana e Thraupis palmarum, da fam?lia Thraupidae, terem sido descritos para as esp?cies I. tiesangui, I. sepetibensis e I. navarroi, e, da mesma forma, Myiarchus ferox e Leptopogon amaurocephalus, da fam?lia Tyrannidae, foram descritos para E. sicki. Por fim, chaves dicot?micas de identifica??o de esp?cies de cocc?dios parasitas de aves Passeriformes foram efetivadas para as fam?lias Thraupidae e Tyrannidae.

No description available.

The aim of this study was to provide deeper insights in passerine phylogenetic relationships using new molecular markers. The monophyly of the largest avian order Passeriformes (~59% of all living birds) and the division into its suborders suboscines and oscines are well established. Phylogenetic relationships within the group have been extremely puzzling, as most of the evolutionary lineages originated through rapid radiation. Numerous studies have hypothesised conflicting passerine phylogenies and have repeatedly stimulated further research with new markers. In the present study, I used three different approaches to contribute to the ongoing phylogenetic debate in Passeriformes. I investigated the recently introduced gene ZENK for its phylogenetic utility for passerine systematics in combination and comparison to three already established nuclear markers. My phylogenetic analyses of a comprehensive data set yielded highly resolved, consistent and strongly supported trees. I was able to show the high utility of ZENK for elucidating phylogenetic relationships within Passeriformes. For the second and third approach, I used chicken repeat 1 (CR1) retrotransposons as phylogenetic markers. I presented two specific CR1 insertions as apomorphic characters, whose presence/absence pattern significantly contributed to the resolution of a particular phylogenetic uncertainty, namely the position of the rockfowl species Picathartes spp. in the passerine tree. Based on my results, I suggest a closer relationship of these birds to crows, ravens, jays, and allies. For the third approach, I showed that CR1 sequences contain phylogenetic signal and investigated their applicability in more detail. In this context, I screened for CR1 elements in different passerine birds, used sequences of several loci to construct phylogenetic trees, and evaluated their reliability. I was able to corroborate existing hypotheses and provide strong evidence for some new hypotheses, e.g. I suggest a revision of the taxa Corvidae and Corvinae as vireos are closer related to crows, ravens, and allies. The subdivision of the Passerida into three superfamilies, Sylvioidea, Passeroidea, and Muscicapoidea was strongly supported. I found evidence for a split within Sylvioidea into two clades, one consisting of tits and the other comprising warblers, bulbuls, laughingthrushes, whitethroats, and allies. Whereas Passeridae appear to be paraphyletic, monophyly of weavers and estrild finches as a separate clade was strongly supported. The sister taxon relationships of dippers and the thrushes/flycatcher/chat assemblage was corroborated and I suggest a closer relationship of waxwings and kinglets to wrens, tree-creepers, and nuthatches. / Das Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, mittels neuer molekularer Marker zusätzliche Informationen über die phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Sperlingsvögel (Passeriformes) zu erhalten. Die Monophylie der Passeriformes, der größten Vogelgruppe (~59% aller lebenden Arten), sowie ihrer Unterteilung in Suboscines und Oscines sind gut belegt. Die phylogenetischen Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse innerhalb dieser Gruppen sind jedoch seit jeher sehr schwer zu entschlüsseln, da sich die meisten Linien durch eine schnelle Radiation entwickelten. Zahlreiche Studien haben verschiedene Hypothesen zur Phylogenie der Sperlingsvögel aufgestellt und damit die Suche nach neuen Markern initiiert. In meiner Untersuchung habe ich drei verschiedene Ansätze benutzt, um zur Klärung der Phylogenie beizutragen. Ich untersuchte das kürzlich als Marker eingeführte ZENK-Gen im Hinblick auf seinen Nutzen in der Systematik der Sperlingsvögel in Kombination und im Vergleich zu drei bereits etablierten nukleären Markern. Meine phylogenetischen Analysen eines umfassenden Datensatzes ergaben hoch aufgelöste, konsistente und stark unterstütze Stammbäume, so dass ich den hohen Nutzwert des ZENK-Gens für die Klärung phylogenetischer Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse der Passeriformes zeigen konnte. Für den zweiten und dritten Ansatz habe ich Chicken Repeat 1 (CR1) Retrotransposons als phylogenetische Marker benutzt. Anhand zweier spezifischer CR1 Insertionen als apomorphe Merkmale und deren Insertionsmuster in verschiedenen Sperlingsvögeln konnte ich die phylogenetische Position der afrikanischen Felshüpfer, Picathartes spp., klären. Aufgrund meiner Ergebnisse schließe ich auf eine engere Verwandtschaft der Felshüpfer zu den Rabenvögeln. Durch meinen dritten Ansatz konnte ich nachweisen, dass CR1-Sequenzen phylogenetische Informationen enthalten, und untersuchte detailliert deren Anwendung als Marker. Dafür habe ich in verschiedenen Sperlingsvögeln nach CR1 Elementen gesucht und mit einigen dieser Sequenzen Stammbäume berechnet, um die Verlässlichkeit der Marker zu überprüfen. Durch meine Untersuchungen konnte ich existierende Hypothesen stützen und zusätzlich starke Hinweise auf neue Hypothesen finden. Beispielsweise schlage ich eine Revision der Taxa Corvidae und Corvinae vor, da Vireos eng mit den Rabenvögeln verwandt sind. Die Unterteilung der Passerida in die drei Unterfamilien Sylvioidea, Passeroidea und Muscicapoidea konnte deutlich bestätigt werden. Ich habe Hinweise auf eine Trennung der Sylvioidea in zwei taxonomische Gruppen erhalten, einer bestehend aus Meisen und Verwandten und der andere aus Grasmücken, Bülbüls, Häherlingen, Brillenvögeln und Verwandten. Während die Passeridae paraphyletisch sind, wurde die Monophylie der Weber und Astrilden als ein eigenes Taxon unterstützt. Das Schwestergruppenverhältnis zwischen Wasseramseln und dem Drossel/Fliegenschnäpper/Schmätzer-Taxon wurde ebenfalls bestätigt. Außerdem habe ich Hinweise auf eine nähere Verwandtschaft zwischen Seidenschwänzen und Goldhähnchen zu Zaunkönigen, Baumläufern und Kleibern gefunden.

