American history has celebrated the involvement of black women in the "underground railroad," but little is said about women's everyday resistance to the institutional constraints and abuses of slavery. Many Americans have probably heard of and know about Harriet Tubman and Sojourner Truth - two very prominent black female resistance leaders and abolitionists-- but this thesis addresses the lives of some of the less-celebrated and lesser-known (more obscure) women; part of the focus is on the common tasks, relationships, burdens, and leadership roles of these very brave enslaved women. Resistance history in the Caribbean and Americas in its various forms has always emphasized the role of men as leaders and heroes. Studies in the last two decades Momsen 1996, Mintz 1996, Bush 1990, Beckles and Shepherd, Ellis 1985, 1996, Hart 1980, 1985) however, are beginning to suggest the enormous contributions of women to the successes of many of the resistance events. Also, research revelations are being made correcting the negative impressions and images of enslaved women as depicted in colonial writings (Mathis 2001, Beckles and Shepherd 1996, Cooper 1994, Campbell 1986, Price 1996, Campbell 1987). Some of these new findings portray women as not only actively at the forefront of colonial military and political resistance operations but performed those activities in addition to their roles as the bearers of their individual original cultures. Their goal was achievement of freedom for their people. Freedom can be seen as a magic word that politicians, propagandists, psychologists and priests throw around with ease. Yet, to others freedom has a different meaning which varies with the individual's sense of associated values. Freedom without qualification is an abstract noun meaning, "not restricted, unimpeded", or simply, "liberty"; but when it is concretized in individual situations its meaning is narrowed, and it becomes clear that no one can be fully free. Yet the love of freedom is one of our deepest feelings, a truly heartfelt cry, freedom of wide open spaces, liberty to enjoy the taste, in unrestricted fashion, of the joys of nature, to live a life free from external anxieties and internal fears; freedom to be truly ourselves. All living creatures, even animals seem to value their freedom above all else. Enslaved people were not submissive towards their oppressors; attempts were made both subtly, overtly and violently to resist their so-called "masters" and slavery conditions. Violent and non-violent resistance were carried out by the enslaved throughout colonial history on both sides of the Atlantic, and modern historical literature shows that women oftentimes displayed more resistance than men. Enslaved Africans started to fight the transatlantic slave trade as soon as it began. Their struggles were multifaceted and covered four continents over four centuries. Still, they have often been underestimated, overlooked, or forgotten. African resistance was reported in European sources only when it concerned attacks on slave ships and company barracoons, but acts of resistance also took place far from the coast and thus escaped the slavers' attention. To discover them, oral history, archaeology, and autobiographies and biographies of African victims of the slave trade have to be probed. Taken together, these various sources offer a detailed image of the varied strategies Africans used to defend themselves and mount attacks against the slave trade in various ways. The Africans' resistance continued in the Americas, by running away, establishing Maroon communities, sabotage, conspiracy, and open uprising against those who held them in captivity. Freed people petitioned the authorities, led information campaigns, and worked actively to abolish the slave trade and slavery. In Europe, black abolitionists launched or participated in civic movements to end the deportation and enslavement of Africans. They too delivered speeches, provided information, wrote newspaper articles and books. Using violent as well as nonviolent means, Africans in Africa, the Americas, and Europe were constantly involved in the fight against the slave trade and slavery. Women are half the human race and they're half of history, as well. Until recent years, Black women's history has been even less than that. Much work has been done studying the lives of slaves in the United States and the slave system. From elementary school in the USA on through college we are taught the evils of slavery that took place right here in the Land of the Free. However, how much do we know about the enslaved in other places, namely the Caribbean? The Caribbean was the doorway to slavery here in the New World, and so it is important that we study the hardships that enslaved people suffered in that area. Slaves regularly resisted their masters in any way they could. Female slaves, in particular, are reported to have had a very strong sense of independence and they regularly resisted slavery using both violent and non-violent means. The focus of my research is on the lives of enslaved women in the Caribbean and their brave resistance to bondage. Caribbean enslaved women exhibited their strong character, independence and exceptional self worth through their opposition to the tasks they performed in the fields on plantations. Resistance was expressed in many different rebellious ways including not getting married, refusing to reproduce, and through various other forms as part of their open physical resistance. The purpose of this project is to identify the role enslaved women in both the Caribbean and the USA played in some of the major uprisings, revolts, and rebellions during their enslavement period. The research identifies individual female personalities, who played key roles in not only the everyday work on plantations, but also in planning resistance movements in the slave communities. This study utilizes plantations records, archival material, and official sources. Archival records from plantations located in archives and county clerks' offices; interviews with sources such as researchers and experts familiar with the plantations of slave communities in designated areas; and research in libraries, as well as other sources, oral histories, written and oral folklore, and personal interviews were used as well.