In this thesis, I present in captivity and in the field, experimental tests based on innovative feeding to a group of seven opportunistic avian species in Barbados. In chapter 1, I present an example of innovative feeding anecdotes by describing for the first time bread "hunting" and kleptoparasitisim at experimental patches by the Gray Kingbird (Tyrannus dominicensis). In chapter 2, I compare three Passeriforme (the Carib Grackle, Quiscalus lugubris; the Shiny Cowbird, Molothrus bonariensis; the Lesser-Antillean Bullfinch, Loxigilla noctis) and two Columbiforme species (the Zenaida Dove, Zenaida aurita, the Common Ground Dove, Columbina passerina ) on three measures of foraging flexibility presented in the field and in captivity: habituation to mew food patches, willingness to feed near unfamiliar objects (neophobia) and ability to obtain food from a new apparatus. In chapter 3, the two nectar-feeding species in the opportunistic "guild" of Barbados, the bullfinch and the Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola), were given a neophobia test in the field, using dissolved sugar as food. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

Submitted by Ana Damasceno (ana.damasceno@unipampa.edu.br) on 2017-04-24T18:19:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Pintura cromossômica multidirecional no genoma de synallaxis frontalis (passeriformes, furnariidae).pdf: 883991 bytes, checksum: 31114ee6ec5eb33e14eb5784908a20fc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-24T18:19:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Pintura cromossômica multidirecional no genoma de synallaxis frontalis (passeriformes, furnariidae).pdf: 883991 bytes, checksum: 31114ee6ec5eb33e14eb5784908a20fc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-24 / Durante o processo evolutivo os cariótipos das espécies se transformaram seguindo princípios nem sempre conhecidas, gerando uma imensa diversidade cromossômica. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo compreender a evolução cariotípica de uma espécie da família Furnariidae, Synallaxis frontalis, popularmente conhecido como Petrim. A metodologia utilizada para alcançarmos nosso objetivo foi a citogenética clássica (coloração com giemsa e bandeamento C) e molecular (Hibridização in situ fluorescente) de sondas do gene ribossomal 18S e sondas cromossômicas de Gallus gallus (GGA) e Leucopternis albicollis (LAL). A coloração com giemsa permitiu inferirmos que a espécie estudada apresenta um típico cariótipo para os passeriformes, com 82 cromossomos, sendo a maioria deles microcromossomos. Entretanto observou-se a presença de heteromorfismos na morfologia do primeiro e terceiro pares autossômicos. O bandeamento C demonstrou que a heterocromatina constitutiva está localizada principalmente nas regiões centromérica/pericentromérica dos macrocromossomos e microcromossomos e, em praticamente todo o cromossomo sexual W. Os sítios ribossomais foram encontrados em um par de microcromossomos, assim como a maioria das espécies basais. A pintura cromossômica com sondas de GGA mostrou que os cromossomos ancestrais 1 e 2 estão fissionados, enquanto que a hibridização dos cromossomos correspondentes ao GGA 3-10 mostraram o mesmo padrão proposto para o suposto ancestral das aves. As hibridizações com sondas de LAL confirmaram os resultados obtidos com GGA e permitiram a identificação de vários rearranjos intracromossômicos no cromossomo 1 (GGA1q) e no cromossomo 3 (GGA2q). As inversões no cromossomo 1 de Synallaxis frontalis foram similares às inversões já descritas para passeriformes, entretanto, esta espécie apresentou uma inversão extra, responsável pelo heteromorfismo neste cromossomo. De forma similar, no cromossomo 3, a inversão encontrada também foi responsável pelo heteromorfismo. Essas informações são importantes para melhor compreender a organização genômica e evolução cromossômica das aves, especialmente para a subordem Suboscines. / During the evolutionary process the karyotypes of the species were transformed following system not always known, generating an immense chromosomic diversity. Thus the present work aimed to understand the karyotype evolution of a species of the Furnariidae family, Synallaxis frontalis, popularly known as Petrim. The methodology used to reach our aim was classical cytogenetics (giemsa and Cbanding) and molecular (fluorescence in situ hybridization) with 18S ribosomal gene probes and chromosome probes of Gallus gallus (GGA) and Leucopternis albicollis (LAL). The giemsa staining allowed us to infer that the species studied presented a typical karyotype for birds, with 82 chromosomes, most of them microchromosomes. However, the presence of heteromorphisms in the morphology of the first and third autosomal pairs was observed. C-banding demonstrated that constitutive heterochromatin is located primarily in the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of macrochromosomes and microchromosomes and in practically the entire size of the W chromosome. The ribosomal sites were found in a pair of microchromosomes, as in the most of the basal species. The chromosome painting with GGA probes showed that the ancestral chromosomes 1 and 2 are fissioned, whereas the hybridization of the chromosomes corresponding to the GGA 3-10 showed the same standard proposed for the supposed ancestor of the birds. Hybridizations with LAL probes confirmed the results obtained with GGA and allowed the identification of several intrachromosomal rearrangements on chromosome 1 (GGA1q) and chromosome 3 (GGA2q). The inversions on chromosome 1 of Synallaxis frontalis were similar to the inversions already described for Passeriformes, however, this species presented an extra inversion, responsible for the heteromorphism in this chromosome. Similarly, on chromosome 3, the inversion found was also responsible for heteromorphism. This information is important to better understand the genomic organization and chromosomal evolution of birds, particularly for Suboscine. / SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ....................................................................................................... 13 1.2 Importância da citogenética em aves .......................................................... 14 1.2 Genes Ribossomais .................................................................................... 15 1.3 Pintura cromossômica em aves .................................................................. 16 1.4 Família Furnariidae ..................................................................................... 16 2 OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Objetivo geral .............................................................................................. 20 2.1 Objetivos específicos .................................................................................. 20 3 CAPÍTULO 1 - Multidirectional chromosome painting in the genome of Synallaxis frontalis (Passeriformes, Furnariidae) reveals high chromosomal reorganization, involving fissions and inversions ............................................................................... 21 3.1 Abstract ....................................................................................................... 22 3.2 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 23 3.3 MATERIAL AND METHODS ....................................................................... 24 3.3.1 Samples and Chromosome Preparations ........................................ 24 3.3.2 Classical Cytogenetics .................................................................... 25 3.3.3 Fluorescent in situ hybridization ...................................................... 25 3.4 RESULTS ................................................................................................... 25 3.4.1 Classical Cytogenetics .................................................................... 25 3.4.2 FISH experiments ............................................................................ 26 3.5 DISCUSSION .............................................................................................. 32 4 CONCLUSÃO ......................................................................................................... 40 REFERÊNCIAS ......................................................................................................... 41

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 115). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2003. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 115). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--Carleton University, 2005. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-54). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M.Sc.)--Acadia University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-79). Also available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.