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Bakgrund och problemområde: Organisationer påverkas i stor utsträckning av globaliseringen och den tekniska utvecklingen, något som inte är ett undantag för tillverkningsindustrisektorn. Detta kräver att organisationer ständigt behöver utvecklas för att hålla sig konkurrenskraftiga på marknaden. Men något som också kan skapas i och med de ständiga förändringarna är ett växande förändringsmotstånd. Medarbetares förändringsmotstånd kan ha förödande konsekvenser. Men är det verkligen själva motståndet som är problemet, kan det inte vara så att det orsakas av något annat? För att förstå förändringsmotståndet och att det i sig kanske inte är det verkliga problemet skapas kunskap om orsaken till att förändringsmotståndet uppstår. Även vilket stöd organisationen kan bidra med vid förändringsarbeten.. Förändringsmotstånd kan yttra sig på olika sätt och det finns olika orsaker till dess uppkomst. Syfte: Syftet med rapporten är att öka kunskapen om orsakerna till medarbetares förändringsmotstånd och hur motståndet ser ut på ett av Sveriges största tillverkningsföretag. En ökad kunskap kring förändringsmotstånd i olika kontexter kan bidra till att förstå hur oönskat motstånd kan förebyggas.  Problemformulering:● Vilka former av förändringsmotstånd upplevde medarbetarna vid enorganisationsförändring och vad var orsaken till motståndet? o Vilken möjlighet för stöttning av organisationen finns för medarbetaren vid förändringsarbeten? Metod: I studien har det använts en kvalitativ metod för att öka kunskapen kring medarbetarnas perspektiv på förändringsmotstånd. Det har genomförts tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med medarbetare som är mellanchefer på Företag X i tillverkningsindustrisektorn. Slutsats: Bland de olika reaktionerna är det känslomässigt motstånd som varit starkast. I de flesta fallen har motståndet varit passivt eller ambivalent, det vill säga att det handlat om negativa tankar och känslor. Samtidigt är en majoritet av motståndet omedvetet, det vill säga att de som har ett motstånd själva inte vet om det eller antar sig ha det. Hur förändringsmotståndet yttrar sig antas bero på vad orsaken till motståndet bottnar sig i. Psykologiska orsaker till motstånd var det som visat sig tydligast. Att vara mellanchef verkar till viss del påverka hur motståndet uttrycker sig då de har mer insyn och inflytande i organisationen. Undersökningen kom fram till att medarbetarna inte upplevde sig behöva något ytterligare stöd vid förändringsprocessen då de redan kände sig tillfreds med den stöttning de hade i form av en god kommunikation och relation till sin närmsta chef. / Problem background: Organizations are greatly affected by globalization and technological development, which is not an exception for the manufacturing industry sector. This requires that organizations constantly need to develop in order to remain competitive in the market. A phenomenon that can be created as an impact of constant changes within an organization is a growing resistance to change. Employee resistance to change can have devastating consequences. But is it really the resistance itself that is the problem, couldn't it be caused by something else? In order to understand the resistance to change and that it may not in itself be the real problem, knowledge is created about the reason why the resistance to change arises. Also, what support the organization can contribute to when changes in the workplace are taking place. Resistance to change can manifest itself in different ways and there are different reasons for its emergence. Purpose: The purpose of the report is to increase knowledge about the reasons for employee resistance to change and what the resistance looks like at one of Sweden's largest manufacturing companies. An increased knowledge of resistance to change in different contexts can contribute to understanding how unwanted resistance can be prevented. Research question:● What forms of resistance to change did the employees experience during an organizational change and what was the reason for the resistance?o What opportunity for support from the organization is there for the employee during organizational change? Method: In this study, a qualitative method was used to increase knowledge about the employees' perspective on resistance to change. Ten semi-structured interviews have been conducted with employees who are middle managers at Company X in the manufacturing industry sector. Conclusion: Among the different reactions, it is the emotional resistance that has been the strongest. In most cases, the resistance has been passive or ambivalent, that is to say, it has been about negative thoughts and feelings. At the same time, a majority of the resistance is unconscious, that is, those who themselves have a resistance do not know about it or assume that they have it. How the resistance to change manifests itself is assumed to depend on what the cause of the resistance is rooted in. Psychological reasons for resistance were the most clearly demonstrated. Being a middle manager seems to some extent to influence how the resistance expresses itself as they have more visibility and influence in the organization. The survey concluded that the employees did not feel they needed any additional support during the change process as they already felt satisfied with the support they had in the form of good communication and a good relationship with their immediate supervisor. / <p>Externt samarbete med ett anonymt tillverkningsföretag.</p>